Monitoring and movement detection system is a system that is used to detect changes made by the person or object. Those changes may be either abnormal behavior or unusual changes that are done by the person or by the object. We use consecutive frames comparison with image subtraction method in our research work. We subtract R,G and B value of the two consecutive frame pixel by pixel which gives us better result compare to others. By using this we extract the little movement in the real time video or any recorded video. In this technique, we have to arrange a high quality camera that will monitor. This camera will save the different frames taken at different point of time. These frames can then be analyzed by the user at a later point of time. This research work is very helpful for video surveillance, security purposes, patient movement detection and for anywhere we want to detect movement. Because in many situations, only a minor movement made is detected plays an important role.The algorithm is implemented in MATLAB and the results demonstrate that the accuracy is very promising. The algorithm can be used in video based applications such as automatic video surveillance, motion-based recognition or anywhere we want to detect the movement of person or object. In this it gives us the percentage of movement detection w.r.t time and it also generates an alarm to notify the user for some unusual movement.

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There are a many network attacks on the Internet, and they are increasing each year. The condition of internet attacks is on the increase toward a distributed, collaborative direction. Internet attacks exhaust a lot of resources, take up a lot of bandwidth, making the victim host cannot accept normal network requests, resulting in substantial economic losses. In this paper explain three different methods to detect DDoS attack. This paper is based on the analysis of the distribution of network traffic, using detection method based on the analysis of the correlation of IP addresses. Next method of DDoS attacks called stealthy DDoS attacks, which can be launched by complicated attackers. Such attacks are different from traditional DDoS attacks in that they cannot be detected by previous detection methods effectively. In response to this type of DDoS attacks, in this paper a detection approach based on time-series decomposition, which divides the original time series into trend and random components. It then applies a double autocorrelation method and an superior cumulative sum technique to the trend and random components, respectively, to detect anomalies in both components.

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English Character Recognition techniques expanded in the field of pattern recognition research in the recent years and its progress is quite high. But for Indian regional languages are it is still emerging approach and progress is too slow. In Gujarat, so many of people use Gujarati in speaking and writing. Nowadays the entire world is digitized. We can see substantial demand of digital documentation in any field like postal services, data entry, publishing house, automation, and banking systems. In the field of research neural network is one of the largest domain that can be implemented in number of day to day activity problems. One of the important application of neural network is classification. Classification means shorting of any data or entity. It may be using computer, classification of peanuts, classification of letters in post office, recognition of disease from MRI image, or it may be classification or recognition of characters. A brief history of OCR, various approaches and progress to character recognition for Gujarati Language along with their status is also discussed in this paper.

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Wire electrical discharge machining process is a highly complex, time varying & stochastic process. The process output is affected by large no of input variables. Therefore a suitable selection of input variables for the wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) process relies heavily on the operators technology & experience because of their numerous & diverse range. WEDM is extensively used in machining of conductive materials when precision is of prime importance. Rough cutting operation in wire EDM is treated as challenging one because improvement of more than one performance measures viz. Metal removal rate(MRR), surface finish & cutting width (kerf), Dimensional derivation, Cutting Speed, Machining Time are sought to obtain precision work. In this work an approach to determine parameters setting is proposed. Using taguchi‟s parameter design , significant machining parameters affecting using Copper, Brass, Tugstan carbide and aluminum wire electrode, the performance measures are identified as pulse peak current , pulse on time, pulse off time, Flushing Pressure, Wire Speed, Wire tension and duty factor . The effect of each control factor on the performance measure is studied individually using the plots of signal to noise ratio, Grey relation Analysis and ANN and ANOVA Technique, The study demonstrates that the WEDM process parameters can be adjusted so as to achieve better metal removal rate, surface finish, electrode wear rate.

