This paper provides a comprehensive review of advancements in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive systems, emphasizing their evolution and impact on electric vehicle (EV) efficiency and performance. It examines a range of PMSM control strategies, encompassing classical, modern, and intelligent control methods. Recent progress in EV technology underscores the importance of PMSMs, widely recognized for their high torque-to-current ratios, making them well-suited for precision-driven and energy-efficient applications such as EV propulsion. Among control techniques, Field Oriented Control (FOC) has become prominent due to its ability to deliver precise torque and speed management across various operational states. Enhancements in FOC, particularly through the integration of Fuzzy Logic, strengthen the system's robustness by addressing uncertainties and nonlinear characteristics within PMSM systems, thus optimizing overall responsiveness and performance. Current research highlights the critical role of intelligent control systems in managing the complex dynamics of PMSMs, with a focus on improved efficiency, adaptability, and reliability. Contemporary studies continue to explore the fusion of advanced control theories with practical implementation strategies to optimize PMSM functionality across diverse EV applications, positioning PMSM control systems as essential for future EV performance and sustainability.

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The "Add Space" project presents an innovative, web-based solution for managing short-term rentals, catering specifically to events, business meetings, and social gatherings. Traditional rental systems often lack flexibility, focusing on long-term leases and limiting users seeking short-term spaces. "Add Space" introduces a dynamic platform for users, brokers, and administrators, enabling hourly or daily rentals and streamlining booking processes through a role-based system. Developed using JSP, Servlets, JDBC, and MySQL, the platform offers secure role-specific functionalities, including user registration, space management, payment handling, and real-time booking updates. Brokers and admins can manage listings, confirm or cancel reservations, and handle payments through automated processes, enhancing customer service and reducing manual effort. This system not only increases space utilization but also optimizes operational efficiency by centralizing bookings and reducing overhead. The modular design allows for scalability, integrating additional features such as data analytics, reporting, and search filters. "Add Space" contributes significantly to the market by addressing the gap for flexible short-term rentals and offering a reliable, user-friendly platform that can adapt to evolving business needs.

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Our universe is made up of many elements and particles. The basic form of all things in nature is the elements of an object. Atoms are the functional units of an element and presents in the various types of objects. All the things present in our universe have some basic structure which is the atom of an element. Apart from atoms, there are some other things which are called basic atomic particles of our universe. Such as: - electrons, gluons, protons and electrons. Apart from this, leptons, gluons, gravitons, Higgs bosons, neutrinos and quarks have been given the status of subatomic particles. Quarks are the smallest particles considered till now. There are many things in our universe that we need to know. Like: - What is consciousness, what is time, what is reality? Etc. If we observe carefully, we can see that the probability of something being there or not depends on the perspective from which you are observing it. In fact, reality is born from our state of thinking, understanding and experience. There are many things in our universe that we are not yet familiar with. Whether it is a constellation or a galaxy located at a distance of millions and billions of kilometres, our human society does not have access to it. This is the reason for the continuous progress of human society. As far as human society has progressed, the future of AI is better. It is worth noting that the existence or non-existence of an alien civilization also depends on the perspective from which we are observing it. As far as our observable universe has expanded, we can only guess the existence or non-existence of an object in the presence of light. Only that data is received in the console of our search engine which exists. That is, reality itself gives birth to imagination and vice versa. For example: - We observe an object in the presence of light, the only reason for which is photons particles or in other words, due to the electromagnetic wave reflecting from that object to this object. We call electromagnetic wave as radioactive wave. In the same way, our mind also works like a search engine, due to which we are thinking about something or the other all the time. Quantum mechanics and quantum entanglement also play an important role in tracing the data, which can be clearly seen. It is worth noting that time is the rate of change in the state of the particles of an object, which can vary in various ways. Just as mass and energy are relative to each other, similarly time is also relative to mass and energy, which we will know later. It has a big role in coding and programming of software which are based on quantum simulations. There are many theories about our universe which give rise to many formulas but theories are enough to explain it. Human society has been able to develop so much today because of quantum computing and quantum simulations. Our consciousness gives rise to many such theories which can be different for a particular person or creature. There is also a basic concept of how our consciousness arises.

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Credit card fraud causes significant financial losses, demanding robust fraud detection systems. This study focuses on addressing challenges such as data imbalance and evolving fraudulent behavior using machine learning techniques. The dataset consists of 284,807 transactions over two days, where fraud accounts for only 0.172%. We use five machine learning algorithms—Logistic Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and XGBoost—alongside six resampling techniques: Random Oversampling, SMOTE, Random Undersampling, Tomek Links, Cluster Centroids, and SMOTE + Tomek Links. XGBoost outperformed all other models across seven scenarios using the ROC-AUC as the evaluation metric. The findings emphasize oversampling techniques, particularly SMOTE and SMOTE + Tomek Links, in improving model performance.

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This project takes forward the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) approach by controlling cursor movement through hand movement and voice commands using a real-time camera and microphone. The virtual mouse acts as a contactless mouse, thus making it more useful and time-saving. Specially abled people with some problem in their hands can use this virtual mouse to control the mouse functions in the computer. It can be used for distance-controlling systems in robots, classrooms, war ammunition, and AR and VR games. This project advances the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) paradigm in computer science by controlling cursor movement with a real-time camera and microphone. Hand movement and speech are the most effortless and primitive ways of communication. It's a replacement for the present ways, which entail manually moving a physical computer mouse or pressing buttons. Instead, the system controls and performs numerous mouse activities using a camera for computer vision technology and a microphone for speech recognition and processing. It can perform all the functions that a physical mouse can. The Virtual Mouse continuously gathers real-time visuals and voice commands, which are then filtered and converted in several steps.

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Driven by the fast growth of data and technological advancements, data science has emerged as a transformative force in a number of industries in recent years. This article explores the factors contributing to data science's growing appeal, focusing on the integration of big data analytics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI). Through a comprehensive literature search and analysis of pertinent case studies, the study uncovers significant trends in the application of data science across a range of sectors, including e-commerce, healthcare, and finance. It also discusses the challenges and benefits associated with this expansion, highlighting the importance of data-driven decision-making in a rapidly evolving digital landscape. The study concludes by highlighting the significant influence of data science on workforce development and company strategy, suggesting need for further research in this developing area.

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An innovative design for a compact, low-power, folded cascode Op Amp (operational amplifier) having greater EMI immunity is presented and discussed in this paper. This design was motivated by the issues with existing Op Amps, which exhibit high output offset voltages throughout a broad frequency range and are susceptible to EMI interference. In contemporary Op Amp circuits, output offset voltage is mostly caused by the body effect as well as channel length modulation components. The suggested Op Amp mitigates these issues as well as effectively eliminates the contribution of body effect components by reducing output offset along with power dissipation. Specifically, revised compact folded cascode Op Amp significantly reduces the output offset to just 34.36uV and uses very little power, only 254.2uW at a frequency of 1 GHz. Because of these advantages, the proposed Op Amp is ideal for use in high-frequency Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs). The Op Amp was created in the 180nm technology node, and the Virtuoso by Cadence was implemented to build this design. Problems associated with output offset voltage and EMI susceptibility in Op Amp circuits are addressed in this work in a promising way.

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