Due to the higher energy demand, constrict emission norms and shortage in oil resources led the researchers to find alternative fuels for IC engines. Many alternatives fuels such as Alcohols, Biodiesel, LPG, CNG, etc. already have been developed and commercialized. In this context, the pyrolysis oil obtained from the waste tyre is receiving renewed interest. The properties of the Tyre pyrolysis oil was compared with the petroleum products and found that it can also be used as a fuel for diesel engine. So, tyre pyrolysis oil can be used as an alternate fuel in a diesel engine. The present paper represents the literature review for enhancing the performance and emission of the compression ignition engine for the blend of pyrolysis oil of tyre and diesel fuel.

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Cracks in concrete are irreversible and are one of the naturally weaknesses of concrete. Bacillus Pasteruii, a common soil bacterium induce the precipitation of calcite exhibited its positive potential in selectively consolidating simulated fractures in the consolidation of sand. A compression, flexural and durability tested on mortar cubes and concrete beams treated with bacteria were studied. The effect of different depth of crack on the compression, flexural and durability of concrete was studied. It was found that all the increase in depth of crack reduce the strength of cubes and beams.

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Rammed earth offers an economical and sustainable alternative to concrete. The problem like shrinkage, proper soil selection, low compressive strength, cracking, durability aspects is rammed earth construction. One way to address these problems is to stabilize rammed earth. The primary objective of this study is to make use of the RHA(waste material) with NS and understand its effects on the geotechnical properties, compressive strength & weathering. The proctor tests results indicates that with the increase in RHA percentage there was an increase in the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) and reduction in the Maximum Dry Density (MDD). The cube compressive strength values decreased with subsequent addition of RHA to its maximum at 5% RHA. The deterioration is increases with increasing in RHA content

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In engineering problems surface roughness is often neglected for the sake of simplicity of model and to reduce time, but surface roughness plays an important role in many engineering applications like MEMS, Thermal Contact Conductance, and Insulation etc. In this paper, modeling of surface roughness is done in Ansys 13 and effect of surface roughness on contact pressure is shown. The rough surface model created as array of asperities with the same radius of asperities and same asperity height, which is assumed to be following Gaussian distribution. The modeling is done for surface roughness 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 μm. The effect of surface roughness on contact pressure is shown by comparison of contact pressure of 1 and 5 μm roughness. Physical dimension of the two body contacting each other is 1 X 1 X 6 mm. The pressure applied on the body is 1.8MPa with consideration of other body with fix support.

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World is facing two important problems, one is Energy crises and another one is Pollution. Day by day increasing number of industrialization and number of automobiles causes these two problems. In this study, before treatment as Exhaust Gas Recirculation and after treatment system as Catalytic converter used with Karanja Biodiesel in CIDI engine. This study investigate the suitable use of Karanja Biodiesel in conventional diesel engine and exhaust emissions like carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbon (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) reduced simultaneously by the systems.

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The Aim of this paper is to replace furrow Irrigation system by Drip irrigation system to improve qualitative parameters of cotton crop at its different physiological stages. (Germination, Initial Vegetative, Flowering, Boll development and Maturity).As we are knowing furrow irrigation system requires more water than drip irrigation system. Our region is affected with drought once in every four year. Cotton crop needs continuous water for duration of 140 to 160 days in between May to October. In month of May and June water table is going down and all Water resources are at its bottom level during season of summer.

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In this Paper we analyze WSNs and show that it's possible to achieve better performances in terms of energy consumption and latency. Event aggregation in WSNs is a process of combining several low-level events into a high-level event to eliminate redundant information to be transmitted and thus save energy. Existing works on event aggregation consider either latency constraint or aggregation function, but not both. Moreover, existing works only consider optimal aggregation for single high level event, but many applications are composed of multiple high-level events. This paper studies the problem of aggregating multiple high-level events in WSNs with different latency constraints and aggregation functions. We propose relation matrix to define aggregation function, which describes the similarity among limited number of primitive events rather than the growing number of high-level events. Based on it, we propose an event aggregation algorithm jointly considering the two issues for single high-level event. This algorithm supports partial aggregation which is more general than fully aggregation. Through selection the optimal base events, the work is extended to multiple high level events and consider the practical reliable constraint. The simulation results show that our algorithm outperforms existing approaches and saves significant amount of energy (up to 35% in our system).

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