Supply chain performance represents a swiftly evolving area of research. Many companies are actively seeking tools to enhance performance metrics, particularly in response to the volatile nature of business markets and the need for efficient control of business operations. The prevailing perspective on competitiveness and strategy emphasizes that customer value is created through collaborative efforts among firms with shared objectives, rather than through isolated endeavors. Consequently, there is a growing realization that firms engaging in cooperative, long-term partnerships can enhance the overall operation of the supply chain, benefiting all parties involved. Our findings indicate positive correlations between a) trust and financial performance, and b) supplier involvement and financial performance. However, the relationship between face-to-face site visits and financial performance did not yield significant results. Notably, Industry 4.0 has a discernible impact on Social Capital within Buyer-Supplier Relationships. We have conducted a systematic literature review analyzing 36 academic articles to explore the strategic shifts that Industry 4.0 entails for Social Capital within these relationships. These transformations encompass cognitive, structural, and relational aspects, such as shared vision, social interaction, and trust. This underscores the importance of Social Capital within Buyer-Supplier Relationships and highlights its cultivation, particularly in areas like collaborative decision-making, information sharing, and cross-company integration in Industry 4.0 contexts. Our proposition posits that Industry 4.0 implementation not only necessitates but also fosters Social Capital within Buyer-Supplier Relationships, delineating the coexistence of two diametrically opposed fundamental forms of such relationships within an Industry 4.0 context. This systematic literature review is the first of its kind, offering a comprehensive analysis of the existing body of literature on Buyer-Supplier Relationships in the context of Industry 4.0, shedding light on intricate transformations within the purview of Social Capital. Additionally, it provides a comprehensive overview of the current research landscape and offers several recommendations for future research and managerial practices, notably concerning the involvement of human expertise in strategic tasks within Industry 4.0.

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The purpose of this paper is to develop a five-layer sandwich plate and calculate the frequency of free vibration using ANSYS 18.0 software. The method which is used for mathematical formulation is the First order shear deformation theory. The sandwich structure is frequently use in daily life because there much advantages. In this paper find out the frequency of plate with change the aspect ratio (a/b) and also change the thickness ratio (a/h) continuously. And also finding the frequency with change the boundary condition such as CFFF, CFCF, CCCC. Find out these all results and plot various graphs in between frequency and modes. All our study and graph we conclude the results in which condition is safe for design.

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This thesis presents the executional viability and cost benefits of spill through type abutment with higher embankment height and long spans. The detailed structural design of open footing, substructure and superstructure shall be submitted in this technical paper in order to better understand the structural analysis and behaviour. The Spill-through abutments primarily consists on rectangular or circular type columns placed at intervals to let the soil spill between them. While they do not include wing walls or return walls to retain the soil embankment, the deck is placed/casted on girders rested on bearings. Streams or roadways are to pass between the abutment locations. The width of the abutment cap is based on the accommodation of bearing location and seismic stoppers. When the embankment height is high enough and the existing stream or waterway is undisturbed then spill through abutment is considered more inexpensive and cost optimum than wall type abutment. The open footings are constructed by initially excavating soil upto the bottom of footing. During the initial stages of site execution, the complete open footing is visible and thus is referred to as open foundation. Each footing is intended to carry the load from the individual columns and distribute the same over a larger area, so that the safe bearing capacity of the soil is not exceeded. Pre-stressing or specifically post-tensioning is the application of axial force to increase the moment carrying capacity of concrete or other materials using high strength steel strands or bars, denoted as tendons. Post-tensioning is applicable is a variety of construction sectors including buildings, parking areas, bridges, stadiums, soil anchors, water-tanks, etc to name a few. Although, post-tensioning systems require expertise for fabrication, assembly and installation, the basic application is easily explainable. In many cases, posttensioning allows construction that would otherwise be impossible due to either execution constraints or architectural requirements. A post-tensioning system shows application of tendons which are stretched by hydraulic jacks so that system has no tensile stresses developing at any section and is held in place by anchoring devices.

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The problem of road vehicle collisions owing to Black Spots is very severe in highway transport, occurs by a complicated vehicular traffic flow pattern with miscellaneous traffic and roadside pedestrians, and also caused by the presence of human fault or road factors. Roadway collisions are the main causes of property rupture, death and damages all over the world. The essential fundamentals in road collisions are becoming road operators, sleazy automobiles, pavement conditions, pavement layout geometrical and environmental aspect. Road collisions cannot avoid nevertheless via employing appropriate traffic engineering, traffic controlling measures and superior security plans, road collisions rates can be decreased. An accidental "black spot" is a segment of the roadway where accidents frequently happen.

