This paper gives a conceptual perception about a device which helps the visionless or partly sighted for navigation and tracks them in case of emergencies. It is a robotics centered hurdle evading device. The device consists of a Microcontroller and obstacle sensors that avoids collision and GPS which provides location information of the visionless person. This device is capable of moving in specific direction depending upon command received by sensor input and can change the direction before hitting the obstacle. The overall concept of this paper is the result of numerous present concepts and focusing on tracking of the blind individual.

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Mechanically fastened joints are critical parts in composite aircraft structures. The composite structural members are highly used in the following applications such as aerospace, automobiles, marine, architecture etc., In the past decades, Adhesive bonding is a practical joint method for joining composite materials which provide low shear and Tensile strength .To improve the strength material joint is to be used in the work. A Glass fibre Epoxy composite is to be fabricated by hand lay-up method. And experimentally results are to be obtained. The Experimental results are to be compared with Analytical and Numerical results. For numerical analysis ANSYS software is to be used.

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The advent of emerging technologies such as Web services, service-oriented architecture, and cloud computing has enabled us to perform business services more efficiently and effectively. However, we still suffer from unintended security leakages by unauthorized actions in business services. Firewalls are the most widely deployed security mechanism to ensure the security of private networks in most businesses and institutions. The effectiveness of security protection provided by a firewall mainly depends on the quality of policy configured in the firewall. Unfortunately, designing and managing firewall policies are often error-prone due to the complex nature of firewall configurations as well as the lack of systematic analysis mechanisms and tools. In this paper, we represent an innovative policy anomaly management framework for firewalls, adopting a rule-based segmentation technique to identify policy anomalies and derive effective anomaly resolutions. We also discuss a proof-of-concept implementation of a visualization-based firewall policy analysis tool called Firewall Anomaly Management Environment (FAME). In addition, we demonstrate how efficiently our approach can discover and resolve anomalies in firewall policies through rigorous experiments using Automatic rule generation technique.

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In this research work we found that the stress concentration in rope ways or any two system having only two nodes and having load somewhere in between the nodes then the stress generated in the system is directly proportional to nodal displacement only. To have idea of such physical system we have considered practical example of rope ways in mind.

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A group of users are allowed to communicate and cooperate over a common task with the help of Collaborative Information System. Collaborative information systems (CISs) are deployed within a diverse array of environments that manage sensitive information. Recent breakthroughs in networking, storage and ubiquitous computing have facilitated an explosion in the deployment of CIS across a wide range of environments. Current security mechanisms detect insider threats but they are not efficient to monitor systems in which users function in dynamic teams. In this paper, we introduce the community anomaly detection system (CADS), an unsupervised learning Framework to detect insider threats based on the access logs of collaborative environments. A CADS consists of two components: 1) Relational pattern extraction, which derives community structures and 2) Anomaly prediction, which leverages a statistical model to determine when users have sufficiently deviated from communities. We further extend CADS into MetaCADS to account for the semantics of subjects (e.g., patients' diagnoses). Based on the analysis of result illustrates when the number of illicit users is low, MetaCADS is the best model. But as the number grows, commonly accessed semantics lead to hiding in a crowd such that CADS is more prudent.

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The security issues are the major consideration while implementing Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). Misbehavior of any node can do serious implications in this kind of dynamic network. A malicious or selfish node wants to preserve own resources along with using the services of other nodes and consumed their resources. Malicious nodes can break the rules and reduce the performance of well-behaved nodes significantly. This paper describes the different attacks and analysis of within Network Layer in MANETs.

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In Wireless Adhoc Network is a group of wireless mobile nodes is an autonomous system of mobile nodes connected by wireless links. Every node operates as an end system and as a router to forward packets. In this paper mainly focused on Mac layer because this layer is most important for the data communication using control the packet loss and we worked on the comparison based performance of wimax802.16 and wireless802.11 networks using Ad hoc on- demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol and Dynamic Source Routing Protocol. In this paper we used the different maximum speed for the network. And this comparison based on unicast On-demand routing procedure and our simulation for mobile ad hoc networks discover and maintain only needed the design and follows the idea that each node by sending routing packets whenever a communication is requested and compared various parameter packet delivery ratio, normalized routing load and e-e delay. These simulations are carried out using the Network simulator version-2. The results presented in this work illustrate the importance in carefully evaluating and implementing routing protocols in an ad hoc environment.

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Tungsten inert gas welding is one of the widely used techniques for joining ferrous and non-ferrous metals. TIG welding offers several advantages like joining of dissimilar metals, low heat affected zone, absence of slag etc. Gas tungsten arc welding, GTAW, uses a non consumable electrode to produce the weld. Weld area is protected from atmospheric contamination by a shielding gas (usually inert gas such as argon) and a filler material is normally used. The weld pool is easily controlled such that unbaked root passes can be made, the arc is stable at very low welding currents enabling thin components to be welded and the process produces very good quality weld metal, although highly skilled welders are required for the best results. The welding parameters are selected by operator based on experience or from a handbook. However, this does not ensure that the selected welding process parameters can produce the optimal or near optimal weld pool geometry for that particular welding machine and environment. The aim of this paper is to review the techniques of optimizing process parameters of TIG welding process.

