The objective of this study is to provide modern analytical and empirical tools for evaluation of the thermal-flow performance or design of air-cooled heat exchangers (ACHE) with copper material of rectangular fin shape and cooling towers. This review consists various factors which effect the performance of ACHE. A fan will be fitted perpendicular to the tube which expand cold air through the fan on tube. When the hot fluid will be flow in tube then internally groove shaped of tube due to high turbulence in fluid. The performance of the various types of fins is presented with respect to the parameters: (1) Reynolds number, (2) fin pitch, (3) fin height, (4) fin thickness, (5) tube diameter, (6) tube pitch, (7) tube type, (8) number of tube rows, and (9) effect of dehumidifying conditions. The total cost of cycle can be reduced by increasing the effectiveness of heat exchanger. In this Section the conclusions and the recommendations for the future work have been given.

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Concrete is a largely used human-made product in the world. In this modern era, cement concrete pavements are in demand as compared to bituminous pavements in highway projects. Due to the limitation of quality natural resources for making concrete, the waste utilization in the production of concrete, especially for pavements. The basic aim of this study is to characterize this GGBS and Stone Dust and utilize it in the production of concrete.

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The selection of the structure categories was made after the normal process. The two methods used for the analysis are the equivalent static measurement and the Response Spectrum .A comparative analysis of the results Found from both methods was performed based on migration, story distribution and clipping. The framework was also tested for P-analysis and adjustments required from time to time have been made after the IBC code .When the steel resistance frame was developed in accordance with IS-800: 2007 based on these analytical methods. In the process of naming this stage it has been repeated many times until all the standards specified in IS 800 have been met. The developed framework was then analyzed and the results were compared according to the categories used. The cost-effectiveness of both methods has been compared. Also the basic design that contains the base plate is made according to IS 800: 2007. Important statistics are calculated and statistics are created. The software used for analyze and design is STAAD Pro. Both at the time of design and analysis the calculations performed were performed and compared.

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In this paper the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility is discussed in depth as its an important part of a business it does impact the various aspects like social, economical, political, cultural, environmental in the society we live in. whether it’s a small business or big one what matters is its impact on the people. Business normally have a sole purpose, that is to earn profit but earning profit is not enough as taking from the society to earn by making them consumers, increasing sales but to return to the society by taking precautions through not harming environment, recycling, making use of materials that are disposable easily, having gender equality not just male female but third gender employment which creates a message to the society, promoting and developing infrastructure of the poor children and many more initiatives. All these aspects are discussed in this paper.

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Three-dimensional CFD simulations are carried out to investigate heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of a two-row plain fin-and-tube heat exchanger using ANSYS FLUENT. Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of the heat exchanger are investigated for Reynolds numbers ranging from 330 to 7200. Model geometry is created, meshed, calculated, and post-processed using ANSYS Workbench. Fluid flow and heat transfer are simulated and results compared using both laminar and turbulent flow models (k-epsilon, and SST k-omega), with steady-state solvers to calculate pressure drop, flow, and temperature fields. Model validation is carried out by comparing the simulated case friction factor f and Colburn j factor with experimental results from the literature. For friction factor determination, little difference is found between the flow models simulating laminar flow, while in transitional flow, the laminar flow model produced the most accurate results and the k-omega SST turbulence model was more accurate in turbulent flow regimes. The results of simulations for heat transfer in laminar flow using the laminar flow model are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results, while heat transfer in transitional flow is best represented with the SST k-omega turbulence model, and heat transfer in turbulent flow is more accurately simulated with the k-epsilon turbulence model. Reasonable agreement is found between the simulations and experimental data, and the ANSYS FLUENT software has been sufficient for simulating the flow fields in tube-fin heat exchangers.

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In this project the comparative study of cable stayed bridge is done using SAP software and in this project we change the material of deck girder of bridges and comparison was done on the basis of shear force, bending moment, torsion, bending stress of girders with concrete and steel and prestressed girder of same span and same loading conditions and from the analysis we conclude about the most efficient girder we make on same span and loading conditions and we conclude that steel girders are more efficient than prestressed and concrete deck girders for the same span and loading conditions which we analyse through SAP software.

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In everyday life, electricity is necessary, and appropriate utilization is critical. Over the years, existing systems have been scrutinized in order to improve residential power control. The existing PMAS approach, on the other hand, has a greater error ratio and does not provide a remote monitoring system. This study uses mobile applications to give consumers with a simple system for monitoring and controlling the power consumption of household appliances. The suggested system provides 0.6 percent current errors for the hairdryer appliance, compared to 7.8 percent current errors for the present Power Monitoring and Switching (PMAS) system. The electricity cost is one of the most important operational overheads in many commercial and industrial buildings. The design and development of a Smart Power monitoring device for monitoring the electrical parameters of Wasit university buildings, such as voltage, current, and power. The system includes a smart sensing unit that detects and controls the electrical equipment used in daily activities based on various tariff rates. It has the potential to lower consumer costs while also enhancing grid stability. A constructed model was thoroughly analyzed, with experimental results compared to those obtained using traditional measuring devices. The Arduino-based wireless power meter is a non-invasive existing meter with a WI-FI connection for domiciliary power.

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The manual energy is our basic energy which can be achieved easily by hand or by self. Sometimes due to breakdown of smart energy or electric energy the machine working is stopped suddenly in industries and companies. Here we can use the manual power to run the machinery continuously. This is the last option to continue the industry working. By using effective and light mechanisms we can make such type manual machine which may be derived by one or two workers effectively and manual power to run the machinery continuously. This is the last option to continue the industry working. By using effective and light mechanisms we can make such type manual machine which may be derived by one or two workers effectively and easily .By using different type gear ratios we can obtain the various type speeds on the machine as required.

