The World Wide Web contains an increasing amount of websites which in turn contains increasing number of web pages. When a user visits a new website he/she has to go through large number of web pages to meet their requirements. Web usage mining is the process of extracting useful knowledge from the server logs. This useful knowledge can be applied to target marketing and in the design of web portals. A Recommender system is one of the best web usage mining Application which reduces the difficulties faced by the users to meet their requirements .It recommends the pages of interest to the user. This survey paper includes the survey of different clustering and biclustering techniques. Also we will discuss the biclustering approach which has some advantages over the traditional clustering approach.

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A reversible gate has the equal number of inputs and outputs and one-to-one mappings between input vectors and output vector, thus the vector of input states can be always reconstructed from the vector of output states. A gate with k inputs and k outputs is called a k*k gate. Reversible logic Gate has one of the most important approaches for the power factor with its application in low power VLSI design. The Quantum computing having with applications in the domains like Nano-technology, Cryptography and Communications. It`s also called as lossless circuits. In this paper addition operation is realized using reversible logic gates like DKG gate. Here we implement 4-Bit Full adder using DKG reversible logic gate.

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Literature survey is the most important for understanding and gaining much more knowledge about specific area of a subject. Content based image retrieval (CBIR) deals with the problem of searching for digital images from large databases. CBIR is also known as Query By Image Content (QBIC). CBIR works on basis of extracting low level features of an image such as color, texture and shape and compares similarity measures with feature database for finding relevant image retrieval from large database. This survey covers various low level features extraction techniques and distance measures methods.

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An Ad Hoc network is the network of selfconfiguring nodes without having fixed infrastructure. Each node acts as a system and router. Many of the routing protocols of Ad Hoc network are designed based on the assumption that every node forwards every packet but practically many of them act as selfish nodes, they use network and its service but don't cooperate with other nodes so as to save resources for themselves. This report discusses the types of availability attack, malicious activity of selfish node, a Survey of techniques used to detect selfishness attack and some approach to detect selfishness attack. Here i will implement the selfishness attack and analyze its effect on the Packet delivery ratio, End to End Delay and throughput. I will also implement and design the credit based algorithm to detect and overcome the activity of selfish nodes.

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In the wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the sensor nodes (called motes) are usually scattered in a sensor field an area in which the sensor nodes are deployed. These motes are small in size and have limited processing power, memory and battery life. The motes in these networks are coordinate to produce high quality in formation and each of these scattered motes has the capabilities to collect and routed at aback to the bases stations, which are fixed or mobile. In WSNs, conservation of energy, which is directly related to network life time, is considered relatively more important souse of energy efficient routing algorithms is one of the ways to reduce the energy conservation. In general, routing algorithms in WSNs can be divided into flat, hierarchical and location based routing. In flat, all nodes are assigned equal roles. In hierarchical, however, nodes will play different roles in the network. While in location based routing, sensor nodes are addressed by means of their locations. The main objective of this major project is to optimize the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) protocol. There are two reasons behind the hierarchical routing be in explored. One, the sensor networks are dense and a lot of redundancy is involved in communication. Second, in order to increase the scalability of the sensor network keeping in mind the security aspects of communication. Cluster based routing holds great promise for many to one and one to many communication paradigms that are pre valentines or networks. In this major project, the work has been carried out is implementation of flat based Flooding and Gossiping routing protocols using TinyOS Simulator (TOSSIM), implementation of LEACH routing protocol using NS2 simulator and finally some modifications in LEACH routing protocol in order to improve the performance of the LEACH protocol. The results were then analyzed based on the suggested evaluation metrics in order to verify their suitability for use in wireless sensor networks.

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Protective distance relays, which make use of impedance measurements in order to determine the presence and location of faults. The resistance introduces an error in the fault distance estimate, and hence may create an unreliable operation of a distance relay. A new compensation method based on fault resistance calculation is presented. The fault resistance calculation is based on monitoring the active power at the relay point. The compensated fault impedance measures accurately the impedance between the relay location and the fault point. This new compensation method avoids the under-reach problem in ground distance relays. MATLAB/SIMULINK‟S Power System Block set (PSB) is used for detailed modeling of a power system network and fault simulation. A 400 KV, 300 km transmission line is selected as example for fault simulation and suggested approach is tested using different fault types and proven successful identification for the type of fault.

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