Fractal Geometry-Inspired Microstrip Patch Antenna Design for Vehicular Communication

The paper introduces a new kind of fractal microstrip antenna for short-range communication in a specific frequency band (5.850–5.925 GHz) (IEEE 802.11p) used for vehicular communication. The proposed structure of antenna is obtained by etching and modifying a rectangular shape, cutting certain patterns in the corners, and carving out smaller shapes. To achieve the final design the resultant configuration is achieved through a sequential process. Initially, a 50% scaling transformation is applied to the original square shape, followed by the removal of rectangle from all corners. Finally, this modified structure is combined with its 45-degree rotated version, resulting in the ultimate configuration. A achieve good linearly polarization and desirable S11 characteristics, we carved four rectangular diagonal grooves and four interconnected elliptical thin cuts in a specific fractal pattern. The proposed antenna designed this using a single-layered Roger 5880 PCB material [εr=2.2] and simulated it using CST Microwave Studio 2019. The proposed antenna provides a return loss of -23.45 dB, VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) of 1.14, Directivity of 7.45dB and a gain of 5.34 dB at the operating frequency 5.9 GHz.