The expansion of the Internet has frequently increased the availability of digital data such as audio, images and videos to the public. In this paper we have presented a Novel technique using Arnold transform and discrete wavelet transform for color images. The binary watermark is processed by using error correcting coding. Arnold transform is applied for the best scrambling and the watermark is embedded in the B channel of the scrambled pixels. Discrete wavelet transform method is applied on the embedded image for further security. The proposed method concludes to give better results comparatively in aspects of image transformations and enhancement.

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As the use of computers in our day-to-day life increases, the computing resources that we need also go up. For companies like Google and Microsoft, harnessing the resources as and when they need it is not a problem. But when it comes to smaller enterprises, affordability becomes a huge factor. With the huge infrastructure come problems like machines failure, hard drive crashes, software bugs, etc. This might be a big headache for such a community. Cloud Computing offers a solution to this situation. Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, IBM and Amazon have started providing cloud computing services. In this paper, a survey of the different security risks that pose a threat to the cloud is presented. This paper is a survey more specific to the different security issues in cloud computing system.

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Trust management has received a lot of attention recently as it is an important component of decision making for electronic commerce, Internet interactions. Email based trust management system prevent the email based fraud. In this paper I am going to explain the trust management approach for the e-mail based environment encryption system using digital signature. Simple Mail Transport Protocol is the most widely adopted protocol for e-mail delivery. However, it lacks security features for privacy, authentication of sending party, integrity of e-mail message, nonrepudiation and consistency of e-mail envelope. This digital signature system takes into account the device limitations and thus generates a functional digital signature. Email is encrypted with the public key of receiver and decrypted by receiver’s private key & the email is sign by digital signature so that email server can accept that email.

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Since last 15 years the Watermarking techniques have drawn a lot of interest of the researchers, in reversing the original cover image as well as the watermarked information or also restoring the logo. This paper explores various reversible image watermarking techniques for digital images to achieve very high data embedding capacity while keeping distortion as low as possible. Various terms related to image watermarking are explored in this paper.

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In this paper describes and performance an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)-based energy management system (EMS) of a grid-connected hybrid system for smart grid application. As a part of hybrid system consists of wind turbine (WT) and photovoltaic (PV) solar panels as a primary energy sources. Then rectified wind output and solar panel output which combined given to SEPIC converters in order to connect them to a central DC grid. Additionally, it connects the hybrid system to the single-phase inverter and smart grid. This smart grid consists of new bidirectional intelligent semiconductor transformer (BIST), high frequency ac-dc rectifier and low voltage dc-dc converter hybrid switching dc-ac converter.

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Electricity is essential in the economic development of any nation. Due to rapid growth of economy and industrial development in India, the demand for use of electricity has increased rapidly. Power generation capacity in India is 70 percent thermal, with the remaining being hydro and nuclear. Thermal generation is mainly based on steam generation using a coal-fired boiler. This paper deals with the determination of efficiency of boiler and calculates the heat losses in Suryalakshmi thermal power plant, Nagardhan of 25 MW unit and try to give some suggestions to reduce heat losses. Power Plant play very important role in improving the economic condition, competitive advantage, life style, of people in any country. The understanding of the structure, i.e., system and connectivity between different systems and It is useful for estimating the contribution of different attributes of the performance of the system. Any Production system should be kept failure free under the given operative conditions to achieve the set goals of economical production and long run performance. A highly reliable system tends of increases the efficiency of production. Efficient power generation is expected to make more power available at a lower cost.

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Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) is a system which is used for the purpose of secure e-mails and messages communication over open network. PGP is important to implement secure and efficiency of e-mail messages, it is a security tool which enables the users to secure their damaging information, ands sensitive data by making their stored documents and e-mails safe and secured. Cryptography is used in relation of protecting the information and keep it safe and secret. The cryptography is the practice and study of hiding specific information; it is used to keep the information secret and safe. When a message is sent using cryptography, it is changed (or encrypted) before it is sent. The change makes the message hard to read. If someone wants to read it, they need to change it back (or decrypt it). How to change it back is a secret. Both the person that sends the message and the one that gets it should know the secret way to change it, but other people should not be able to. There are steps to do that when the message is decoded and sent by the sender choosing appropriate method and after that when it is received decoded by the recipient. Cryptography in digital world offers three core areas that protect data from attempt to be taken, taking or an unauthorized use of data. Cryptography covers these essential areas: Authentication, Confidentiality, integrity.