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Several aspects of asphalt mixtures were addressed using state-of-the-art laboratory test equipment and technical literature from different information sources. In this thesis, we use the Marshall method to determine the actual percentage of the waste polythene. Black cotton soil is swelling in nature. Whenever there is a change in environmental conditions there is a change in moisture content of soil and locally available soil start showing swelling and variation in properties due to which its load-bearing strength decreases. If already there is a structure exists then there is the possibility that the structure gets damaged and if there is a plan for any construction then we have to consider the swelling behavior of the soil. There are many methods for soil stabilization adding additives limestone, fly ash, rise husk etc, or by adding chemicals or by adding fibers. A new method on which much research is going on is soil stabilization by using waste plastic as reinforced fiber. The problem of disposal of such material can be overcome by using these materials as a soil stabilizer for soil stabilization.

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This research study investigates the usage of 7D holographic images driven by monocrystalline solar panels in current advertising. The study proposes a functional model for implementing this technology, which includes solar panels, an energy storage system, 7D holographic graphics, a control unit, and a data management system. The suggested concept intends to provide a sustainable and cost-effective solution for advertising campaigns by leveraging the power of clean and renewable energy. The report also addresses the suggested model's merits and limitations and its possible influence on the advertising business. The study suggests that future research and development in this subject can assist to improve the model's performance and efficiency, making it more broadly relevant for modern advertising.

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Pineapple (Ananas Comosus) is very important tropical and sub-tropical fruit and is commercially cultivated in worldwide. The fruit has the capacity to fertilize the national as well as state economy if cultivate judicious manner. October-November is the growing season of pineapple in northern part of West Bengal. India produced 1861 thousand metric tonnes in 2017 contributing more than 7 per cent of the whole world (27402). West Bengal is the emerging state for pineapple cultivation. In terms of pineapple production West Bengal alone produced 336.11 thousand metric tonnes which is near about 17 per cent of country's total production. The study is mainly based on secondary sources of data obtained from Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), District Statistical Handbook, National Horticulture Board, indiastat.com. Etc. The study reveals that, pineapple is produced mainly in four districts of West Bengal which are Darjeeling, Uttar Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri and Coochbehar, shares more than 90 per cent of states total production. West Bengal is the leading producer of pineapple in India though it has low share of land than Assam and Manipur. In terms of productivity or yield, West Bengal (30 MT/Hectare) stand in a good position after Karnataka (62.67 MT/Hectare) and Tamil Nadu (34.05 MT/Hectare). There are many problems (inadequate farm management technique, less extension source, less scientific knowledge etc.) lies in pineapple cultivation of farmers which led to variation of yield among different states of India and West Bengal is not exception of that.

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Polyvinyl alcohol fiber material is used in the concrete so that type of concrete is called also green concrete. Because of the expansion in the development of modern areas the power necessity of the nation is quickly expanding. India relies upon nuclear energy as its principal source, consequently expanding power prerequisites consistently. The current situation of our nation shows that 75% of the nation's all out introduced power which produce from coal-based is 90%. As per the Indian standard level of fly debris in Portland cement is restricted to 15 to 35% however, we are expanding the rate up to 45%, this addition gives higher functionality and lesser strength. The increment thickness of the mortar joint will directly reduce the compressive strength of the prism. The compressive strength test on the brick masonry sample example showed that the brickwork with a 7.0 mm thick mortar joint has higher compressive strength when contrasted with 10.0mm and 15.0 mm thick mortar joints. The compressive strength testing on the cube showed that the different water-cement ratio with fly ash gives higher workability but reduced compressive strength. 35% fly ash, 0.5 w/c ratios, 7mm thickness of mortar, and 1% PVA fiber are more economical because compressive strength and workability are also high.

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Modern medicine has been waging a losing war against cancer for more than a century. Although cancer treatments have advanced significantly, they still need to be more specialized and less likely to cause systemic side effects. A technological revolution in diagnostic technologies is imminent, and improving prognosis outlook and patient quality of life requires early detection. Nanotechnology has demonstrated its ability to advance cancer treatment, radiotherapy, diagnostics, and imaging, all of which have witnessed consistent improvements. In order to develop radiation adjuvants with increased efficacy, precise early-detection instruments, and particularly focused cancer treatments, nanomaterials offer a wide variety of diversity, usefulness, and uses. The well-known cancer therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, have a number of drawbacks, including slow illness identification and out-of-area medication distribution. These therapies have a very limited power to cure and track the effects of the medicine in the human body since the exact drug concentration is not only dispersed throughout the body but also reaches the tumor location. These restrictions have been partially addressed thanks to nanotechnology. This paper discusses the existing clinical and pre-clinical Nano technological approaches for cancer drug therapy.

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This paper aims at defining the idea of soft rough set in a modified manner for strengthening the mechanism to handle the problem of uncertainty since it is an effective mathematical tool for approaching various types of unpredictability. The connection between rough set and soft set is established during the course of derivation developing related properties pertinent to this concept. In-place of an equivalence relation, a soft set is used to break the universe in to innumerable fragments for identifying each objects which leads to an approximation space called soft approximation space. In consequence soft lower approximation operator, soft upper approximation operator is introduced. Some examples are presented giving interesting properties of soft rough approximations. A comparison between the proposed method and the previous one is accomplished. The concept of soft rough approximate inclusion relation is presented and its properties are derived. Finally, four types of soft covering based rough sets have been defined by using soft neighborhoods, soft cohesion and soft inverse neighborhood along with examining related properties. In addition, soft rough set is defined in a new way without using full soft set.

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