Detecting Power Grid Synchronization Failure on Sensing Bad Voltage or Frequency

In this paper, we present the development of a system to detect the synchronization failure of any external supply source to the power grid on sensing the abnormalities in frequency and voltage. There are several power generation units connected to the grid such as hydel, thermal, solar etc. to supply power to the load. These generating units need to supply power according to the rules of the grid. These rules involve maintaining a voltage variation within limits and also the frequency. So it is preferable to have a system which can warn the grid in advance so that alternate arrangements are kept on standby to avoid complete grid failure. This prevents in large scale brown out or black out of the grid power. So, it is preferable to have a system which can warn the grid in advance so that alternate arrangements are kept on standby to avoid complete grid failure. The microcontroller monitors the under/over voltage being derived from a set of comparators and a standard Arduino is used to vary the input voltage to test the functioning of the paper. A lamp load (indicating a predictable blackout, brownout) being driven from the microcontroller in case of voltage/frequency going out of acceptable range. Further the project can be enhanced by using power electronic devices to isolate the grid from the erring supply source by sensing cycle by cycle deviation for more sophisticated means of detection.