A wireless ad-hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes that makes a multi hop autonomous system without any fixed infrastructure. The nodes use service of other nodes in the network to transmit packet to the destination nodes. This paper contain the study of three MANET routing protocol given by various researchers. In this paper, we have also studies the comparison of the performance of the DSR, AODV, and OLSR routing protocols. We have analyzed the performance of protocols in different traffic load including end to end delay, throughput, and video packet delay variation and routing traffic overhead. A Simulation result shows that in the case of file transfer with TCP connection, OLSR acts better in terms of end to end delay and upload response time, but with high routing overhead. In the case of the video transfer with UDP connection, AODV acts better in terms of throughput, delay variation, end to end delay and have low routing traffic.

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This paper presents the analysis and the simulation of a single-phase active power filter as the function of UPS. The system provides combined functions of the battery bank energy storage, power factor compensation, harmonic elimination and uninterruption of the power supply. When the utility is in normal operation, the system will not only supply DC power for battery charging, but also function as an active power filter for improving the power factor and reducing the current harmonics on the utility side. If the utility power fails, the proposed system will function as an inverter immediately to supply the battery power to the ac load.

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Alluvial channels attain equilibrium state over many years. Changes in the flow rates or in sediment load can disturb the equilibrium. These changes can prove detrimental to the proper functioning of the engineering works located in the river. Various researchers have developed few mathematical and numerical models based on various numerical and analytical schemes. In this paper MacCormack explicit finite difference scheme is used to develop numerical model for simulation of bed level of alluvial channels. The Saint-Venant equations are used for numerical solution of degradation rates due to sediment diminution. The main objective is to develop a numerical model for prediction of degradation rates. Also validation of the developed model will be done by the observed data of experiments.

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With the continuous growth of email users has resulted in the increase of unsolicited emails also known as Spam. E-mail spam, known as unsolicited bulk Email (UBE), junk mail, or unsolicited commercial email (UCE), is the practice of sending unwanted e-mail messages, frequently with commercial content, which is normally in large quantities to set of recipients. There are many spam filters available that uses various approaches to identify the incoming message as spam or ham, ranging from white list / black list, Bayesian analysis, keyword matching, mail header analysis, postage, legislation, and content scanning etc. but we are still flooded with spam emails every day. This is not because the filters are not powerful enough, it is due to the swift adoption of new techniques by the spammers and the inflexibility of spam filters to adapt the changes. In our work, we employed supervised machine learning techniques to filter the email spam messages. Widely used supervised machine learning techniques namely C 4.5 Decision tree classifier, Multilayer Perceptron, Naive Bayes Classifier are used for learning the features of spam emails and the model is built by training with known spam emails and legitimate emails. The results of the models are discussed. In current, server side and client side anti-spam filters are introduced for detecting different features of spam emails. However, recently spammers introduced some new tricks consisting of embedding spam contents into digital image, pdf and doc as attachment which can make ineffective to current techniques that is based on analysis digital text in the body and subject fields of email.

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The paper presents the parametric study of profiled corrugated horn. Variable Depth -slot-mode converter sections are used to convert dominant mode, TE11 in to hybrid HE11 mode to achieve wider bandwidth. is shown that a mode converter consisting of only five slots achieves a return loss better than 30 dB over the band 2.7

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This paper proposes the change detection of SAR images based on image fusion which is done by curvelet transform and classifying changed and unchanged regions by using fuzzy clustering algorithm. The image fusion is a type of data fusion technique is used to generate a difference image by using mean ratio image and log Ratio image. The fused image may provide increased interpretation capabilities and more reliable results since data with different characteristics. Moreover, image fusion can be performed at three different processing levels according to the stage at which the fusion takes: pixel, feature and decision level. Here image fusion done based on curvelet transform which have better shift invariance property end directional selectivity. It is a multi-scale transforms which have the elements identified by scale and location parameter and also the directional parameter. It is an extension of wavelet concept. Curvelet transform represent the edges better than the wavelet transforms. Also a fuzzy local information C-means clustering algorithm is used for classifying the changed and unchanged regions in the fused difference image.

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Noise is added due to data transmission reception, acquisition, process. Denoising is the first and last step to be taken before the images is used. It is necessary to apply a suitable denoising method. This paper presents a brief introduction of some image denoising methods. Potential future trends in the area of denoising are also mentioned.

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Technological advances have provided new ways of combating corrosion. Corrosion inhibitors are one means of protection for reinforced concrete structures. The effectiveness of commercially available inhibitor for concrete has been investigated, this study focused on the effects of inhibitor on ordinary concrete and high performance concrete. The strength and durability property of different specimens without and with inhibitors on ordinary concrete and high performance concrete was compared.

