Wire Electrical Discharge Machining is a controlled machining process which is used to manufacture geometrically intricate shapes with great accuracy and good surface finish that are difficult to machine with the help of conventional machining processes. WEDM is now growing as an important process in various fields; work has been done to use the technology for fabricating micro components. In this paper a review of the recent work has been done. Some properties and parameters that effects the machining performance of WEDM are also discussed.

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Jib cranes are widely used in industrial facilities all over the world. A typical jib crane consists of a top beam which is rotating around a fixed column. This configuration may be referred to as an L-shaped structure. Current material handling systems exhibit anisotropic behaviour. That is, their two planar degrees of freedom require different amounts of force input from the operator. Movement of these devices is correspondingly difficult. One of the three most prevalent material handling devices, the jib crane, is selected for research into creating isotropic motion. Deflection occurs of T-section as a span of Jib crane which is mention in this project, to optimization of deflection to increase modulus of elasticity. Analysis showed that a T-section will withstand large transverse deflection without in-plane ply failure; the predominant failure mechanism is delaminating in the fillet region. Especially Jib Crane used for circular material handling, it menace radial work.

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There are the selection of roughness geometry has to be based on the parameter that both Thermo-hydraulic Performance of Solar air collector. Number of roughness elements has been investigated on heat transfer & friction characteristics of solar air collectors. In this paper, reviews of various artificial roughness elements used as heat transfer techniques, and improve Thermo-hydraulic performance of solar air collectors is reviewed by using CFD .There are the various results for heat transfer & friction factor for solar air collector by taking different roughness geometries are given & these correlations are predict the Thermo-hydraulic performance of solar air collector having roughened ducts. The aim of this paper is also the awareness of effect of various types’ roughness geometries on heat transfer & friction characteristics of solar air collectors with use of CFD in simplified form.

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In developing India, use of steel for high-rise buildings is increasing day by day. Since we are doing earthquake resistant design but not considering the effect of fire loading in performance of building. Understanding the behavior of steel moment resisting frames with reduced beam section (RBS) under fire loading is critical since many recent events have demonstrated the vulnerability of steel frames to such hazard. In the past few decades, there has been significant progress in structural fire safety analysis and design. However, such analysis relies on simplified methods and experimental data related to structural components, not of the complete systems. There has been very limited attention given on fire safety evaluation at the system level. This paper presents a review of the available experimental and numerical studies on behavior of structural system with RBS connection under fire, current approaches and identifies the research needs and usefulness of RBS connection against connection without RBS for Indian profiles.

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Mobile Ad Hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile hosts forming a temporary network without the aid of any centralized administration, in which individual nodes cooperate by forwarding packets to each other to allow nodes to communicate beyond direct wireless transmission range. Routing protocols of mobile ad-hoc network tend to need different approaches from existing Internet protocols because of dynamic topology, mobile host, distributed environment, less bandwidth, less battery power. Ad Hoc routing protocols can be divided into two categories: table-driven (proactive schemes) and on-demand routing (reactive scheme) based on when and how the routes are discovered. In Table-driven routing protocols each node maintains one or more tables containing routing information about nodes in the network whereas in on demand routing the routes are created as and when required. The table driven routing protocols is Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Routing protocols (DSDV).

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A product recovery system for recovering product from a blister at which there is defect in tablet or empty space. It also checks that the tablet is defective or not before entering in to the brush or hopper. Product recovery consist many system but we are using only tablet and blister inspection system. Blister Inspection system is use to recover the product (Tablets) when there is defect in tablet or some space in the blister is not filling properly.BIS remove all tablets in group so that it will not necessary to remove from the packing which is send to scrap. Same way Tablet Inspection system remove defective tablet which is going to hopper or brush. It is the Tablet pre checking process before entering in to the hopper. Because of that defective tablet cannot use in production work. Recovery depends upon vision system where defect on tablet can found out with the help of camera.

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Oxidation pond is one of the biological systems which are used for the treatment of wastewater. It is considered as the secondary treatment method by which natural purification and stabilization of wastewaters like domestic sewage, trade waste and industrial effluents is accelerated. The biological treatment process in oxidation pond mainly involves an interaction between bacteria, algae and other organisms. It efficiently removes bacteria, biodegradable organics, phosphorous and nitrogen present in the wastewater which is going to be discharged to the receiving streams or any other activities. In this method, 95% to 99% of BOD reduction in wastewater is often possible.

