An Effective Mobile Data Collection for Wireless Sensor Network using Multi Cluster Elective- Dual Data Uploading Algorithm

In this paper a three-layer structure is proposed for mobile data collection in wireless sensor networks, which contains the sensor layer, cluster head layer, and mobile collector (called SenCar) layer. The framework employs circulated load balanced clustering and dual data uploading, which is referred to as ELBC-DDU. The objective is to complete good scalability, and low data collection expectancy. At the sensor layer, a distributed load balanced clustering (ELBC) algorithm is proposed for sensors to self-consolidate themselves into clusters. In contrast to existing clustering methods, the structure generates multiple cluster heads in each cluster to balance the work load and facilitate dual data uploading. At the cluster head layer, the bury-cluster transmission range is carefully chosen to guarantee the connectivity among the clusters. Many cluster heads within a cluster cooperate with each other to perform energy-saving bury-cluster communications. Through bury-cluster transmissions, cluster head information is forwarded to SenCar for its moving trajectory planning. At the mobile gatherer layer, SenCar is equipped with two antennas, which enables two cluster heads to synchronously upload data to SenCar in each time by applying multi-user multiple-input and multiple-output (MU-MIMO) procedure. The trajectory planning for SenCar is improved to fully utilize dual data uploading capability by correctly selecting polling points in each cluster. By visiting each selected polling point, SenCar can efficiently collect data from cluster heads and transport the data to the fixed data sink. Extensive simulations are conducted to calculate the success of the proposed scheme. The results show that when each cluster has atmost two cluster heads, the scheme achieves over more drive saving per node and more energy saving on cluster heads comparing with data gathering through multi-hop relay to the static data sink.