In this paper, we present an overview of existing intrusion detection techniques. All these algorithms are described more or less on their own. Intrusion detection system is a very popular and computationally expensive task. We also explain the fundamentals of intrusion detection system. We describe today's approaches for intrusion detection system. From the broad variety of efficient techniques that have been developed we will compare the most important ones. We will systematize the techniques and analyze their performance based on both their run time performance and theoretical considerations. Their strengths and weaknesses are also investigated. It turns out that the behavior of the algorithms is much more similar as to be expected.

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In this paper, we are proposing a modified algorithm for classification. This algorithm is based on the concept of the decision trees. The proposed algorithm is better then the previous algorithms. It provides more accurate results. We have tested the proposed method on the example of patient data set. Our proposed methodology uses greedy approach to select the best attribute. To do so the information gain is used. The attribute with highest information gain is selected. If information gain is not good then again divide attributes values into groups. These steps are done until we get good classification/misclassification ratio. The proposed algorithms classify the data sets more accurately and efficiently.

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Frequent pattern mining is very important for business organizations. The major applications of frequent pattern mining include disease prediction and analysis, rain forecasting, profit maximization, etc. In this paper, we are presenting a new method for mining frequent patterns. Our method is based on a new compact data structure. This data structure will help in reducing the execution time.

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Cloud security is nowadays is a burning research topic. In this paper, we present an survey overview of existing cloud security algorithms. All these algorithms are described more or less on their own. Cloud security is a very popular task. We also explain the fundamentals of sequential rule mining. We describe today's approaches for cloud security. From the broad variety of efficient algorithms that have been developed we will compare the most important ones. We will systematize the algorithms and analyse their performance based on both their run time performance and theoretical considerations. Their strengths and weaknesses are also investigated. It turns out that the behaviour of the algorithms is much more similar as to be expected.

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This paper demonstrated the power quality & voltage stability problems associated with the renewable based distribution generation systems and how the Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device such as Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) play an important role in Power Quality Improvement. First we simulated the wind farm system without STATCOM and after the system simulated with STATCOM. We use the MATLAB/Simulink software for Simulation.

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Artificial neural network play an important role in VLSI circuit to find and diagnosis multiple fault in digital circuit. In this paper, the example of single layer and multi-layer neural network had been discussed secondly implement those structure by using verilog code and same idea must be implement in mat lab for getting number of iteration and verilog code gives us time taken to adjust the weight when error become almost equal to zero. The purposed aim at reducing resource requirement, without much compromises on the speed that neural network can be realized on single chip at lower cost.

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Basically, the idea behind this system is improvement in cybernetics, the biometric person identification technique based on the pattern of the human iris is well suited to be applied to access control. The human eye is sensitive to visible light. Security systems having realized the value of biometrics for two basic purposes: to verify or identify users. In this busy world, identification should be fast and efficient. In this paper I focus on an efficient methodology for identification and verification for iris detection using Haar transform and Minimum hamming distance. I use canny operator for the edge detection. This biological phenomenon contracts and dilates the two pupils synchronously when illuminating one of the eyes by visible light .I applied the Haar wavelet compressing the data. By comparing the quantized vectors using the Hamming Distance operator, we determine finally whether two irises are similar. The result shows that system is quite effective.

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the CRC or cyclic redundancy check is a widely used technique for error checking in many protocols used in data transmission. The aim of this project is to design the CRC RTL generator or a tool that calculates the CRC equations for the given CRC polynomials and generates the Verilog RTL code .This block deals with the calculation of equations for standard polynomials like CRC-4, CRC-8, CRC-16, CRC-32 and CRC-48, CRC-64 and also user defined proprietary polynomial. To use PERL as the platform it also aims at having a simpler user interface. To generate the RTLs for any data width and for any standard polynomial or user defined polynomial, this design aims to be complete generic. The RTLs generated by this tool are verified by System Verilog constrained random testing to make it more robust and reliable.

