The Distribution system is heavily loaded with Non-Linear Loads (NNLs). NNLs are the main source harmonics in distribution system, the injected harmonics distorts the voltage-current waveshape and leads to numerous power quality issues. The poor quality of supply will degrade the equipment connected, increased losses, low performances and high vulnerability in stability. Hence the harmonic mitigation is utmost important for safe and stable operation of the system. In this work review of topology and construction of one such harmonic mitigation device that is, STATCOM id presented. STATCOM is widely used in distribution system to mitigate load generated harmonics and restore the sinusoidal wave shape. As per the requirement and applications, STATCOM are available in numerous topologies. These topologies are overviewed in this paper.

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Nowadays Energy crisis due increasing energy demand, Global Warming as a result of greenhouse gas emission are biggest problem all over the world. Energy efficient system can be useful for matching the energy demand and for controlling the greenhouse gas emission. Combined heating and power generation (CHP) known as co- generation system and combined cooling, heating and power generation (CCHP) known as Tri-generation system can contribute to controlling greenhouse gas emission as well as also help re- utilizing waste heat energy cogeneration and tri generation system provide higher energy efficiency than conventional system without creating any extra pollution in environment. Use of Cogeneration and tri- generation system make use of waste heat from primary system which decrease the demand of fossil fuel and improve primary energy generation and utilization system.

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In this study Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) process parameters are optimized by using Taguchi method. Process parameters considered for the study are Gas flow rate, Welding current and Pulse frequency. AA7075 alloy has very unique properties of light weight and corrosion resistance and due to this it becomes very interesting metal in the field of engineering. AA7075 plate of rectangular shape has been used for machining operation. Performance of TIG machine has been measured by ultimate tensile strength (UTS). In Taguchi method L9 orthogonal array has been selected. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been used to determine effect of each parameter on ultimate tensile strength and micro hardness so Finally, the confirmation test has been carried out to compare the predicted value of tensile strength and micro hardness with the experimental value.

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The shoreline is a more dynamic, and complex region of all geological features present, as it has a mixed results of tidal, Aeolian, tectonic, and sometimes river in activity. A shoreline can be defined as the region where the water bodies such as lakes, seas, and oceans meet the land. It has immense geological, geomorphological and ecological interest. The coast of Karnataka state extends from Talapadi in south to Sadashivgad in north covering a distance of about 280 km. In this study, an attempt has been made to investigate the shoreline transformation along the coast of Mangalore, of a stretch of 25.3 km. Fair weather satellite images of LANDSAT from 1972 to 2021 were used to delineate the shoreline. A Linear Regression Rate-of-change (LRR) and an End Point Rate (EPR) statistics were carried out using Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) computer software of United States Geological Survey (USGS) as an extension tool of ArcMAP v10.2 software. Highest EPR of about 3.62 m/year was noticed in the Tannirbavi beach, whereas highest LRR was about 3.54 m/year in same place, both indicating accretion. Highest erosion was noticed in Ullal beach with an LRR of 5.23 m/year and EPR of 5.62 m/year at Someshwara beach respectively. An overall average accretion was found to be 1.265 m/year throughout the Mangalore coast and overall average erosion as 1.136 m/year.

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It has been evident for the past 15 years that there is less natural sand available. When natural sand is unavailable, there is environmental concern. Some artificial sands are made by crushing rocks such as granite, gneiss, dolerite, and basalt that serve as the source material. Marble and granite dust must be produced similarly to river sand in order to consume additional profits for concrete, and MD/GD must raise the strength of concrete relative to products made with an identical amount of river sand without decreasing the workability. The usage of MD & GD in civil construction projects is beneficial for a variety of tasks like building roads and manufacturing building components and materials like light aggregates and bricks/tiles. Our study offers the findings of experimental research on "Quarry sand" as well as the specifics of concrete made with Quarry sand. When the M30 Grade of concrete with and without Granit Dust and Marble Dust is subjected to tests for Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength, Split Tensile Strength, Bond Strength, and Stress Strain Curve at 28 days of curing. Granit dust and marble dust were added to conventional concrete in amounts of 15%, 25%, 40%, and 50% for M30 grade, and their strength was tested as a partial replacement for sand. According to the discussion, the maximum strength is obtained when 15% of the sand is replaced by granite dust. However, when 25% of the sand is replaced by marble dust, the maximum strength is obtained at that point, but when 25% of the sand is replaced by granite dust, the compressive strength is slightly reduced. Therefore, it is evident that good quality concrete may be produced when sand is 25% replaced by granite and marble dust. When compared to the reference mix with a 0% replacement of natural sand, all the concrete produced by substituting marble and granite dust reveals better strength.

