Architecture and Localization Scheme for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) provide a new opportunities to examine and predict the activities of aquatic environments. Some applications such as target tracking , disaster prevention etc where sensed data is worthless without any location information. Localization is the process of estimating the location of each node in a sensor network. In underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) determining the location of each sensor is of critical importance. Various localization algorithms have been proposed for terrestrial sensor networks, there are comparatively few localization schemes for UWSNs and even fewer for polar environments under ice. Numerous localization protocols currently exist for terrestrial applications. However, there are prohibitive obstacles which prevent the application of terrestrial-oriented localization techniques to an underwater environment. In this paper, for extending the field in underwater environments, we study various sensor localization technique for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). In underwater environments, radio frequency (RF) signal is not suitable for underwater usage because of extremely limited propagation. Since for that reason UWSNs should be constituted with acoustic modems. This work is about improving Localization mechanisms in Underwater Sensing Networks and node traceback.