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the growth of wireless technology and Mobile devices has made a great impact on our lives. Some efforts have been made to combine and utilize both of these technologies in advancement of hospitality industry. This research work aims to automate the food ordering process in a food-court of a mall and improve the complete dining experience of customers. In this paper we discuss about the design & implementation of automated food ordering system in a mall in which menus of each outlet of a food-court are being digitalized & displayed to customer through an android application. This system, implements wireless data access to servers. The android application on user’s mobile will have all the menu details. The order details from customer’s mobile are wirelessly updated in central database and subsequently sent to kitchen of respective outlet. The outlet owner can manage the menu modifications easily. The wireless application on mobile devices provide a means of convenience, improving efficiency and accuracy for restaurants by saving time, reducing human errors and real-time customer feedback.

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Radiators are heat exchangers used to transfer thermal energy from one medium to another for the purpose of cooling and heating. Radiators are used for cooling internal combustion engines, mainly in automobiles but also in piston-engine aircraft, railway locomotives, stationary generating plant or any similar use of such an engine. The flow behavior & temperature profile prediction in the radiator tubes are very useful information & is of great importance to the designer. For the preliminary design, the performance of the radiator can be accessed through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). CFD is a science that can be helpful for studying fluid flow, heat transfer, chemical reactions etc by solving mathematical equations with the help of numerical analysis. CFD employs a very simple principle of resolving the entire system in small cells or grids and applying governing equations on these discrete elements to find numerical solutions regarding pressure distribution temperature gradients, flow parameters and the like in a shorter time at a lower cost because of reduced required experimental work. In this paper, research papers has been studied and finalized that the various coolants (Nanofluids) affects efficiency of radiator at various mass flow rate. The CFD gives the exact results to study the effect of mass flow rate, pitch of tubes and coolants (Nanofluids). The coolants properties play significant roles in the improvement of radiator performance.

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With the character of low maintenance, cloud computing provides an economical and efficient solution for sharing group resource among cloud users. Unfortunately, sharing data in a multi-owner manner while preserving data and identity privacy from an untrusted cloud is still a challenging issue, due to the frequent change of the membership. We propose a secure multiowner data sharing scheme, named Mona, for dynamic groups in the cloud. By leveraging group signature and dynamic broadcast encryption techniques, any cloud user can anonymously share data with others. Meanwhile, the storage overhead and encryption computation cost of our scheme are independent with the number of revoked users. In addition, we analyze the security of our scheme with rigorous proofs, and demonstrate the efficiency of our scheme in experiments.

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the goal of our project is to design and assemble a fingerprint based access control system that uses fingerprint scanning and recognition to authenticate the user. Upon successful authentication, the user will be allowed to access the safe. On the other hand, if the access is denied, it will be reported to the center administrative console for audit purposes. The fingerprint scanning device utilizes serial communication. This device will be connected to our microprocessor. The system will consist of an Atmel 89C51 microprocessor, LCD display, fingerprint sensor, electronic door strike. Software will be written for the PC that allows the owner to register and delete fingerprints and monitor door entry. LCD’s and LED’s will be used to display whether or not access was granted or denied. The biggest challenge that will be faced is figuring out how to interface the Atmel 89c51 with interface which allows the owner to manage fingerprint access. If time permits a cell module will be used to alert the owner of a possible break-in attempt.

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the idea behind Cloud Operating System is that the whole system lives in the web browser. The client must have only a web browser to work with Cloud Operating System and all its applications. This applies to for both modern and obsolete PC's An Open Source Platform designed to hold a wide variety of Web Applications. Cloud Operating System would be a new definition of an Operating System, where everything inside it can be accessed from everywhere inside a Network. All you need to do is login into your Cloud Operating System server with a normal Internet Browser, and you have access to your personal desktop, with your applications, documents, music, movies... just like you left it. Cloud Operating System would let you to upload your files and work with them no matter where you are.

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Cryogenic Vessels are designed for storage and transportation of liquid gases at sub-zero temperatures. Manufacturing of such cryogenic tanks requires special technical knowledge and sophisticated fabrication techniques. Universal has developed the necessary technology. The design and construction of storage Dewars for biological specimens. Biological requirements of Dewar design are of prime importance and these have to be considered alongside the normal cryogenic requirements such as insulation, suitable materials etc. The liquid nitrogen storage systems are widely used for long term preservation of a range of microorganisms. Strains are stored in ampoules immersed in nitrogen or held in its evolving vapor. In this paper I had worked on the comparative design of storage tank made up of two different materials i.e. stainless steel and aluminium used as inner shell of cryogenic vessels. This paper includes design procedure of cryogenic storage vessel as per ASME code. This also contain results of different properties i.e. heat in-leak, boil off rate of vessel by taking aluminium and stain less steel as inner shell of vessel.