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Investment in women's capacity building and empowering them to exercise their choices is not only valuable itself but also is the surest way to contribute in the economic growth and overall empowerment of women considered as the backbone of India's agricultural and rural economy. The formation of Self-Help Groups has inculcated a lot of confidence among their members and has significantly contributed in the eradication of poverty among the women. Though the Self-Help Groups have been operating in the state of Himachal Pradesh during the last two decades or so, yet their performance was not found up to the desired level due to some problems/constraints faced by the members. The study conducted on a random sample of 100 respondents selected from ten Self-Help Groups of two blocks of district Solan (Himachal Pradesh) has revealed that lack of technical guidance in post-harvest technology coupled with more engagement in household work, lack of social mobility and social security, financial dependency on their male counterparts and lack of awareness about credit sources/facilities etc, were some of the main constraints faced by them. Therefore, it is suggested that there should be a provision of marketing facilities for their products in the market, Facilities must be provided for timely information on credit sources, marketing risk and uncertainties, appropriate tools/machinery should be devised/designed to remove/overcome the drudgery of women besides provision of storage/infrastructure facilities and minimum support price for their products.

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As there is more and more evolution and growth of smartphones like IOS, Android and tablets UI/UX designers have to adapt to new screen sizes touch-based interactions, and other factors unique to mobile devices. Mobile devices have smaller screen sizes than desktops, which means that UI/UX designers need to make sure that their designs are optimized for smaller screens. This requires careful consideration of font sizes, spacing, and the placement of interactive elements. Mobile devices rely on touch-based interactions, which means that UI/UX designers need to ensure that their designs are optimized for touchscreens. This includes using larger interactive elements that are easy to tap, swipe, or pinch, and avoiding the use of hover-based interactions that are common on desktop interfaces. This Figma tool helps you alot when it comes to matters of mobile size, tablets, it gives you a fixed rate of height and width. Any designer without any prior designing experience or knowledge. In different contexts than desktops, such as while walking or standing in a crowded place. This means that UI/UX designers need to consider factors like one-handed use and the ability to easily navigate back and forth between different screens the designer can face difficulty in adopting the UI/UX of different mobile devices. Limited processing power and bandwidth, which means that UI/UX designers need to optimize their designs to minimize loading times and ensure that they work well on slower connections? A variety of features that can be integrated into UI/UX design, such as GPS location, camera. UI/UX designers can take advantage of these features to create more engaging and interactive designs that enhance the user experience.

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This study undertook a meticulous morphometric analysis of the Pennar River basin, employing ArcGIS 10.8 software. The research encompassed data procurement, involving digital elevation models (DEMs) and hydrological data from the basin, sourced primarily from SRTM data accessed via the USGS website. Leveraging the capabilities of ArcGIS, a comprehensive set of 32 morphometric parameters was computed. These parameters encompassed diverse facets of the basin's characteristics, including stream order, drainage density, stream frequency, bifurcation ratio, basin shape, and relief ratio, among others. The computations aimed to unravel the drainage pattern, basin shape, hydrological response mechanisms, and the overall geomorphological attributes of the basin. Employing ArcGIS for morphometric analysis furnished profound insights into the morphology and hydrological dynamics of the Pennar River basin. The Pennar River basin's morphometric analysis show-cases a diverse stream hierarchy with 2637 streams spanning 12710.93 km. Stream length ratios range from 0.288 to 1.487, with a mean of 0.652. Bifurcation ratios vary from 0.631 to 3.034. The basin covers 54905.1 km², with a circularity ratio of 0.315 and an elongation ratio of 0.409. Elevation features include a maximum of 1444 m, a minimum of -16 m, and a total relief of 1460 m, resulting in a relief ratio of 2.261.

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Madurai district in the state of Tamil Nadu used to face frequent drought due to failure of rainfall and less rainy days in monsoon. A notable mention about the severity of drought that occurred during the year of 2019, where Madurai is one among the 24 districts in Tamil Nadu which is declared as drought affected by the State government of Tamil Nadu and hence, adoption of mitigation strategies such as altering the cropping pattern, cropping system, cropping intensity and irrigation pattern etc., has to be followed by the farmers to get away from income loss. To explore the changes, this study was conducted among 40 farmers chosen from 3 different blocks such as Melur, Alanganallur and Chellampatti to know the impact of agricultural drought in the district. The results were found using percentage analysis and it revealed that about 20 per cent of respondents shifted from seasonal crops to annual crops and from double cropping to mono cropping during drought year. It was also observed that drip irrigation (60%) is gaining momentum in recent years due to prevalence of drought. The awareness level on technological mitigation strategies was high related to preserving dry fodder for livestock (100%), drip/sprinkler method of irrigation (100%), moving to less water consuming crops (100%), changing of planting dates (97.50%) and mulching (97.50%). The extent of awareness and availing benefits from the government schemes and policies related to mitigation of drought such as waiving of crop loan in cooperatives, Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) and Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) was found to be higher among farmers.