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Gas tungsten arc welding is one of the widely used techniques for joining ferrous and non ferrous metals. GTAW offers several advantages like joining of dissimilar metals, absence of slag, low heat affected zone etc. Gas Tungsten Arc Welding is an electric arc welding process, in which the fusion energy is produced by an electric arc burning between the work piece and the tungsten electrode. During the welding process the electrode, the arc and the weld pool are protected against the damaging effects of the atmospheric air by an inert shielding gas. By means of a gas nozzle the shielding gas is lead to the welding zone where it replaces the atmospheric air. The welding parameters are selected based on experience or from a handbook by operator. However, this does not ensure that the selected welding process parameters can produce the optimal or near optimal weld metal properties for that environment a particular welding machine. The aim of this paper is to effect on mechanical and metallurgical properties of dissimilar metal (304 stainless steel and CP-copper) weld by GTAW process.

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Now a day’s security is the primary concerned in the field of computer science. Intrusion detection system provides stronger security services with the help of rules. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) has recently emerged as an important component for enhancing information system security. However, constructing and maintaining a misuse intrusion detection system for a network is labor– intensive, since attack scenarios and patterns need to be analyzed and categorized. Moreover, the rules corresponding to the scenarios and patterns need to be carefully hand-coded. In such situations, data mining can be used to ease this inconvenience. All most all-existing intrusion detection systems focus on attacks at low-level, and only produced isolated alerts. It is known that existing IDS can’t find any type of logical relations among alerts. This research proposes an intrusion detection system that uses a combination of classification and clustering algorithms to detect intrusions. Basically this model work on misuse and anomaly detection mode, it will use an approach to extract features from arriving data packets and will apply the algorithm to get the rule for match normal and abnormal behavior. The main advantage of this approach is that the system can be trained with unlabeled data and is capable of detecting previously “unseen” attacks.

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In this research work, the surface micro structure of piston rings is changed by Laser Surface Texturing method, in order to change wear resistant. Piston Ring with full Laser Surface Texturing will be compared to base data say Un-textured Piston Rings. Average percentage of Reduction in Friction is 31.94% by using Laser surface texturing piston ring.

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This paper illustrates that the study of Landslides and its types along with the impact of landslide in the state of Uttarakhand. The event of occurrence of landslides in the state of Uttarakhand is very common now a days. In this paper I have studied about the types and impact of landslide in the hilly area of Uttarakhand. The aim of this paper is to mention about the types of landslide so that people can know about it and can take necessary measurement at the time of occurrence of this disaster.

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In this paper we have Design a simple model of plastic welding system that joins the thermoplastics parts. This project is used to join the plastic parts by the application of heat with the help of electric supply and spring force. A separate plastic rod is loaded in the gun and that rod is melted by the positive and negative power supply to join the two plastic parts. The melted plastic is poured over the required plastic parts that to be joined. The plastic rod is loaded manually over the spring. And the AC power supply is given to the copper nozzle so which the heat is produced and the plastic rod is melted. As the plastic rod is being melted, the length of the rod is gradually reduced. The rod is pushed out to the power supply zone by the spring action for continuous process of welding. This plastic welding gun is compact in design and portable.

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The key generation centre could decrypt any messages addressed to specific users by generating their private keys. This is not suitable for data sharing scenarios where the data owner would like to make their private data only accessible to designated users key. So overcome this problem we propose escrow problem which means a written agreement delivered to a third party and Attribute-based encryption (ABE) is a promising Cryptographic approach fine-grained data access control which is provides a way of defining access policies based on different attributes of the requester, environment, or the data object. The KGC can decrypt every cipher text addressed to specific users by generating their attribute keys.

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As with the advancement of the IT technologies, the amount of accumulated data is also increasing. It has resulted in large amount of data stored in databases, warehouses and other repositories. Thus the Data mining comes into picture to explore and analyze the databases to extract the interesting and previously unknown patterns and rules known as association rule mining. In data mining, Association rule mining becomes one of the important tasks of descriptive technique which can be defined as discovering meaningful patterns from large collection of data. Mining frequent item set is very fundamental part of association rule mining .As in retailer industry many transactional databases contain same set of transactions many times, to apply this thought, in this thesis present an improved Apriori algorithm that guarantee the better performance than classical Apriori algorithm.