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this paper uses multiple optimization algorithms for the synthesis of broadside and end fire linear antenna array. In this paper optimum value of current of each antenna element is determined which produces radiation pattern with minimum side lobe level. Optimization is done using MATLAB. Multiple algorithms i.e.PSO,RCGA,SGA,Taguchi's and chaos methods are used in which PSO gave better results among them cause of search in broader space along randomly generated directions to produce new generations. This improves the performance greatly to achieve the directivity and maximum reduction in side lobe level with minimum function calls and efficiently applicable for WLAN.

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Rapid prototyping being one of the most novel manufacturing techniques is chosen as the field of study due to its wide range of applications such as in the consumer products, automotive, aerospace and medical industries. To increase the processing efficiency of the prototype fabrication, optimization of the orientation, is required. The surface roughness, production time, and support area are taken as the parameters for the optimization. Particle swarm optimization algorithm was carried out and the results were verified by the fabrication of the part. Thus the prototype development is attained by the increase in processing efficiency and decrease in the cost. The prototype development increases visualization capability during the early phases of design and useful in detecting errors in previous design to rectify. In the present highly competitive market, project cost and risk is reduced drastically.

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Automatic recognition of people is a challenging problem which has received much attention during recent years due to its many applications in different fields. Human Sate Recognition as a facial expression recognition is one of those challenging problems and up to date, there is no technique that provides a robust solution to all situations. In this paper all five universally recognized basic emotions namely angry, disgust, happy, sad and neutral. This paper presents a new technique for facial expression recognition. This technique uses an image-based approach towards artificial intelligence by removing redundant data from face images through image compression using the two-dimensional discrete cosine transform (2D-DCT). The DCT extracts features from face images based on skin color. Feature vectors are constructed by computing DCT coefficients. A self-organizing map (SOM) using an unsupervised learning technique is used to classify DCT-based feature vectors into groups to identify if the subject in the input image is "present" or "not present" in the image database. Facial expression recognition with SOM is carried out by classifying intensity values of grayscale pixels into different groups. Evaluation was performed in MATLAB using an image database of 25 face images, containing five subjects and each subject having 5 images with different basic facial expressions

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In order to operate high speed optical networks efficiently with a sufficiently low BER and minimize the performance degradation caused by optical pulse distortion and broadening, dispersion compensation is needed. Dispersion compensation fiber (DCF) and Fiber Braggs Grating (FBG) are the most widely used element to compensate various types of dispersion effects links, however its performance slows down with the increase in distance and speed of transmission when different nonlinear ties are considered in system design, also when many external factors in the field of installation like temperature, stress, external load etc during installation and operation will affect the fiber optic transmission. Then it is the residual dispersion plays the leading role in signal distortion on field which is not predictable. Here, in this paper new method named delay line filter (DLF) for dispersion compensation, which offers much better performance than other most common methods of compensation, which corrects residual dispersion along with chromatic dispersion, is employed. This method offers almost negligible dispersion and very high value of synchronization by reducing jitter portion in the Eye diagram keeping non-linearity at its limit. This method also offers very high value of Q-factor in long haul optical communication networks.

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in this paper chaotic optimization [14] algorithm method is used for the synthesis of broadside linear antenna array. In this paper optimum value of current in each antenna element is determined which produces radiation pattern with minimum side lobe level. Optimization is done using MATLAB. Chaotic Optimization [14] algorithm which enables search in broader space along randomly generated directions to produce new generations. This approach includes two searches, first is a global search and another is local search. This improves the performance greatly to achieve the maximum reduction in side lobe level with minimum function calls.

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This paper present performance analysis comparison of Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF) and scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) using Restricted Spatial Order Constrains (RSOC) in image registration. The SURF differ from SIFT for using integral images i.e. some of all pixel for image convolution. RSOC is proposed to remove outliers for registering image with simple patterns, low overlapping areas, and large affine transform. In order to eliminate dubious matches, a filtering strategy is designed. The strategy contains two ways spatial order constraints i.e. distance sequence and angle sequence and two decision criteria restrictions, i.e. the stability and accuracy of transformation error. Generally SIFT outperforms previously proposed schemes with respect to robustness but it takes more time whereas SURF take lesser time than SIFT and slightly degrade in robustness. SURF and SIFT is widely used with RSOC in remote sensing, medical imaging, computer vision.

