A Review on Meta Material Based Microstrip Patch Antennas

Nowadays, demand for compact, high gain, wide bandwidth and low cost antennas has increased rapidly. An antenna is a transducer that converts electrical signals to EM waves and radiates into space. The performance of an antenna is measured by its parameters namely bandwidth, gain, efficiency, return loss etc. High gain and wider bandwidth makes an antenna efficient. There are several types of antennas available but microstrip patch antennas are widely used for many applications because of its low profile, light weight, low cost, feed-line flexibility, versality, ease of fabrication etc. Even though it has several advantages, it suffers from two major drawbacks namely narrow bandwidth and low gain. In order to overcome these drawbacks, metamaterials are used. Apart from metamaterials, several other techniques have also been implemented for improving antenna parameters. This paper deals with the variations in antenna parameters for different Metamaterial structures loaded over microstrip patch antennas.