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With the tremendous increase of network-based services and information sharing on networks, network security is getting more and more importance than ever. Intrusion poses a serious security risk in a network environment. The human classification of the available network audit data instances is usually tedious, time consuming and expensive. Data mining has become a very useful technique for detecting network intrusions by extracting useful knowledge from large number of network data or logs. Naive Bayes classifier is one of the most popular data mining algorithms for classification, which provides an optimal way to predict the class of an unknown example. We tested the performance of our proposed algorithm by employing KDD99 benchmark network intrusion detection dataset, and the experimental results proved that it improves detection rates as well as reduces false positives for different types of network intrusions.

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In recent years researchers have provided novel problem solving techniques based on swarm intelligence for solving difficult real world problems such as traffic, routing, networking, games, industries and economics. Artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC) was first developed by Dervis Karaboga [1]. When the robust performance is desired by means of searching something, the swarms does it better; by adaptation of greedy selection and random search. The ABC algorithm simulates the foraging behavior of honey bees. The local search in two stages in each step and global search are responsible for making this algorithm a robust search technique. The details of this algorithm are discussed here. Because of its very strong search process, computational simplicity and ease of modification according to the problem, the ABC algorithm is now finding more widespread applications in business, scientific and engineering circles. In this paper, we provide a thorough and extensive overview of most research work focusing on the application of ABC, with the expectation that it would serve as a reference material to both old and new, incoming researchers to the field, to support their understanding of current trends and assist their future research prospects and directions. Also new proposed architecture of Enhanced ABC algorithm for image ranking is also given here.

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Geospatial data is data about the geographic location of earth surface features and boundaries on Earth. Nowadays spatial data is used in every field of society and due to the advancements in spatial data acquisition technologies, such as the advancements in the satellite sensor technologies, high precision digital cameras used in the capturing of photogram metric images and high precision land surveys are producing mass high precision spatial data. Due to these issues nowadays sensitivity of spatial data has increased too many folds. To store such high precision data onto the database is a big challenge today. Major security concerns of the geospatial data are based on authorization, authentication, access control, integrity, security and secure transmission of spatial data over the network and transmission media. In this paper the major security concerns of geospatial data, various data models, introduction to Geographical Information System, GIS data models, spatial data, and spatial database. The basic objective is to developed secure access control mechanism.

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Presently on a daily basis sharing the information over web is becoming a significant issue due to security problems. Thus lots of techniques are needed to protect the shared info in academic degree unsecured channel. The present work target cryptography to secure the data whereas causing inside the network. Encryption has come up as a solution, and plays an awfully necessary role in data security. This security mechanism uses some algorithms to scramble info into unclear text which can be exclusively being decrypted by party those possesses the associated key. This paper is expounded the varied forms of algorithmic rule for encryption & decryption: DES, AES, RSA, and Blowfish. It helps to hunt out the best algorithmic rule.

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MANET is mobile adhoc network which is relay on power of network. Battery is important factor in MANET. MANET is collection of nodes which are move freely and changing the topology of network. AODV is on demand protocol. Energy of nodes is effect of network lifetime. Blind flooding in aodv which are improving contention in network also it increased higher number retransmission. In the proposed algorithm which modifies the conventional aodv which find more stable path improve the performance better than conventional AODV.

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"Forgery" is a subjective word. An image can become a forgery based upon the context in which it is used. An image altered for fun or someone who has taken a bad photo, but has been altered to improve its appearance cannot be considered a forgery even though it has been altered from its original capture. The other side of forgery are those who perpetuate a forgery for gain and prestige. They create an image in which to dupe the recipient into believing the image is real and from this they are able to gain payment and fame. Detecting these types of forgeries has become serious problem at present. To determine whether a digital image is original or doctored is a big challenge. To find the marks of tampering in a digital image is a challenging task. Now these marks of tampering can be done by various operations such as rotation, scaling, JPEG compression, Gaussian noise etc. called as attacks. There are various methods proposed in this field in recent years to detect above mentioned attacks. This paper provides a detailed analysis of different approaches and methodologies used to detect image forgery. It is also analysed that block-based features methods are robust to Gaussian noise and JPEG compression and the key point-based feature methods are robust to rotation and scaling.

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There is a growing trend of applications that ought to handle huge information. However, analysing huge information may be a terribly difficult drawback nowadays. For such data many techniques can be considered. The technologies like Grid Computing, Volunteering Computing, and RDBMS can be considered as potential techniques to handle such data. We have a still in growing phase Hadoop Tool to handle such data also. We will do a survey on all this techniques to find a potential technique to manage and work with Big Data.

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The aim of this paper is review for different optimization methods used for process parameter optimization of roller burnishing process and Taguchi approach used for process parameter optimization for various processes. The quality of burnishing processed parts are highly depends upon various process parameters of burnishing process. Hence optimization of burnishing process parameters is necessary in order to improve the quality of parts. The purpose of this paper is to explore the reviews for various optimization methods used for process parameter optimization of burnishing process and application of Taguchi approach for design of experiments.