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An OTA works on low voltages and low power consumption. However if the OTA is scaled down below 100nm, it proves to be a challenge, as it results in various short channel effects. These effects are unwanted as it leads to variation in performance. The paper presents simulation of simple Miller OTA circuit in 45 nm Technology using Ngspice simulator and its comparison in 180 nm and 90 nm Technology.

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Today’s consumers can access an astonishing variety of movies, videos, and television shows—on multiple platforms—faster than ever before. Still consumers commit online piracy by downloading or streaming content illegally. The main reason is obvious: price. But other factors also contribute to the growing prevalence of piracy, including earlier access to content, a perception that “everyone is doing it,” and the proliferation of ad-supported websites that offer free content. To avoid piracy and to protect economics behind the copyrights, security mechanisms can be implemented. One of the way is to deliver the media content through a specific carrier(A software, a piece of library, video player, smartphone app, etc.), which makes the content available only through that carrier.

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Refrigeration is one of the most important aspects of thermal environment engineering. The term refrigeration may be defined as the process of removing heat from a substance under controlled conditions. It also includes the process of reducing and maintaining the temperature of a body below the general temperature of its surroundings. In other words, the refrigeration means a continued extraction of heat from a body whose temperature is already below the temperature of its surrounding. There are many applications of refrigeration in our daily life. With the advancement of science and technology, the luxuries of yesterday are necessity of today. In addition, refrigeration embraces industrial refrigeration, including the processing and preservation of food, removing the heat from the substances in chemical, petroleum and petrochemical plants; and many special applications such as those in the manufacturing and construction industries. Medical industries have progressed a lot with application of refrigeration such as drugs and medicine storages, blood and skin storages etc. Refrigeration also has wide application in road, railways, marine and air transport. Refrigeration may be produced by several methods. One of these methods is vapour compression system. It is used in majority of refrigeration applications. In this method, alternately condensation and evaporation takes place. In evaporation, the refrigerant absorbs latent heat from the surrounding to be cool and cooling is accomplished by evaporation of liquid refrigerant at reduced pressure and temperature. While in condensation, it gives out its latent heat to the circulating water/air of cooler. According to the requirement, vapour compression system is further modified for better performance and control. Such systems are compound systems, cascade systems and multi evaporator systems. In many refrigeration installations, different temperature are required to be maintained at various point in the plant such as in hotels, large restaurants, institutions, industrial plants and food markets where the food products are received in large quantities and stored at different temperatures. For example, the fresh fruits, fresh vegetables, fresh cut meats, frozen products, dairy products, canned goods, bottled goods have all different conditions of temperature and humidity for storage. In such cases, each location is cooled by its own evaporator in order to obtain more satisfactory control of the condition. For these type of case, system with more than one evaporator i.e., multi evaporator system is used.Multi evaporator systems yields the higher value of coefficient of performance compared to single evaporator system meant for different temperatures. There is easy control of fluctuations in loads by controlling individual evaporator. Also saving in initial cost and space required are the additional advantages with single compressor multi evaporator systems. Considering the above advantages of multi evaporator system over single evaporator system one can easily recommend its use in similar situations. But generally multi evaporator systems are overlooked by assuming it as complex system and hence a problem arises in maintaining specific temperature conditions economically.

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An Ad Hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes which dynamically forms a temporary network without the use of any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. In mobile Ad Hoc network, each mobile node acts as a host as well as a router. These nodes communicate to each other by Hop – to – Hop communication. AODV is a prominent on-demand reactive routing protocol for mobile Ad Hoc networks. But in existing AODV, there is no security provision against a well-known malicious attack. This type of attack is called cooperative “Black Hole” attack. This paper includes the behavior of the Black Hole node studied by considering different scenarios. Performance of the Black Hole ADOV protocol has been analyzed by varying the number of mobile nodes and black hole nodes. These black hole nodes participate in the network actively and degrade the performance of network eventually. This method first detects a “Black Hole” attack and then gives a new route by passing this node. In this thesis; an attempt has been made to compare the performance of original AODV and modified AODV in the presence of multiple black hole nodes on the basis of throughput and packet delivery ratio.

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High speed execution of arithmetic operations and high degree of precision in real time system are of major concern in any digital signal processing (DSP). Speed of DSP depends on speed of multiplier and algorithm used. In this paper we propose Residue Number System method for fast “carry free” floating point arithmetic operations. Floating Point RNS units have obvious advantages over traditional fixed point multiply & accumulate (MAC) units. Performance of multiplier is enhanced by VHDL implementation of Floating Point Multiplier using ancient Vedic mathematics. The Urdhva Tiryakbhyam sutra is applicable to all cases of multiplication. Any multi-bit multiplication can be reduced down to single bit multiplication and addition using this method. Using these formulas, the carry propagation from LSB to MSB is reduces due to one step generation of partial product. Thus enhanced speed of arithmetic operation is the key challenges in design of MAC using RNS algorithm & Vedic multiplier.