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This paper presents a new approach for controlling digital television using a real-time camera. Proposed method uses a camera, a mobile ARM platform and computer vision technology, such as image segmentation and gesture recognition, to control TV operations such as changing channels, increasing or decreasing volume etc. For this we have used an ARM based mobile platform with OMAP processor. For processing the images we implemented the code using OpenCV library. Hand detection is one of the important stages for applications such as gesture recognition and hand tracking. In this paper, it proposes a new method to extract hand region and consequently the fingertips from color images.

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This paper will review the works on Surface Electromyography (SEMG) signal acquisition and controlling as well as the uses of SEMG signals analysis for Transfemoral amputee's people. In the beginning, this paper will briefly go through the basic theory of myoelectric signal generation. Next, the signal acquisition & filtering techniques applied for SEMG signal will be explained. Then after this EMG signal control or actuate the myoelectric leg who was suffering from Transfemoral amputee using microcontroller. This paper gives the better controlling SEMG signal and also very smooth and easy controlling of the Prosthetic leg motor using Myoelectric Controller.

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The proportional- integral-derivative (PID) control is the most used algorithm to regulate the armature current and speed of cascade Control system in motor drives. The controller uses two PID controllers. One PI controller is for speed control and second PID controller for current control in cascade structure. Inner loop is for the current control which is faster than the outer loop. Outer loop is for speed control. The output of the encoder is compared with a preset reference speed. The output of the PI controller is summed and is given as the input to the current controller.

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In this paper we have developed a platform to remotely monitor and control PLC-based processes over web and GSM network. It will be great benefit if we control the process plant through remote monitoring and controlling. In recent years the development of industrial automation through remote monitoring and controlling has been increased. The proposed system is made possible by the use of PLC, Microcontroller, GSM modem, Ethernet Module, and other elements. The main aim of the remote monitoring and controlling is when a critical failure occurs notifications are generated and send to the expert via SMS and internet message with the help of GSM modem and through internet. The remote controlling of process is now much required control to use expert man power. The challenge here is to establish a proper serial and Ethernet communication between PLC and Microcontroller via appropriate protocol and also to integrate conventional process with recent communication technologies along with advancements in wireless and internet technology.

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Machine Learning is a growing field today in AI. We discuss use of a Supervised Learning algorithm called as Regression Learning in this paper for ranking. Regression Learning is used as Prediction Model. The values of dependent variable are predicted by Regression Model based on values of Independent Variables. By Regression Learning if after Experience E, program improves its performance P, then program is said to be doing Regression Learning. We chose to use Linear Regression for Ranking and discuss approaches for Rank Regression Model Building by selecting best Ranking parameters from Knowledge and confirming their selection further by performing Regression Analysis during Model building. Example is explained. Analysis of Results and we discuss the Combined Regression and Ranking approach how it is better for enhancing use of Linear Regression for Ranking purpose. We conclude and suggesting future work Ranking and Regression.

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Digital watermarking is the process of hiding information in a carrier signal. An audio watermarking is a kind digital watermarking over which the carrier signal is audio. Here in this paper, an advanced audio watermarking scheme called additive interpolation-error expansion technique is proposed. The paper proposes a successful method for embedding and extraction of binary bits and text in audio wav file.

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The isolation of passenger from road irregularities is the primary focus of suspension system development. A half-car model, consisting of the front and rear wheels in tandem, is used in this study. This system is used to study pitching of the vehicle body in addition to the dynamics of individual wheels. A pneumatic actuator placed parallel to the conventional spring and damper counters the force imparted by the road to the tyre by generating an opposing force. This actuator is controlled actively by PID controller which is capable of incorporating feedback from relevant data points on the model. The study is carried out at multiple road speeds to study the effect of vehicle speed variations on the suspension system. Simulation of the above model shows that there is significant improvement in the dynamics of the vehicle when the actively controlled pneumatic actuator is used.

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high density, VLSI chips have led to rapid and innovative development in low power design during the recent years .The need for low power design is becoming a major issue in high performance digital systems such as microprocessor, digital signal processor and other applications. For these applications, Multiplier is the major core block. Based on the Multiplier design, an efficient processor is designed. Power and area efficient multiplier using CMOS logic circuits for applications in various digital signal processors is designed. This multiplier is implemented using Vedic multiplication algorithms mainly the "UrdhvaTriyakBhyam sutra., which is the most generalized one Vedic multiplication algorithm [1] . A multiplier is a very important element in almost all the processors and contributes substantially to the total power consumption of the system. The novel point is the efficient use of Vedic algorithm (sutras) that reduces the number of computational steps considerably compared with any conventional method . The schematic for this multiplier is designed using TANNER TOOL. Paper presents a systematic design methodology for this improved performance digital multiplier based on Vedic mathematics.