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The Wireless technology is dominating current world of communications as it is found in most of the domains. Mobility is a key concept for wireless networking and to let the traffic pass across the network smoothly, the routing has to be quiet efficient. Mobile Ad hoc Network, as its name suggests are designed on fly for fulfilling a specific task within a specific boundary. In the domain of wireless ad hoc network, there must be an efficient routing mechanism to provide the correct and optimal route establishment and maintenance between a pair of nodes, so that messages may be delivered reliably and in a timely manner. There are many protocols available for doing the Ad hoc routing and selecting a proper candidate is totally based on the applications. We have analysed different routing protocols against several metrics through the simulations in Network Simulator – 2 (NS-2). Perfor mance parameters include Average end-to-end delay, Routing Overhead, Jitter Packet drops etc. In this work, we propose a Performance enhancement of Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector routing protocol in MANETs using multipath approach this mechanism setups multiple paths based on less hop count. It allows to store multiple paths based on threshold. At time of link failure, it will switch to next available path. To set up multiple path, we have used the information that we get in the RREQ packet and also send RREP packet to more than one paths. It reduces overhead of local route discovery at the time of link failure. And because of this End to End Delay and Drop Ratio decreases. routing protocol including our scheme and we compare it with the basic AODV and multipath extension of AODV-AOMDV routing

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The emergence of new bandwidth hungry applications and services impose the network upgrades of current time-division multiplexing passive optical network (TDM PONs) to their upgraded successor wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) PONs. Access network has to overcome the first/last mile bandwidth bottleneck between the high bandwidth demand at user end and high speed backbone network. Single hop WDM network based on central passive star coupler (PSC) have received a great deal of attention as promising solutions for metropolitan and local area networks which face increasing amount of traffic. This work explores the performance of a stargate network, a relatively new class of single hop network based on an Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG), which provide all-optical integration of Ethernet based wavelength division multiplexing passive optical networks (WDM EPONs) with metropolitan area networks. The simulation analysis revealed that the STARGATE network architecture is cost effective with minimum hop count between transmitting and receiving ends and wavelength reuses by exploiting multiple free spectral ranges (FSRs) of arrayed waveguide grating (AWG).The simulation has been performed using Optisystem V.12 software and results have been shown as eye diagrams and BER plots obtained at the receiver end.

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Detection of moving objects in video streams is the first significant step of information extraction in many computer vision applications. Even there is usefulness to segment video streams into moving and background components, moving objects detection concentrates on recognition, classification, and activity analysis by making the latter steps efficient. We propose a technique through artificial neural networks which is applied in image processing of human and more commonly in cognitive science. The technique which is proposed can handle scenes containing moving backgrounds, steady illumination variations, has no bootstrapping restrictions, can include into the background model shadows cast by moving objects, and achieves strong detection for different types of videos taken with stationary cameras. We compare our method with other modelling techniques and report results, in terms of processing speed and accuracy for the color video sequences that represent typical situations critical for video surveillance systems. Facial features are segregated at different resolutions to provide noise information, edge, smoothness, and blurriness present in a face. WLD descriptor represents an image as a histogram of differential excitations and gradient orientations and also it has various interesting properties like robustness to noise and smart detection of edges, illumination changes and powerful image representation in feature extraction stage. The Gabor filter bank is used to extract the features from face regions to discriminate the illumination changes. These collective features are useful to distinguish the maximum number of samples accurately and it is matched with already stored original face samples for identification. The simulated results will be shown that used granulation and hybrid spatial features descriptors has better discriminatory power and recognition accuracy in the process of recognizing different facial appearance.

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This paper intends to solve the problems when generally we can see a person waiting for complain for any kind of street power failure. In that case responsible person is attended complain immediate or not time is not accountable at all. Because of this manual system just consume the time. Aim to design this Street Power Monitoring and Analysis by PC & GSM help the government and it will save the time of the employees working in these boards. Also this system monitoring of mis-management of boards.

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Association analysis is the task of bringing out relationship among data. Association analysis is most popular analysis technique in data mining for classifying biological data. When dealing with Biological data large search spaces may arise. Genetic algorithms deal with large search space very effectively. Combining association rule mining and Genetic algorithms to classify biological data is a novel and extensive research area. The purpose of this thesis is to classify biological data with association rule and genetic algorithm. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) is an iterative search, optimization and adaptive machine learning technique premised on the principles of Natural Selection. A GA is a search method that functions analogously to an evolutionary process in a biological system as it mimics evolution and competition between individuals in natural selection. It generates a better solution from existing solutions. Neither programmer nor genetic algorithm has to know how to solve a given problem; solution is just bred. Gas is one of the most robust problem solving techniques. They can find solutions of NP-hard problems easily. For problems with a larger parameter space and where the problem itself can be easily specified, GA can be an appropriate solution. In this paper described all the method of association rule mining with genetic algorithm. “Genetic Algorithms are software procedures modeled after genetics and evolution” Index Terms Ensemble System, Association, Classification.

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