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In the emerging environment of high performance IP networks, it is expected that local and campus area backbones, enterprise networks, and Internet Service Providers (ISPs) will use multi gigabit and terabit networking technologies where IP routers will be used not only to interconnect backbone segments but also to act as points of attachments to high performance wide area links. More importance must be given to new efficient architectures for routers in order to make more effective network. In this paper, we identify important trends in router design and outline some design issues facing the next generation of routers. It is also observed that the achievement of high throughput IP routers is possible if the critical tasks are identified and special purpose modules are properly tailored to perform them. Multiprocessor system on chip is emerging as a new trend for System on chip design but the wire and power design constraints are forcing adoption of new design methods. Researchers pursued a scalable solution to these problems i.e. Network on Chip (NOC).

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This paper deals with the mathematical modeling and availability of feeding system of a sugar plant. Feeding system consist of four subsystems with three possible states: full working state, reduced capacity working and failure. The failure and working states of all subsystems are assumed to be constant. Problem formulation is done by Markov Birth-Death process while the operational behavior of the system is represented by the transition diagram.The model has been developed by considering some assumptions. The data in the feasible range has been selected from a survey of sugar plant and the effect of each subsystems on the system availability is tabulated in the form of matrices, which provide various availability level for different combination of failure and repair rates of all subsystems.

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The cited research summarized in this paper is targeted to implement the proposed agent oriented database model to enhance DSS query-response performance. The implementation of data has taken from student data repository of a university system. Three data set are taken with the volume of hundreds, thousands and lacks records. Data sets of 400 records have been implemented in proposed AODB model to compare query-response performance with the previous experimental review data based on RDBs and MDBs. Query response in terms of execution time is considered as comparison parameter. The results of this experiment have been found which indicates a shift of paradigm from RDBs to MDBs to AODBs data model paradigm justifying improvement in query performance in DSS.

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In proposed method secret fragment visible mosaic image is automatically created by composing small fragments of given secret image into target image. Secret image and target image is divided into small fragments called tile image and target block respectively. Tile images are embedded into similar target blocks, similarity criteria based on color variation. Color characteristics of each tile image are transformed to corresponding target block using color transform algorithm. If size of secret image greater than target image then the secret image is folded using folding algorithm. Recovery of the secret data is nearly lossless. The hash algorithm provides the integrity of secret data. The proposed method is possible for large size secret image data and provides secure and lossless data embedding techniques.

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The aim of this study is to study on effect of HPC containing supplementary cementitious materials such as Alccofine and glass powder. Concrete is generally good future and is unlikely to get replaced by any other material on account of its ease to produce, infinite variability, uniformity, durability and economy. The Alccofine is 6,8,10 and 12% and glass powder content 30% constant mix. We shall be design M70 grade with help of ACI and IS code, This study investigates the performance of concrete mixture in terms of compressive strength, Flexural strength, Sulphate attack test, Chloride attack test and Alkali Attack test at age of 28 and 56 days. In addition to find out the optimum dosage of Alccofine and waste glass powder from mix proportion, Result show that concrete incorporating Alccofine and glass powder have higher compressive strength and Alccofine enhanced the durability of concrete is reduced diffusion. The maximum compressive strength is 10% Alccofine and 30% glass powder is included.

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Supercharging of intake air can improve the engine power and combustion characteristics by boosting the intake pressure above atmospheric pressure. So this is a one type of supercharger. On my basic research, the supercharging performance of a single cylinder gasoline engine on the basic theoretical investigation. Then testing physical models for different rotors and vane rotors are generated and numerical simulations are conducted to determine the desired parameters. Furthermore, sensitivity studies have been performed, to determine the effects of a different number of vanes, inner and outer radius and various angles of vanes.