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Concrete with fiber reinforcement is a composite material composed of fibrous material that provides structural strength and integrity. Since, concrete is significantly brittle in nature and exhibits the poor tensile strength, the cracks are obtained at a faster rate and thus effects the reinforcement and starts to corrosion of steel. So, to overcome this issues the fibers are induced in concrete to prevent cracking and improve the strength. The addition of the bottle caps as fibers increases the strength parameters of the concrete. The compressive load carrying capacity induced with the bottle caps as fibers has provided greater strength but as the increase in the bottle caps as fibers the strength gradually decreases. The split tensile load carrying of concrete increases with induction of bottle caps as fibers in which the experiment up to 15% the bottle caps are added and the strength is increased. The flexural strength gets higher due to induction of the addition of the bottle caps up to 10% but after increasing the bottle caps as fibers to 15% the strength gradually decreased. The results from the experiment conclude that the compressive, split tensile, flexural strength of the concrete induced with the bottle caps as fibers to 10% is greater than the nominal mix.

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Agriculture plays a significant role in the Indian economy, and accurate rainfall prediction is crucial for its success. However, forecasting rainfall has become a challenging task in recent times. Precise predictions enable farmers to take necessary precautions and develop effective strategies for their crops. The impact of global warming on both nature and mankind has further complicated the situation, as it leads to changes in climatic conditions such as rising temperatures, increased ocean levels, floods, and droughts. These adverse climate changes result in unpredictable and excessive rainfall. Therefore, accurate rainfall prediction is essential for various sectors, including agriculture, research, and power generation, to understand climate transformation and its parameters such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind speed, which ultimately contribute to rainfall projection. However, predicting rainfall accurately is a difficult task due to its dependence on geographic locations. Machine Learning, a subset of Artificial Intelligence, is an emerging technology that aids in rainfall prediction. In this research paper, we will utilize a dataset from the UCI repository, which contains multiple attributes, to predict rainfall. The primary objective of this study is to develop a rainfall prediction system that utilizes Machine Learning classification algorithms to achieve higher accuracy.

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The elderly population is on the rise and this trend is expected to persist. Age-related bone loss and osteoporosis in the elderly increase the risk of fractures and morbidity in this population. It is important to identify the possible pathologic mechanisms underlying bone fragility in old age. We have selected femur bone as the bone for our study as it the longest and the heaviest bone in the human body. The bone mechanical properties such as young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, shear modulus, density and porosity vary with age. All these mechanical properties follow a decreasing trend with age. Different methods have been used to find out these variations of mechanical properties with age. The FEA model of the femur bone was imported, and static analysis was performed on that and compared with the experimental data to verify if the femur model was accurate or not. Since the femur bone is a complex structure the material properties cannot be isotropic, but they are anisotropic. Orthotropic variation of the bone mechanical properties of a human female bone were considered. Using these material properties, modal analysis was performed to determine the natural frequencies of bones for different ages. First six modes of natural frequencies for different age groups are considered. A decreasing trend has been observed in natural frequency against age. After literature survey, the variation of porosity with age has been found out. The graph between natural frequency and porosity is drawn out. Further, this graph can be used to find out the porosity in different people by finding out the intermediate parameter i.e., natural frequencies of the bone.

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Concrete is the most widely used construction material in civil engineering industry because of its high structural strength and stability. Concrete is a mixture of cement, water, coarse aggregate and fine aggregate. Over the last few years the environment is greatly affected due to the amount of energy consumed and carbon dioxide emitted during the production of cement, due to this the interest of stimulation in development of alternative materials which would replace cement and improve the performance of concrete. This work focuses on the study of strength characteristics of M40 gras0zde concrete with partially replacing cement with Alccofine by 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% and GGBS by 30%. The cubes, cylinders and beams are tested for compression strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength test.

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Machinability is a term usually employed to describe the material removal capability with an accepted finish at a relatively low cost. The machinability study of titanium alloy has been increasing and is acquiring more significance as it can produce stress-free and high-quality surface. Machining of titanium alloy is an interest to the researchers to increase its usability in industrial parts. It is difficult to machine alloy due to its favorable characteristics like preventing heat to pass through them, forming atomic bonds with the cutting tool material and high tensile strength. Metal cutting scientists are working hard to overcome the difficulties and hence associated temperatures and stresses generated during machining. The chapter deals with the machining performance evaluation of Titanium Biomaterial Ti6Al4V in CNC cylindrical turning using CBN insert. The analysis of machining forces, surface roughness and tool wear is by taking into consideration the workpiece machining length and Acoustic Emission (AE) characteristics are correlated with the machining conditions to monitor the condition of the CBN tool insert. It was found that resultant cutting force values were low up to 60 mm cutting length. The lowest surface roughness value, Ra observed was 0.9 µm at 15 mm cutting length and the major flank wear on flank face, VB was observed 0.2 mm at 30 mm cutting length. The AE signals were correlated with the number of passes and it was found that there was reduction in AE energy and AE count after four number of passes.

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