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As of now, research center is around Magneto Rheological Fluids. Different sorts of gadgets have been intended to utilize MR fluid like direct dampers, grasps, brakes and so forth. The gadgets have been used in cars, wellbeing types of gear and in building structures. This paper is accentuation on one of its use of MR fluid in vehicle suspension. A trial evaluation is finished to show the presentation of using MR Fluids on shield of the cars. The MR dampers give a more consistent ride than that of the oem safeguard. Limiting the settling time, suspension movement, and suspension movements, the MR dampers had the choice to decrease instability of suspension math. It is found that the capability of impediment used in this examination raise by using MR Fluids, after all you should change thickness of liquid matching their applicable stream based on the impediment. Catchphrases: Applicable stream, Bingo deformation, mr Impediment, thickness.

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This project presents the influence of polymer on the visco-elastic property of the bitumen. In terms of bitumen age in a warm mix asphalt (WMA) technology. The base bitumen was VG30 and additive polymer was SBS, PP, and LDPE. All properties of binders have been determined before aging (NEAT) and after long-term aging. The research area includes the study of basic properties (Softening point, Penetration, Ductility, and viscosity). The aging process revealed the degradation process in bitumen. In order to limit the degradation of the bitumen, it is necessary to improve the quality and performance of bitumen which was achieved through the addition of polymer to the bitumen with temperature and high shear mixing with asphalts, the polymers incorporate asphalt, molecules, thereby forming a wallowed network that involves the entire in a significant improvement of visco-elastic properties compares on with those of the unmodified binders.

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The cadmium Sulphide (CdS) thin films were prepared from alkaline bath using cadmium sulphate, thiourea and ammonia as Cd²⁺, S^2- ion sources and ligand respectively. The preparative parameters such as ion concentration deposition time, pH of solution, were optimized. The structural, optical, electrical properties and the type of conductivity were studied by thermoemf measurement. From the optical absorption data, an energy gap equal to 2.46eV was found. The film deposited with ammonia concentration of 1.0 M show the highest degree of crystallinity and have a preferred orientation.

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Due to excess use of fossil fuel and waste plastic disposal and causes environment concern in all over the world. Elements of Carbon and Hydrogen are contents in hydrocarbon and both plastic and petroleum are derived fuels. In case of plastic there is long molecular chain of Carbon where as in case of LPG, petroleum, and diesel fuel it is low. Hence, we can easily convert waste plastics into the fuel. Throughout the world many researchers and companies starting to produce fuel from waste plastic by pyrolysis reaction. In U.S. only 8% plastic is recycled and 15% in western Europe and very less as compared to these in developing nations. The remaining plastic which is not cycled are thrown in the ocean or in the environment Many amounts of plastic is manufactured every year and out of which only few amounts is recycled i.e. only 33%. Only 33% plastic is recycled hence we must manage plastic waste or plastics which is buried under lands. If we buried plastic under land like this then defiantly in future, we will get plastic in mines, but currently all plastic waste does not make it into our landfills. The United Nations estimates plastic accounts for four-fifth of the accumulated garbage in the world's oceans. We need to stop polluting our oceans with plastic before it is too late, and start collecting all plastics suitable for this new fairly simple technology, a technology that is available now.