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Video analysis is very important for many applications such as video surveillance, traffic analysis, vehicle navigation etc. Object detection is fundamental step in video analysis. Object detection is the process of finding instances of real world objects such as faces, bicycle, and building in images or videos. It is challenging to support moving object detection in timely manner. Moreover to automate the video analysis, object detection requires training on some labeled examples. Without this training it is very difficult to analyze moving object. Some methods have been proposed to tackle this problem and these are based on motion information; but these methods are not useful when there is non-rigid motion or dynamic background. These challenges can be addressed in framework called as Detecting Contagious Outlier in the Low-rank representation. It is assumed in DECOLOR that the underlying background images are linearly correlated and the low rank matrix is formed from vectorized video. The moving objects can be detected as an outlier in low-rank representation. This method also integrates the object detection and background learning into single process.

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Mining Erasable itemsets allows the manager to consider their production plan carefully and also ensure the stability of the factory. There are many strategies for finding the erasable itemsets based on Apriori, VME , Mining based on NC Sets ,Difference of NC Sets, Mining Top Rank –K erasable itemsets, MEI and current issues are studied.

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The evolution of optimized routing which is based on Rank based Ant colony optimization Algorithm has been introduced. It finds the best routing for collecting solid waste in cities. Rank based ant colony optimization is a new meta- heuristic technique inspired by the nature of the real ants and helps in finding the optimal solution of the problems. The concept of ranking can be applied and extended to the ant system as follows: after all m ants have generated a tour, the ants are sorted by tour length (L1 ≤L2 ≤∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ ≤ Lm), and the contribution of an ant to the trail level update is weighted according to the rank of the ant. In addition to that, only the best ants are considered. The system tries to implement the solid waste management routing problem using Ant colony optimization. In the research the approach the problem of routing in solid waste management is the main point of focus in thesis. There are many ways to solve the problem of solid waste management. Rank Based Ant colony optimization is a new technology to solve the optimization problem. As routing in solid waste management is a challenge, so in this thesis we are planning to tackle the routing in solid waste management through the technique of Rank Based Ant colony optimization. We have described and tested the three categories of ACO algorithms i.e. ant system algorithm, min-max system and the rank based system. Rank based Ant colony results compared with the Ant system algorithm, Min-Max system. The results were compared by varying the number of trails, number of ants and number of tours. Three main factors were studied in each of the case i.e. average best tour, average number of iterations and average best time. The average best tour and average best time was found worst in case of rank based system. We found average number of iteration is less than the ant system and min-max system. On the basis of average number of iteration, it was found that the rank based system is found better in overall situation.

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Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) is a widely used process for metal joining. Its arc is established between the tip of a no consumable tungsten electrode and the work piece with a shielding gas applied to protect the arc and the weld pool area. The GTAW process can be used in welding a wide variety. This paper shows the detailed literature review of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding.

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In this paper, we investigate the application of android smart phone for measuring traffic noise. The word "noise" is derived from the Latin word "nausea" meaning seasickness. Noise, can be said to be as unwanted serious threat or excessive sound, is an undesirable byproduct of urbanization. This application can be meant to be used instead of conventional noise measurement instrument. Depending upon the filter used, differences in measurements may occur. Devices employing AGC (automatic gain control) will have significant measurement errors. For the present study, this device is used for the collection of data instead of precision sound level meter. The word “sound” and “noise” are two different parameters its not similar at all. When the limit of sound level reached above 70db, it comes in the category of noise. Above 80db it proves to be dangerous to human health including hearing loss and it is said to be noise which should be avoided. The present piece of work highlights the possibility of the prediction of the optimum condition for the analysis of traffic noise. This model is obtained by collecting the experimental data of roadways of different locations recorded by android based software which is pre-calibrated with digital sound meter instrument. By doing so, it reports the accuracy of Smartphone sound measurement applications (apps) and whether they can be appropriately employed for occupational noise measurements.

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Internet has very huge amount of data. Users use these data for their benefit. Users make request from their browser to web server for the information they require. These requests are stored in web log files on web server. Data Preprocessing will help to clean and format Log files. By applying different web mining techniques on these log files; user’s navigation pattern can be mined. These patterns will be helpful for predicting the next web page for user’s on base of their current requests.

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Cloud Computing is considered to be the next generation of information technology framework. It is the next generation computing platforms that can provide dynamic resource pools, virtualization and high availability. The new character brings a lot of new security challenges which have not been taken into account completely in the current cloud computing system. As a consequence, to build a cloud computing data security system is the basis to build cloud computing security system. The different security systems provide a means to check and verify the integrity of the file or data. Thus a mechanism can be implemented using hashcode, which can perform integrity check and also generate an evidence to prove the integrity of the file. Regular integrity check logs can be used to obtain the details if the integrity of the data is compromised or the file is tampered. Thus provides a strong protection against unauthorized access of the data and also maintains the integrity of the data.

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