Wireless sensor networks have recently attracted significant attention for many military and civil applications, such as target tracking, surveillance and security management. Wireless sensors nodes have limited energy resources and are usually deployed in environments where recharging or replacement of the battery is either impossible or too costly. Therefore, energy resources for wireless sensor networks should be managed wisely to extend the lifetime of networks. There are several number of energy efficient protocols which have been used to prolong the network lifetime of the wireless sensor networks. These protocols can further be improved to achieve better results. In this paper, “Minimum Transmission LEACH Protocol” for wireless sensor networks is proposed. The fundamental concept of this protocol is that there is a pre-defined radius around the Base Station (located at centre), some nodes are inside the radius and others are outside the radius. Cluster Heads which are outside the radius find the nearest Cluster Head which is inside the radius and send data to it. Then these inside Cluster Heads aggregate the data and send it to the Base Station. The proposed scheme is compared against LEACH protocol. Simulations have been conducted to evaluate these protocols and favorable results are obtained. Our results show that MTLP improves network lifetime by an order of magnitude compared with LEACH.

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The focus on power quality problems has recently become one of the important issues in power system due to fast industrialization and extensive use of nonlinear loads with varying distortion at ac mains. Poor power factor and voltage drop at the load terminals along with other power quality problems such as harmonics, unbalanced loads have considerable effect on the other connected consumer loads. Harmonics currents produce voltage distortion at PCC (Point of Common Coupling), resonance with source impedance and excessive power losses in supply lines. There are various control algorithms in time and frequency domain for extraction of harmonics components from distorted signals. The facts devices such as STATCOM (Static Compensator) has taken a considerable lead for harmonics suppression, load balancing and reactive power compensation in PFC (Power Factor Correction) as well as ZVR (Zero Voltage Regulation) modes at PCC. The algorithm to find the optimal location of STATCOM based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been developed. The effect of this device on line flows and bus voltage profile has been studied by Newton-Rapshon method placing STATCOM at random location and placing them optimally with optimal ratings dictated by PSO. The effectiveness of developed algorithm has been tested on IEEE 14 bus and IEEE 30 bus systems using MATLAB 7.1.0 software. The results obtained are quite encouraging and will be useful in electrical restructuring.

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Fiber glass reinforced composites are employed as armor grade materials in many protective applications because of their good energy absorption, high specific strength and low density. One of such unique class of armor composites is E-Glass / phenolic composites. In the present study, physico-mechanical properties of these laminates have been evaluated as per standard methods and subsequently these composites of various thicknesses are subjected to ballistic impact of low velocity soft projectiles at varying angles of impact. Energy absorptions in terms of fractional kinetic energy are calculated experimentally and analyzed. Failure analysis of ballistic resistant glass laminates is discussed.

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Earthquake causes major loss of life and at the same time they also cause huge economic impact in the regions affected. If we look at the recent earthquake that has occurred in and around the world, one can easily highlight the structural inadequacy to withstand seismic forces. Therefore there is an urgent need for assessment of existing buildings which do not fulfil seismic requirement and suffer severe damage under seismic ground motion and also the new structures to be constructed. The aim of evaluating and assessing such buildings is to make them more seismic resistant with the help of techniques like seismic retrofitting and base isolation. This paper presents nonlinear static analysis technique for performance evaluation of 4-storey reinforced concrete residential building subjected to earthquake loading. The performance of the reinforced concrete building is evaluated in terms of maximum base shear, maximum displacement, performance point and sequence of plastic hinge formation. The building considered for analysis is an existing RC residential building located in Mysore designed only for gravity loads as per IS code. The seismic resistance of the building is determined by performing response spectrum analysis and static nonlinear analysis for uniform loading. The building is found that it has more capacity than demand and permissible displacement in Mysore zone hence it does not collapse. Further the push over analysis is carried out for different types of soils and zones and the performance of the building is studied. Base isolation technique is also adopted for 4 storey building. Comparison of results like base shear, time period have been made between the buildings with isolation and without isolation.

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Size reduction, lower cost and improved performance are the keen interest in the field of Microwave components in recent years. In this paper a new multilayered Microstrip low pass filter is designed keeping all above factors in mind. To improve the performance of the filter, square split ring resonators are fabricated on the top layer while low pass filter is designed in middle layer. In this work a new multilayered Microstrip low pass filter based on SRR with cut off frequency 2GHz is presented .The Metamaterial has the advantage of compact size with ability to provide improved performance. A comparison between a simple Microstrip low pass filter with a new modified design of multilayered Microstrip low pass filter based on split ring resonator has been done. The return loss has improved significantly both in pass band and stop band.