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Cloud computing have high demand due to waste and huge data usage of clients. The privacy and security become major concern on the outsourced cloud data storage. The attribute based encryption schemes are used recently for access control of outsourced cloud data. It has highly inflexible in implementing complex access control policies. The existing work presented Hierarchical attribute set based Encryption (HASBE) that extended cipher-text policy attribute set based encryption (ASBE) with hierarchical structure of users. It used achieve scalability, inherits flexibility, fine grained access control, and employs multiple value assignments for access expiration time, and deal with user revocation efficiently. The performance analysis is made to evaluate the computational complexity of access control for outsourced data in cloud computing. However varying of cloud service provider complicates the hierarchical access control policies. The proposal presented an Adaptive Delegation Authority model enhancement to HASBE. It is used to minimize the complexity of access control policies in changing cloud service provider. The delegation authority coordinates the data owners and consumer for easy and quick data access control. It intimates the data owners and consumers about the authority delegation. The delegation authority sends encryption standards to be followed thereafter. The simulation is carried with Cloud simulator using java to testify in the effectiveness of Adaptive Delegation Authority enhancement to HASBE.

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Objectives: The trial investigated the effects of coconut milk on stem and root cuttings of Terminalia catappa. Methodology and results: Each cutting type treated with three coconut milk concentrations (0%, 50% and 100%).The experiment was a 2x3 factorial set, six treatment combinations replicated four times and laid out in a completely randomized design. The results showed that root cuttings produced significantly more cuttings with roots, number of roots on rooted cuttings and rooted cuttings with the longest roots (P<0.05) at 14 weeks after planting. Although cuttings treated with 100% coconut milk produced more cuttings with roots, number of roots on rooted cuttings and rooted cuttings with the longest roots, their results were not significantly better (P>0.05) than those treated with 50% and 0% coconut milk. There was a significant interaction (P<0.05) between cutting type and coconut milk concentration on the number of cuttings with roots, number of roots on rooted cuttings and rooted cuttings with the longest roots. Stem cuttings produced significantly more leaves (P<0.05) at 14 weeks after planting. Conclusion and recommendation: There was a significant interaction (P<0.05) between cutting type and coconut milk concentration on the number of leaves produced. It was recommend that root cuttings treated with 100% coconut milk should be used for vegetative propagation programs of the species.

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Advanced encryption standard was accepted as a Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) standard. In traditional look up table (LUT) approaches, the unbreakable delay is longer than the total delay of the rest of operations in each round. LUT approach consumes a large area. It is more efficient to apply composite field arithmetic in the SubBytes transformation of the AES algorithm. It not only reduces the complexity but also enables deep sub pipelining such that higher speed can be achieved. Isomorphic mapping can be employed to convert GF(28) to GF(22)2)2) ,so that multiplicative inverse can be easily obtained. SubBytes and InvSubBytes transformations are merged using composite field arithmetic. It is most important responsible for the implementation of low cost and high throughput AES architecture. As compared to the typical ROM based lookup table, the presented implementation is both capable of higher speeds since it can be pipelined and small in terms of area occupancy (137/1290 slices on a Spartan III XCS200-5FPGA).

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Power systems are subject to a wide range of small or large disturbances during operating conditions. Small changes in loading conditions occur continually. The power system must adjust to these changing conditions and continue to operate satisfactorily and within the desired limits of voltage and frequency. The power system should be designed to survive larger types of disturbances, such as faults, loss of a large generator, or line switching. Certain system disturbances may cause loss of synchronism between a generator and rest of the utility system, or between interconnected power systems of neighboring utilities. If such a loss of synchronism occurs, it is imperative that the generator or system areas operating asynchronously are separated immediately to avoid widespread outages and equipment damage. Here it is described to distinguish between power swing and real fault. It is also discussed recent enhancements in the design of out of step tripping and blocking protection functions that improve the security and reliability of the power system. In addition to that the behavior of distance relay element during power swing and during fault is simulated using MATLAB and SIMULINK simulations.

