Review Paper on CFD Analysis of Automobile Radiator to Improve its Thermal Efficiency

Radiators are heat exchangers used to transfer thermal energy from one medium to another for the purpose of cooling and heating. Radiators are used for cooling internal combustion engines, mainly in automobiles but also in piston-engine aircraft, railway locomotives, stationary generating plant or any similar use of such an engine. The flow behavior & temperature profile prediction in the radiator tubes are very useful information & is of great importance to the designer. For the preliminary design, the performance of the radiator can be accessed through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). CFD is a science that can be helpful for studying fluid flow, heat transfer, chemical reactions etc by solving mathematical equations with the help of numerical analysis. CFD employs a very simple principle of resolving the entire system in small cells or grids and applying governing equations on these discrete elements to find numerical solutions regarding pressure distribution temperature gradients, flow parameters and the like in a shorter time at a lower cost because of reduced required experimental work. In this paper, research papers has been studied and finalized that the various coolants (Nanofluids) affects efficiency of radiator at various mass flow rate. The CFD gives the exact results to study the effect of mass flow rate, pitch of tubes and coolants (Nanofluids). The coolants properties play significant roles in the improvement of radiator performance.