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Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a network built among vehicles. Vehicular ad hoc network is attaining importance as it enhances the safety of passenger and also provides extra services which are useful to user. The key factor for success of VANETs lies in its mobility. VANETs are utilized by many users hence there is a need to provide authentication and authorization. PMIPv6 provides efficiently authentication and authorization. But it suffers from man in middle attack. It also impedes localized advantage due to long distance delivery. Billing is also a important issue in VANET which has been not focused in past. VANET is a network made up of different users hence it is difficult to motivate users to cooperate for data transmission. This project provides authentication in faster manner by making use of mutual authentication. It provides effective billing scheme. It motivates each vehicle in VANET to participate in transmitting data by providing incentive to them. It prevents the man in middle attack with the help of encryption. It uses a Proxy server which reduces the number of hops required to transmit the data.

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The present study was undertaken to study the correlation coefficients among yield contributing traits and late leaf spot score at 75, 90 and 102 DAS with their path effects towards pod yield were investigated in RIL population of groundnut cross JL 24 X ICG 13919 during Kharif 2010. The studies on phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients revealed that pod yield per plant had strong positive correlation with number of mature pods per plant, immature pods per plant, total pods per plant, mature seed per plant, immature seeds per plant, hundred seed weight, shelling per cent and haulm weight per plant indicating that improvement of these characters will lead to improvement in yield. Whereas significant negative correlation with LLS disease score at 75 and 90 DAS. Among these characters, number of mature seeds per plant manifested maximum positive direct effect towards the pod yield per plant followed by total pods per plant and haulm weight per plant and other characters had high indirect effects through number mature pods per plant and mature seeds per plant. This suggested that emphasis should be given to number of mature pods per plant, total number of pods per plant, mature seeds per plant and haulm weight per plant in selection for high yielding lines in groundnut. It was observed that selection for these traits would be useful in the genetic improvement of these traits.

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Slurry Infiltrated Fibrous Concrete (SIFCON) is a special type of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) which have large amount of fiber. FRC contain fiber only 2% to 5% by volume of cube because of balling and clustering problem but in SIFCON we can use fiber from 5 to 20 % of volume of cube. In this research work we are going to use 6%, 12% and 18% of steel fiber by volume of 150mm× 150mm × 150mm cube to find out the maximum strength and compare it with the strength of normal concrete by using the grade of M30 at the days of 7days, 14days &28 days. For this purpose 27 cube of SIFCON and nine controlled cube of M30 grade were casted. This research therefore is an investigation of the performance of the concrete made of 6%, 12% & 18% of steel fiber.

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Hybrid wireless optical network is gaining popularity because of its wireless features. In WOBAN, the wired part of the access network is replaced with a wireless connectivity Wired router is replaced with wireless router in the network. In a typical network setup, WOBAN consist of servers, optical network unit (ONU), optical line terminal (OLT), routers and node. Back end network of WOBAN is wired optical network and the front end is wireless. Survivability of WOBAN is an important issue. A single segment failure in WOBAN is a scenario where ONU are disconnected with OLT which will lead to large data loss and inconvenience to the users. We are proposing an optimised scheme called optimizing back up ONUs selection and back up fiber deployment (OBOF) to provide survivability of WOBAN in a segment failure. In OBOF scheme simulated annealing algorithm is used for optimising the selection of back up ONU. Enhanced greedy algorithm is used for optimising the fibre layout and channel capacity utilisation. Implementation is done using JAVA

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Reduction of friction in rotating parts of machine component is very important. Ball bearings are very commonly used in machine elements. They are employed to permit rotary motion of, or about, shafts in simple commercial devices such as bicycles, roller skates and electric motors. They are also used in complex engineering mechanisms such as aircraft gas turbines, rolling mills, dental drills, gyroscopes and power transmissions. The motion of the ball and inner race may look to be simple rotation but, after a deep observation it is seen that there is a relative motion between them. Statically and dynamically loaded bearings are studied and the deformations of the ball are discussed. It is very inevitable for engineers and designers to understand these differences, time lag, deformations of ball and the stresses thereafter. The effect on the velocity and acceleration of the ball by varying contact angle and speed of rotation of shaft is also tabulated. The research may be further carried out to understand the stresses for complete rotation of the ball.

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Solar energy systems have emerged as a viable source of renewable energy over the past two or three decades, and are now widely used for a variety of industrial and domestic applications. Such systems are based on a solar collector, designed to collect the sun’s energy and to convert it into either electrical power or thermal energy. In general, the power developed in such applications depends fundamentally upon the amount of solar energy captured by the collector, and thus the problem of developing tracking schemes capable of following the trajectory of the sun throughout the course of the day on a year-round basis has received significant coverage in this project. It was shown that the amount of solar energy captured by a tilted collector could be increased by more than 40% by adjusting the tilt angle on a seasonal basis.