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In this work, we studied a manufacturing of random rods at a leading manufacturing company of Thermo Mechanically Treated (TMT) reinforced bars to reduce the several types of scrap like Head and End cut, Cobbles, Random rods, Melting rods and chopping. The hot billet coming from the extrusion machine is sent to the rolling mill where the TMT bars are produced; this consists of seven stages – scrap handling, Induction furnace, Continuous casting machine, Reheating Furnace, Rolling mill which contain 18 stands in which 6- Roughing, 6- Intermediate and 6- Finishing ,shear cutting and programming logical controller. During the shear cut operation performed on the billet, a large amount of scrap was being generated. To reduce this scrap and the non-value-added activities, techniques have been applied. Also, the size of the billet was changed to produce maximum production. With this, the scrap rate at the rolling mill has significantly decreased leading to a notable reduction in the cost of production.

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Because earthquakes cause significant harm and losses in terms of human life, loss or damage to structures, and loss of the economic or financial system, seismic building analysis is one of the research topics of interest today. In order to prevent seismic effects by building structures to withstand earthquakes, it is desirable to investigate seismic response with real-time history. In this study, four different vertically irregular building models were examined. Each model was examined for three different situations: without mass irregularity, with mass irregularity growing from bottom to top, and with mass irregularity decreasing from bottom to top. Building kinds and building analysis types are introduced at the beginning of the current study project. The study and examination of already published material and theories follows the introduction. It is also examined how time history analysis relates to other types of analysis. The issue is then identified; it consists of all chosen and decided-upon building parameters as well as the type of analysis to be taken into account. The research's goal is specified, and a thorough explanation of the methodology to be used is provided. Vertical irregular problem analysis with respect to time history analysis is the method used. In order to undertake and conduct research work, four building models with five-time history reference data were taken into consideration. For deflection, overturning moment, drift, and base shear, the data gathering is then primarily organized in a tabular fashion. The results of the entire building analysis are grouped together. Analysis based on time history is put to the test for vertically uneven buildings and cases. Graphs are used to describe the results and the conversation, and each graph's conclusion and analytical summary was determined by critically analyzing and studying it. All of the data that was gathered for each scenario that was addressed in the issue and objective were plotted on graphs.

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India is one of the fastest growing nations in the world. Many structures, mega structures are going in present time. All these structures are built with a very common and useful materialize Concrete. The approximate consumption of concrete of our world is one ton per person per year, and it's the second most consumed material after water. Its usage worldwide, ton for ton, is twice that of steel, wood, plastics, and aluminium combined. Globally, the ready-mix concrete industry, the largest segment of the concrete market, is projected to exceed $600billioninre venue by 2025. The main objective of this work focuses on the compressive strength of concrete with partial replacement of cement with Fly ash and Alccofine. The project focuses on the experimental investigation on concrete by replacing cement with Fly ash and Alccofine on varying percentage. 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% for 7 and 28 days. The design mix carried out throughout the experiment will M25.

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The study examines a general but a serious problem of road accident death in India. Road accidents accounts for about 30 % taking place at the national highways and 44% at state highways and about 25% at the other roadways. In most road accidents mainly two wheelers are involved due to rash driving affecting the life of mainly young people. The present paper attempts to study and analyze the Impact of Socio- Demographic factors on Road Accident: A study of Rural and Urban India. ". Socio-demographic profile of road traffic injury, road safety measures, availability of first aid at the time of critically injured persons, impact of lighting and signage , traffic rules and licensing process , faulty number plates, liquor/drug consumption , working hours and fatigue of driving, Hypothetical statements have been made to test the empirical situation of study. As per records 1.3 M deaths occur per year globally and leaving at least 50 M people injured, where India alone contributes 11-12 % .Poor maintenance of vehicle and its design, poor road construction, faulty road engineering, rash driving, drunken driving, using mobile while driving are a few prominent causes of accidents on highways. India's socio-economic cost of road accidents amounts to 0.55–1.35% of the GDP. Finding of the study also reveals that demography plays important role in road accident. Similarly Fatigue of drivers and Faulty licensing system contribute majorly on road traffic accidents. To study this project N=1000 was collected from Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi & NCR by applying convenient sampling method . Measures of central tendency Mean, Median and Modes was used to calculate the average percentage.

