Optimization of Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) protocol

In the wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the sensor nodes (called motes) are usually scattered in a sensor field an area in which the sensor nodes are deployed. These motes are small in size and have limited processing power, memory and battery life. The motes in these networks are coordinate to produce high quality in formation and each of these scattered motes has the capabilities to collect and routed at aback to the bases stations, which are fixed or mobile. In WSNs, conservation of energy, which is directly related to network life time, is considered relatively more important souse of energy efficient routing algorithms is one of the ways to reduce the energy conservation. In general, routing algorithms in WSNs can be divided into flat, hierarchical and location based routing. In flat, all nodes are assigned equal roles. In hierarchical, however, nodes will play different roles in the network. While in location based routing, sensor nodes are addressed by means of their locations. The main objective of this major project is to optimize the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) protocol. There are two reasons behind the hierarchical routing be in explored. One, the sensor networks are dense and a lot of redundancy is involved in communication. Second, in order to increase the scalability of the sensor network keeping in mind the security aspects of communication. Cluster based routing holds great promise for many to one and one to many communication paradigms that are pre valentines or networks. In this major project, the work has been carried out is implementation of flat based Flooding and Gossiping routing protocols using TinyOS Simulator (TOSSIM), implementation of LEACH routing protocol using NS2 simulator and finally some modifications in LEACH routing protocol in order to improve the performance of the LEACH protocol. The results were then analyzed based on the suggested evaluation metrics in order to verify their suitability for use in wireless sensor networks.