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The issues of sustainability are of prime concerns these days as we use large amount of natural resources for producing materials such as concrete. The recent trend in construction industry is to use the alternative source of construction materials which can substitute the use of virgin materials in order to reduce environmental impact in terms of energy consumption, pollution, waste disposal and global warming. The present paper gives a brief status of recycled aggregate concrete made out of recycled aggregate, summarizes and critically analyses some of the most important research findings over the past few years. Most studies have shown that the long-term properties of RAC are inferior to those of natural aggregate concrete (NAC), and some researchers have observed that the long-term properties are better than those of NAC. RAC's properties are affected by many factors such as recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement percentage, water-cement ratio, mineral admixtures and mix proportions. The long-term properties of RAC can be improved through better Control of these factors. This paper will be helpful for an understanding of and further research on RAC, and provides an important basis and references for the engineering applications of RAC.

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Image segmentation is the problem of partitioning an image into meaningful parts, often consisting of an object and background. As an important part of many imaging applications, e.g. face recognition, tracking of moving cars and people etc, it is of general interest to design robust and fast segmentation algorithms. However, it is well accepted that there is no general method for solving of all segmentation problems. Instead, the algorithms have to be highly adapted to the application in order to achieve good performance. In this thesis, we will study segmentation methods for medical images. The need for accurate segmentation tools in medical applications is driven by the increased capacity of the imaging devices. Common modalities such as CT and MRI generate images which simply cannot be examined manually, due to high resolutions and a large number of image slices. Furthermore, it is very difficult to visualize complex structures in three-dimensional image volumes without cutting away large portions of, perhaps important, data. Tools, such as segmentation, can aid the medical staff in browsing through such large images by highlighting objects of particular importance. In addition, segmentation in particular can output models of organs, tumours and other structures for further analysis, quantification or simulation.

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Various hardware platforms have already been designed to test the many ideas spawned by the re-search community and to implement applications Wireless Sensor Networks is growing day by day and also its Security is a burning issue. at the same time, offer numerous challenges energy constraints, size of hardware, computational cost and power utilization to which sensing nodes are typically subjected. And for security, Key Management is a challenging issue. Key pre-distribution schemes are evolved in order to achieve performance. The security requirements like Global connectivity, Local Connectivity, Resiliency Key Sharing Probability and Network Scalability are to be Surveyed. A wireless sensor network (WSN) has important applications such the use of sensor networks was first limited to Military applications only but now it has its wings spread over civilian applications such as Health monitoring, Industries, environmental sensing, target tracking, wild life monitoring and communications on commercial scale and also remote environmental monitoring. Result is the availability, particularly in recent years, of sensors that are smaller, cheaper, intelligent and faster. Since Wireless Sensor Networks have become popular in recent past. A lot of research has been carried out in this field to improve hardware specifications, protocols for communications and information security. The goal of our survey is to present a comprehensive review of the recent literature on the protocols and the constrains which they are effecting. Gathering information for the protocols working and survey on how they are improved than the others and which factors are to altered to further improve them. We are so, giving a survey on the protocols used for security and the factor they effect.

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Work study is most effective tool for any enterprise to determine standard time and increase the productivity. This method is useful for simplify the operation and reduction of operation whenever possible. Automation is suitable for mass production but medium size enterprise it is not preferable. So Time and motion study technique is useful for investigation of the process. And by this method we can categorize needless activity and decrease them. This method leads to modify in process layout for effective utilization of machinery and manpower for improving productivity.