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Safe footpath, safe Road, safe vehicle and safe driver are the four important key factors along with safe environment. As Road engineers, the safe design of Road infrastructure is very important and pedestrian safety auditing provides a vital role in ensuring that that the footpaths are built to the highest safety standard. Practical footpath safety auditing provides solutions to safety problems and also brings together safety audit procedures to be followed by the agency, local authorities and other organizations involved in safety aspect. There is strong need to practice pedestrian safety auditing before, during and after construction of footpaths in order to minimize pedestrian accidents. Based on the local conditions and adopted methodologies for the planning & design the footpaths can be made safer for pedestrian. So, it is very important to identify the pedestrian safety audit parameters with reference to a given set of conditions and aggregate these parameters to a composite index (Pedestrian Safety Index -PSI). The rating of a given footpath based on priority (black spots) locations and the development of relative weightages to various parameters as received by experts, research scientists, local authorities and also pedestrians using qualitative approach. This index measures the safety performance.

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Nanocrystalline Ag2S film can be prepared by hydrolysis of thiourea in an alkaline medium containing silver salt and suitable complexing agent which allows for obtaining suitable species, silver ion in this medium. The preparative parameters such as ion concentration deposition time, pH of solution, were optimized. The structural, optical, electrical properties and the type of conductivity were studied by thermoemf measurement. From the optical absorption data, an energy gap equal to 1.78eV was found. The film deposited with ammonia at pH~10 show the highest degree of crystallinity and have a preferred orientation.

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In modern times, data is the new oil. It is at the heart of modern developments and increasingly shapes political and economic life. As more data is stored and processed digitally, the management of that data has implications for diplomacy, just as oil policy has done for the past 100 years. What is the impact of data on diplomacy? First, data has an impact on the environment in which diplomats operate. The data stream shapes the cash flow. It influences and creates new geopolitics and geoeconomics based on data. Second, data is bringing new topics to conversations and tables, from privacy and data protection to digital commerce and commerce. Third, data provides diplomats with new tools to conduct diplomacy additional expeditiously and effectively, as well as data processing and computing.

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Humans require energy to perform work and produce heat to maintain an internal body temperature of around 37 ℃. The higher their activity levels the more heat that is produced. If too much heat is produced then the body will sweat which will cause discomfort. If 'too little' heat is produced blood will be withdrawn from the hands and feet, skin temperature will fall and the person will feel cold and uncomfortable. Environmental conditions and clothing required for comfort will therefore directly depend upon metabolic heat production. Many jobs require working in hot environments, both outdoors and indoors. Working in the heat and doing physical work can affect the body's cooling system. If the body is unable to cool itself, a worker can experience heat stress. If heat stress is not recognized and treated in the early stages, more serious and even fatal conditions may quickly develop. Workers who are required to work in hot conditions must be adequately prepared to deal with heat stress. Outdoor work activity often increases during the hot summer months, particularly in construction, roofing, forestry, forest fire fighting, and road construction. Indoor work activities in hot environments exposed workers to heat year rounds. These include working in pulp and paper manufacturing, industrial laundries, bakeries; steel manufacturing and fabricating, boiler rooms and working near in cement kilns. Workers exposed to hot environments must be trained to prevent heat stress and to recognize early symptoms of heat stress in themselves and co-workers. Heat stress can result in range of problems from skin rashes to light-headedness to convulsion and unconsciousness. Early symptoms of heat stress ─ such as excessive fatigue, lethargy, irritability, lack of co-ordination, and altered judgment ─ can result in serious accidents. Unless treated promptly, these symptoms can rapidly develop into serious conditions, including convulsions and unconsciousness.

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Identifying plant diseases is the key to preventing losses in yield and quantity of agricultural products. The study of plant diseases means the study of visually observable patterns observed on a plant. Monitoring the health status and detection of plant diseases is very important for sustainable agriculture. Manual monitoring of plant diseases is very difficult. It requires a huge amount of work, expertise in plant diseases and also takes too long to process. Image processing is therefore used for plant disease detection. Disease detection includes steps such as image acquisition, image preprocessing, image segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. This article discusses the methods used to detect plant diseases using images of their leaves. This paper also discusses some segmentation and feature extraction algorithms used in plant disease detection.

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