Unveiling Power Reduction Techniques in VLSI Physical Design: A Comprehensive Review

As semiconductor devices become more complex, power consumption in VLSI physical design is a significant challenge. This paper examines power reduction approaches, focusing on multibit flip flops, gate resizing, multi-threshold voltage design, and clock gating. The goal is to reduce power while maintaining performance in high-performance, energy-efficient integrated circuits. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of power reduction techniques in VLSI architectures. It provides insights into the applicability and impact of multibit flip flops, gate resizing, multi-threshold voltage design, and clock gating. Multibit flip flops combine single-bit flip flops, resulting in area savings, reduced clock tree power, and minimized global congestion. Gate resizing optimizes gate sizes for a balance between power consumption and performance. Multi-threshold voltage design utilizes different voltage levels in different circuit sections to reduce power dissipation. Clock gating involves selectively disabling clock signals to inactive circuit elements, conserving power. By thoroughly examining these power reduction techniques, this research paper aims to contribute to the existing body of knowledge in VLSI physical design and provide valuable insights for designers and researchers in their quest for energy-efficient and high-performance integrated circuits.