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Soil is one of the most important engineering materials. When a structure is placed on a foundation consisting of soil, the loads from the structure cause the soil to be stressed. The two most important requirements for the stability and safety of the structure are firstly, the deformation, especially the vertical deformation, called ‘settlement’ of the soil, should not be excessive and must be within tolerable or permissible limits. And secondly, the shear strength of the foundation soil should be adequate to withstand the stresses induced. This project aims to study the seismic response of structure on different types of soil. All the Civil Engineering structures, ultimately rest on the soil. They transfer their whole load to the soil, so we have to construct the foundations to retain these structures. In case of the hard soil having sufficient strength we can provide the shallow foundations. If we know the strength of the soil then we can decide which type of foundation is to be used. If the soil is weak in strength then we have to provide the deep foundations like pile foundation, well foundation etc. A RCC building of G+10, G+15, and G+20 storeys with floor height 3.2m constructed on hard, medium and soft soil subjected to earthquake loading in Zone II, III, IV and V has been considered for analysis. In this regard, STAAD Pro V8i software has been considered as a tool to perform. Effect of different types of soil on RCC structure is analysed. Displacements, axial forces and bending moments along X and Z direction are calculated for four different columns. Maximum base Shear along X and Z direction is also calculated.

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Cryptography is a process used for sending information in secret way. Goal of this process is to provide protection for information. There are many algorithms exist for this process. For cryptography there are algorithms like RSA, AES, and DES but here we are using only RSA algorithm which is used Encryption and Decryption key. Encryption is one way to ensure good security from unauthorized access in many fields like military communication and medical sciences[1].Image encryption, which basically has two stages: 1) In first stage, each pixel of image is converted to its equivalent eight bit binary number and in that eight bit number, the number of bits, which are equal to the length of password are rotated and then reversed; 2) In second stage, extended hill cipher technique is applied by using involutory matrix, which is generated by same password used in second stage of encryption to make it more secure[3].

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Over the last few decades, the astonishing developments of super plasticizers technology allowed great achievements on the conception of concrete mixes exhibiting self-compacting ability. Since the eighties, some methodologies have been proposed to achieve self-compacting requirements in fresh concrete mixes, based on the evaluation of the flowing properties of these mixes. This study was composed of three parts. The first part was based on the design of SCC and FR-SCC with locally available materials of Fly ash in addition to chemical additives. The second part was based on studying the effects of using different percentages of steel fibers on SCC by testing the fresh properties of SCC and FR-SCC matrix such as slump flow, L-box, V-funnel and U-box test. The third part was dealing with the comparison of hardened properties of SCC and FR-SCC mixes such as compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength. The results have shown that the addition of fibers improves the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and depending on the w/c ratio and admixture content better workability can be obtained for FR-SCC.

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A social network is defined as a social structure of individuals, who are related (directly or indirectly to each other) based on a common relation of interest, e.g. friendship, trust, etc. Data mining, a technique used to extract information from large databases can be used for social network analysis includes. In this paper we talk about data mining and its applications including social network analysis. Social network plays a major part in our current day to day lives. And like every other entity, it has its pros and cons that are discussed briefly. Various models and algorithms can be used to analyze the influence of social networks.

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This Wind Turbine will be mounted at the topof the car so that the wind strikes the blades of the turbine, thus generating power that can be used to charge the batteries of an automobile. The Finite element analysis of designed blade of wind powered car turbine rotor is done in ANSYS. This work is focused on the root segments of blade, shaft segment and transition segment. Result obtained from ANSYS is compared with the previous experimental work.

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Suspended nanoparticles in basic fluids, called Nano fluids. Nano fluid will enhance the thermal conductivity of fluid. This increase of thermal conductivity of fluid was surprising and cannot be determine by existing theories. Nano -sized particle-fluid suspensions exhibit no such drastically increase in thermal efficiency. This article presents review of these studies and suggests a direction for future development. The review and suggestions will be useful because the material in this area is sprinkled over a wide range of branches.

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This project aims study on base plate located at base of tank, which is filled with milk. The plate contains a circular hole presently. Stress analysis for different hole geometry has been done. In addition, different materials are utilized for base plate fabrication and best material is evaluated based on strength and corrosion resistance. The results based on analytical solution are compared with the results obtained using finite element methods by utilizing ANSYS software. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the effect of various shaped cut-out in plate and also its effects in different materials. In addition, effect of cut-out geometry (circular, square, rectangle, triangular special cut-outs), material properties (isotropic and orthotropic), fiber angles, and cut-out curvature are considered to observe the behavior of plate.