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Experimental investigation on resistance spot welding has been carried out using 33full factorial method. Stainless steel 304 has been considered for experimental work. The spot welding input parameters, which are considered for this work are welding current, cycle time and thickness, however tensile strength of nugget has been taken as output parameter. Results show that Welding current has significant impact on the tensile strength of nugget.

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In last few years extensive research work has been done in the field of routing protocols for Ad-hoc Network. Various routing protocols have been evaluated in different network conditions using different performance metrics. A lot of research has been done how to modify standard routing protocol in ad-hoc network to improve its performance. The hop count is not only metric that gives efficient routing path. There are various modified protocols which make the use of other parameters along with hop count to select the best routing path to the destination. In standard Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol only hop count is used for selecting the routing path. In this paper we have studied variants of AODV protocols with modified routing metric.

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A Power quality problem is an occurrence manifested as a nonstandard voltage, current or frequency that results in a failure or a disoperation of end use equipment. Utility distribution networks, sensitive industrial loads, and critical commercial operations all suffer from various types of outages and service interruptions which can cost significant financial loss per incident based on process down-time, lost production, idle work forces, and other factors. With the restructuring of Power Systems and with shifting trend towards Distributed and Dispersed Generation, the issue of Power Quality is going to take newer dimensions. The aim therefore, in this work, is to identify the prominent concerns in the area and thereby to recommend measures that can enhance the quality of the power, keeping in mind their economic viability and technical repercussions. In this paper electromagnetic transient studies are presented for the following two custom power controllers: the distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM), and the dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). Comprehensive results are presented to assess the performance of each device as a potential custom power solution.

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The use of multiple biometric sources for human recognition, referred to as multibiometrics, mitigates some of the limitations of unimodal biometric systems by increasing recognition accuracy, improving population coverage, imparting fault-tolerance, and enhancing security. In a biometric identification system, the identity corresponding to the input data (probe) is typically determined by comparing it against the templates of all identities in a database (gallery). An alternative e approach is to limit the number of identities against which matching is performed based on criteria that are fast to evaluate. We propose a method for generating fixed-length codes for indexing biometric databases. An index code is constructed by computing match scores between a biometric image and a fixed set of reference images. Candidate identities are retrieved based on the similarity between the index code of the probe image and those of the identities in the database. The number of multibiometric systems deployed on a national scale is increasing and the sizes of the underlying databases are growing. These databases are used extensively, thereby requiring efficient ways for searching and retrieving relevant identities. Searching a biometric database for an identity is usually done by comparing the probe image against every enrolled identity in the database and generating a ranked list of candidate identities. Depending on the nature of the matching algorithm, the matching speed in some systems can be slow. The proposed technique can be easily extended to retrieve pertinent identities from multimodal databases. Experiments on a chimeric face and fingerprint bimodal database resulted in an 84% average reduction in the search space at a hit rate of 100%. These results suggest that the proposed indexing scheme has the potential to substantially reduce the response time without compromising the accuracy of identification. New representation schemes that allow for faster search and, therefore, shorter response time are needed.

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According to the survey, only one third projects overrun their budget and two thirds of all major projects overrun their original estimates. To make exact prediction of software development is a critical issue and it is difficult to determine how much effort a project and project managers to analyze it. It is little bit difficult to make the estimation about the project and determine how much time and manpower a project requires in the beginning. System analysts are unable to make realistic hardware- software during the system design phase and software project personnel cannot exactly tell their proposed budget. So, it is optimistic related to software development and also it is inevitable because it compromises as a consequence. But in fact huge overruns results from inaccurate estimates that are believed to occur frequently. The entire process of developing a cost for software is not different from any other element of cost. However, aspects of the process are peculiar to software estimating. Some of the unique aspects are driven by the nature of software as a product. Other problems are created by the nature of the estimating methodologies.

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