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This paper is reports on the review of catalytic converter made of non - noble material for an automobile. The converter made of the noble material is highly efficient but there is some major problem associated with these converters. First problem is the cost of the catalytic converter increased due to high cost of the noble material. Second problem is that they are operated at the higher temperature. Third problem is that the noble material is rarely available in earth crust and hence they are exhausted one day. Due to above problem associated with the noble material there is some option required for the noble material which is easily available at the lower cost. The non - noble material (Copper, Nickel, Zinc etc.) is perfect for the use into the catalytic converter instead of the noble material as they are easily available at low cost and operated at lower temperature than the noble material.

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Environmental pollution nowadays is a major aspect to be considered. Pollution has to be avoided and there are several ways to control it. In this paper, we propose an innovative software application, via which a user can send an alert text message and location details to the garbage/waste management department in the campus and also post the same details on the dedicated web server. This information essentially helps the respective department to take care of garbage present in the campus.

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Welding is a manufacturing process, which is carried out for joining of mostly all metals. Metal inert gas (MIG) welding also known as Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process consists of heating, melting and solidification of parent metals and a filler material in localized fusion zone by a transient heat source to form a joint between the parent metals. A consumable electrode is used which also plays the role of conductor. MIG welding gives little loss of material and can be operated as semi as well as fully automated. A review of the techniques used for Design of Experiment (DOE) for this work has been indicated in this paper. Also the techniques used for obtaining optimal process parameters with the use of experimental data have been reviewed. The success of MIG welding process in terms of providing weld joints of good quality and high strength depends on the process conditions used in the setup. This review aims at identifying the main factors that have significant effect on weld joint strength and weld pool geometry (depth of penetration, weld width, etc.). The aim of this paper is to review the techniques of optimizing process parameters of MIG welding process and compare the experimental result with FEA for optimizing parameter.

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Regression testing has been receiving increasing attention nowadays. Numerous regression testing strategies have been proposed. Most of them take into account various metrics like cost as well as the ability to find faults quickly thereby saving overall testing time. In this paper, a new model called the Configuration Navigation Analysis Model is proposed which tries to consider all stakeholders and various testing aspects while prioritizing regression test cases.

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Network Forensics is scientifically proven technique to accumulate, perceive, identify, examine, associate, analyse and document digital evidence from multiple systems for the purpose of uncovering the fact of attacks and other problem incident as well as performing the action to recover from the attack. Many systems are proposed for designing the network forensic systems. In this paper we have prepared comparative analysis of various models based on different techniques.

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Electronic circuits provide us with the ability to control the transport and storage of electrons. However, the performance of electronic circuits is now becoming rather limited when digital information needs to be sent from one point to another. Photonics offers an effective solution to this problem by implementing optical communication systems based on optical fibers and photonic circuits. Unfortunately, the micrometer-scale bulky components of photonics have limited the integration of these components into electronic chips, which are now measured in nanometers. Surface plasmon-based circuits, which merge electronics and photonics at the Nano scale, may offer a solution to this size-compatibility problem. Here we review the current status and future prospects of plasmonics in various applications including plasmonic chips, light generation, and nanolithography.

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This article deals with the issues & challenges faced by the marketers while penetrating in to rural market. It also illustrates how some companies have used the different strategies to establish themselves in the rural market. The Indian rural market is full of opportunities and has seen impressive growth in recent years. A boom is being witnessed in the rural markets and a large untapped market exists there. Companies across different sectors are foraying into the burgeoning rural markets to fuel their growth engine. Companies have to ascertain the needs of those consumers and explore the potential of rural markets with appropriate marketing strategies. To understand the social dynamics and attitude variations within each village though nationally it follows a consistent pattern looking at the challenges and the opportunities which rural markets offer to the marketers it can be said that the future is very promising for those who can understand the dynamics of rural markets and exploit them to their best advantage. Largely, it can be concluded that there is huge rural market which is waiting to be served, ready to splurge, willing to explore new products and services. The corporate sector is, thus, increasingly looking towards the rural consumers and fine tuning its marketing strategies to tap on their wallets and promote their products.

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The lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks restricted by the energy level of the nodes .In traditional WSN, if a sensor node dies the base station could not able to find the dead of the node. Even if predicts it can't able to get the sensing information before it going to die. The node can dies because of animal distraction, natural disaster, battery power consumption. The base station will be in critical situation because of losing node information like identity of the node, reason for dead, and sensed information. In our proposed method the WSN nodes are arranged in cellular structure, to optimize the coverage area, reliability in getting information from the nodes and minimizing loss of information's are improved.

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The recent upgradation of newer and harder materials has made the machining task in WEDM quite challenging. Thus for the optimum use of all the resources it is essential to make the optimum use of parameters to get the best output to increase the productivity. Advances in technology have impacted with an increased cutting speed and tight tolerances in WEDM. This paper reviews the various notable works in field of WEDM and magnifies on effect of machining parameters on MRR, kerf width and surface roughness.

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