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This monograph on "Teaching Vocabulary" grew out of my teaching and resources production in the field of English Language Teaching as foreign language teaching, for a number of years. I believe that this article will be found highly useful for the teacher training courses in India and South Asia. This article discusses various linguistic, psychological and educational aspects of acquisition, use, and teaching of vocabulary. Initially, the author begins with discussion on the criteria that are used to identify word, the concept of word according to some Indian grammarians, and seeks to classify the vocabulary stock of an individual or of a language according to certain criteria on the basis of the shared characteristics of vocabulary. It further discusses how vocabulary items are generated in a language. In order to prepare the instructional materials, and in order to understand the vocabulary of the speakers of a language, various types of vocabulary studies are conducted in India and abroad.

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Recently, there has been a global trend among the telecommunication industry on the rapid deployment of IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) infrastructure and services. While the industry rushes into the IPTV era, the comprehensive under- standing of the status and dynamics of IPTV network lags behind. Meeting customer expectations and providing service guarantees over such a network can be hard, but it is also an interesting field of research. IPTV represents a new way of watching TV users can now choose to watch their favorite show regardless of time and place, and on most devices. The power has shifted from service providers to consumers, which is reason for the increased attention to QoE. Quality of Experience (QoE) is the customers' perception of how good of a job the service provider is doing delivering the service.

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Data Mining is a process of discovering information or knowledge from the data warehouse. In today's world, people are concerned about their privacy and secrecy. Though data mining has emerged as a significant technology, individual privacy concerns has been growing with the use of this technology. This problem is addressed with a new branch of data mining, known as privacy preserving data mining, which incorporates the mechanism for protecting sensitive information. Privacy preserving data mining deals with hiding an individual's sensitive identity without sacrificing the usability of data. Many organizations and businesses wants to secure their data from illegitimate access. In that priority is given to data privacy and security concerns. It must be necessary for them to share their information about data for the sake of getting satisfactory results. The problem is how these individuals or parties can compare their data or share it without disclosing the sensitive data to each other.

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Software defined radio (SDR) is a radio in which the properties of carrier frequency, signal bandwidth, modulation, and several other characteristics are defined by software. Today's SDR is turning the hardware problems into software problems, some or all of the physical layer functions are software defined. Digital down conversion (DDC) and Digital up conversion (DUC) is one of the core technologies in SDR, as well as an important component of digital intermediate frequency (IF) receiver system. Cascade Integrator Comb (CIC) filters are widely used in multirate signal processing as a filter in both decimator (decrease in the sampling rate) and interpolator (increase in the sampling rate). In this paper a CIC filter, an optimized class of linear filters is implemented for digital up conversion (DUC) and digital down conversion (DDC) for efficient transmission and reception in Software Defined Radio (SDR) communication system. In this project a full-fledged digital down conversion and digital up conversion systems are developed in VHDL for FPGA based software defined radio applications. The CIC based architecture is implemented in VHDL and will be tested on Xilinx FPGAs. All the modules functionality is verified with Modelsim simulator. Xilinx ISE tools are used for FPGA synthesis, Place & Route and timing analysis. Spartan 3E development board with Chipscope Pro Analyzer tool is used for on-chip verification.

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Heat pipe is a special type of heat exchanger that transfers large amount of heat due to the effect of capillary action and phase change heat transfer principle.Traditional fluids have poor heat transfer properties compared to most solids. The objective of this paper is to present an overview of literature dealing with the study of heat transfer using nanofluids in heat pipes.Influence of various factors such as heat input, fill ratio, % concentration, heat flux, dry run condition, wet run condition, inclination angle, nano particles size and its effect on thermal performance.