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Over the past 25 years, sitting have become more and more prevalent in the office work environment. Prolonged sitting leads to various health issues thus leading to discomfort and decrease in productivity. To tackle prolonged sitting culture researchers are researching on sit-stand workstations. Previous studies showed that there is evidence on reduction in musculoskeletal discomfort with use of sit-stand posture associated with prolonged sitting. The online survey carry out in this study confirmed that there is lack of awareness of sit-stand workstations in India, there is need of alternative to reduce worker discomfort without tumbling productivity. Organizations must take both into account when crafting a strategy and guidelines for optimizing movement in the workplace. There is need of ergonomic workshops at Indian institutes and organizations to make people ergonomically aware.

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Rotating machinery is becoming faster and lightweight due to the advanced technologies made in engineering and materials sciences. It is required them to run for longer periods of time. The high speed rotor bearing system often shows unpredictable dynamic response due to manufacturing defects. As it is not possible to produce perfect surface even with the best available machine tools. The radial and axial clearance provided in the design of bearings to compensate for thermal expansion, can be a source of vibrations and introduce nonlinearity in the dynamic system. Using vibration analysis, the condition of a machine can be periodically monitored. The main objective of this paper is to study the vibration characteristics of rotor equipped with long journal bearings placed at both ends. Besides the non-linear forces of the lubricated pairs, a non-linear elastic, damped coupling was assumed between the bearings and the rotor pedestal. Rotating speed is used as the control parameter to observe various forms of vibrations.

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With the evolution Information and communication technology (ICT), the mechanism of governance has change. E-governance has evolve has a powerful tool to bring in transparency, reduce corruption and increase administrative efficiency. The movement received compliments with the evolution of cloud-computing technology. The concept of cloud computing becomes important for each government to facilitate its way of work, increasing its productivity and all that leading to cost savings. Strategy of implementation differs from nation to nation for adoption of cloud computing. In this paper, we briefly analyze the India’s initiative of implementing cloud computing technique “MeghRaj” and issues’ pertaining to it.

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“Cloud” computing – a relatively recent term, builds on decades of research in virtualization, distributed computing, utility computing, and more recently networking, web and software services. It implies a service oriented architecture, reduced information technology overhead for the end-user, great flexibility, reduced total cost of ownership, on-demand services and many other things. This paper discusses the concept of “cloud” computing, some of the issues it tries to address, related research topics, and a “cloud” implementation available today.

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Fifth generation wireless network is the foremost period of mobile telecommunication standards ahead of current 4G standards. Some of concepts which make 5G wireless Technology different from current 4G wireless Technology. The wireless Industries busy with the 4th generation cellular Networks. 5G technologies will change the way most high-bandwidth users access theirphones. With 5G pushed over a VOIP-enabled device, people will experience a levelof call volume and data transmission never experienced before.5G technology isoffering the services in Product Engineering, Documentation, supporting electronictransactions (e-Payments, e-transactions) etc. As the customer becomes more andmore aware of the mobile phone technology, he or she will look for a decent packageall together, including all the advanced features a cellular phone can have. Hence thesearch for new technology is always the main motive of the leading cell phone giantsto out innovate their competitors. Recently apple has produced shivers all around theelectronic world by launching its new handset, the I-phone. Features that are gettingembedded in such a small piece of electronics are huge. In addition great evolution of 1G to 4G and 5G, Introduction to 5G technologies, need for 5G technologies, advantage of 5G network technology,5G network architecture.

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Password Persuasive Cued Click Point (PPCCP) is a module that facilitates authentication for desktop-based applications and also provides a single-machine licensing facility. PPCCP comprises several functionalities to thwart attackers, such as persuasive click points with password protection. It includes techniques to protect against malware such as key loggers and also to resist from debuggers that run on desktop computers. Spearman rank correlation is used for detection of key loggers. There are functionalities used to secure desktop applications such as time constraint and user selection.

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In the today’s world, the amount of the data is been increasing tremendously. In order to analyse the data and make decisions on the data, data residing at the different sources are integrated by providing users. The data integration is the solution for above said problem. The complete data integration solution encompasses the discovering, monitoring, transforming and delivery of the data from a variety of sources. This paper deals with various approaches of the data integration to resolve the semantic heterogeneity using ontology. Various levels of ontology based data integration techniques are reviewed and the issues are summarized. Different metrics and the approaches are also discussed to improve the data quality using biomedical database.

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