Design and Development of Reconfigurable Patch Antenna for Wireless Communication

As the usage of wireless communication increases day by day number of antennas or single antenna with multiple functions has become inevitable. Microstrip patch antenna is widely used in telecommunication ,personal communication and wireless communication fields it is narrowband wide beam antenna fabricated by etching antenna element pattern in metal trace bounded to insulating dielectric substrate such as printed circuit board with continuous metal layer bounded to opposite side of substrate which forms ground plane. In this project we modified simple patch antenna with E shape and H shape patterns and attempts to reconfigure both patch antennas using electrically reconfigurable antenna where we are using pin diode for reconfiguration. We have designed patch antenna on FR4 substrate with dielectric constant 4.4, thickness 1.56mm with frequency of 2.4GHz and for this design we have used Microstrip line feeding. The simulation tool we used for design of patch antenna is IE3D as it is user friendly. In this project by narrowing the radiation pattern we increased the gain and directivity and decreased the return loss of an antenna.