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Anaerobic digestion and food waste (FW) using Single-stage and two-stage reactors were studied to compare reactor startup, reactor stability and performance with respect to methane yield, volatile solids reduction and energy yield. The single-stage reactor (SSR) was a conventional reactor operated at a low loading rate with a maximum of 3% of total Solids, while the two-stage reactor consisted of an acidonegic reactor (TSAR) and a methanogenic reactor (TSMR). The TSAR was inoculated with methanogenic sludge similar to the SSR, but was operated with step-wise increase in the loading rate and with total recirculation of reactor solids to convert it into acidification sludge. Before each feeding, part of the sludge from TSAR was centrifuged, the centrifuge liquid (solubilized products) was fed to the TSMR and centrifuged solids were recycled back to the reactor. Single-stage digestion produced maximum methane yield of 1000 ml/d as CH4. The TSAR shifted to acidification mode at an (organic loading rate) OLR of 3% of total solid and then achieved stable performance at 4% of total solid and pH 6.53-6.68, a maximum methane yield of 3010 ml/d. The lower energy yield of the two-phase system was due to the loss of energy during hydrolysis in the TSAR and the deficit in methane production in the TSMR attributed to chemical oxygen demand (COD) loss due to biomass synthesis and adsorption of hard COD onto the flocs. These results including the complicated operational procedure of the two-stage process and the economic factors suggested that the two-stage process could be the preferred system for FW.

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M2M communication is quickly gaining popularity because of its endless possibilities. In order to take advantage of this new technology we need to use more advance networks like the 3GPP LTE/LTE-A which deliver higher throughput and can handle more active devices. LTE networks were mainly designed for H2H communication meaning that we cannot just use M2M devices over it without any optimization. LTE networks have a power saving mechanism known as Discontinuous Reception (DRX). M2M devices spend most of their time in the idle state therefore more optimization needs to be carried out in the idle state. In this paper, a survey of the available power saving mechanisms like reducing the RRC Inactivity timer, extending the DRX paging cycle and switching off the radio transceiver are studied and analyzed. Then a DRX configuration switching mechanism is proposed so as to save battery power but also ensure that delay (latency) is controlled at the same time. Further an algorithm has been proposed to be implemented at the eNB (base station) so as to assist it with the switching mechanism.

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This machine targets the small scale farmers who have land area of less than 2 acres. This machine is compact and can cut up to two rows of soybean plant. It has cutting blades which cut the crop in a scissoring type of motion. It runs on diesel engine of 3HP, this power from engine, is provided through pulley and gear box arrangement to the cutter. A collecting mechanism is provided for the collection of crops to one side after cutting. This mechanism is also powered by pulley arrangement. This compact harvester is manufactured using locally available spare parts and thus, it is easily maintainable. This harvester might be the solution to the problems faced by a small scale farmer regarding cost and labour implementation. After testing this machine in farm it is found that the cost of harvesting using this harvester is considerably less as compare to manual harvesting.

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This research aims to design mathematical model to predict road traffic noise levels of Mount Abu city. Since, in 1972, WHO announced it as a type of pollution. The word "sound" and "noise" are two different parameters its not similar at all. When the limit of sound level reached above 70db, it comes in the category of noise. Above 80db it proves to be dangerous to human health including hearing loss and it is said to be noise which should be avoided. The present piece of work highlights the possibility of the prediction of the optimum condition for the analysis of traffic noise. This model is obtained by collecting the experimental data of roadways of different locations of Mount Abu City recorded by android based software which is pre-calibrated with digital sound meter instrument. By doing so, it reports the accuracy of Smartphone sound measurement applications (apps) and whether they can be appropriately employed for occupational noise measurements. This research is also important because it proves that noise level of Mount Abu city is less than as compared to other urban cities.

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The objective of the investigation is to develop a Reinforced Concrete Beam with hollow neutral axis which may replace the position of reinforced concrete beam in near future. However, in RC beams strength of concrete lying in and near the neutral axis is not fully utilized. So this un-utilized concrete is removed by replacing with any light-weight material. The material incorporated in the concrete beam is PVC pipe, which occupy the concrete volume in the neutral axis, where the compression and tension is zero thereby making the beam hollow. The properties of PVC is not been used since it is used only as a filler material in concrete. Specimens of solid RC beams and Hollow RC beams are cast and tested for four point flexure. Then the results are compared and the effects are studied. The self weight of this developed RC beams are expected to be reduced with the decrease in concrete volume hence proving the beams to be economical. Experimental validation is carried out analytically with ANSYS 12.1 software.

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