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Some expertise are required for making the decision of data mining. But some organizations get help from some external adviser for the process of data mining because they don’t have their own adviser. At the time of getting advice from the external advisor risk is occurred. The loss of business intelligence and customer data privacy and security related problems arises. It is the challenging issue in the data mining. The data owner has some private data or property like association rules contained in outsourced database. However the integrity of mining results can affect badly if the service provider is not trustworthy. To overcome this problem a heuristic based algorithm called as MDSRRC (Modified Decrease Support of R.H.S item of Rule Clusters) is projected. With the multiple items in antecedent that is L.H.S and consequent that is R.H.S, this algorithm hides the sensitive association rules. The existing rule hiding algorithm DSRRC limitations are overcome by our algorithm. Transactions and items are selected by the projected algorithm based on certain criteria which modify the transactions to hide the sensitive information. This algorithm maintains the database quality and it will be highly efficient.

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the architecture of two-tiered sensor networks, where storage nodes serve as an intermediate tier between sensors and a sink for storing data and processing queries, has been widely adopted because of the benefits of power and storage saving for sensors as well as the efficiency of query processing. However, the importance of storage nodes also makes them attractive to attackers. SafeQ, a protocol that prevents attackers from gaining information from both sensor collected data and sink issued queries. SafeQ also allows a sink to detect compromised storage nodes when they misbehave. To preserve privacy, SafeQ uses a novel technique to encode both data and queries such that a storage node can correctly process encoded queries over encoded data without knowing their values. To preserve integrity, two schemes—one using Merkle hash trees and another using a new data structure called neighbourhood chains—to generate integrity verification information so that a sink can use this information to verify whether the result of a query contains exactly the data items that satisfy the query. To improve performance, we propose an optimization technique using Bloom filters to reduce the communication cost between sensors and storage nodes.

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Encryption and Decryption are two fundamental approaches in network security and cryptography. Both of these tools or we can say techniques are most commonly used nowadays. If we want to perform secure communication between sender and receiver than encryption and decryption are very useful. For this purpose, public key cryptography and private key cryptography is used. Here we present, we present an overview of the existing cryptographic system and will see some of the problems that arise in the existing cryptosystem. Then after we present the brief introduction of the proposed system and provide advantages of our proposed system.

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A major challenge for all high resolution low frequency radio astronomy is measuring and removing the effects of the ionosphere. The isoplanatic patch size for frequencies below a few hundred MHz is generally much smaller than the field of view. In addition, aperture arrays have beams on the sky which vary dramatically with observing geometry. These beams require careful calibration to be stable and known in order to allow imaging. It is noted that large radio telescope arrays such as the Very Large Array and Very Long Baseline Array at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory challenge the state of the art of microwave technology in many areas. Examples include the design of optimized sparse arrays and the design and the economic construction of high-performance, frequency-flexible antennas, reliable low-noise receivers, and highly phase stable local oscillator systems. Three-decade frequency range, greatly improved sensitivity and angular resolution that matches the capabilities of planned instruments in other frequency domains, are challenges that are now being investigated. Instruments for radio astronomical observations have come a long way. While the first telescopes were based on very large dishes and two-antenna interferometers, current Instruments consist of dozens of steerable dishes, whereas future instruments will be even larger distributed sensor arrays with a hierarchy of phased array elements. For such arrays to provide meaningful output (images), accurate calibration is of critical importance. Calibration must solve for the unknown antenna gains and phases as well as the unknown atmospheric and ionospheric disturbances. Future telescopes will have a large number of elements and a large field of view (FOV). In this case, the parameters are strongly direction-dependent, resulting in a large number of unknown parameters, even if appropriately constrained physical or phenomenological descriptions are used. This makes calibration a daunting parameter-estimation task.

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In the current scenario, stepper motors are being used for diverse applications due to its flexibility and ease of control. This paper deals with the control of stepper motor using NI myRIO, because it is less complex to work with LabVIEW programming, which is pretty simple. The pulse required to run the stepper motor is generated using NI myRIO and interfaced with LabVIEW with the help of code generated in the system. The supply voltage is given to the motor through a voltage driver circuit and the motor’s speed is controlled by varying the time delay in the LabVIEW program simulation specifications. Here, unipolar stepper motor is taken into consideration and wave drive or full step drive method is used, since this type of method is easy to implement. Position sensors may get affected by EMI and temperature so we are going in for sensor less control. This mechanical motion obtained using the stepper motor can be used in various industrial and real time applications as well.

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Wireless Sensor Networks sends data from sender to base station using number of sensors. However, the multi hop routing of WSNs often becomes the target of malicious attacks. Traditional cryptographic-based security mechanism have proved to be ineffective against several hard-to-detect insider attacks such as wormhole attack, sinkhole attack, sybil attack, selective forwarding attack, etc. These attacks further produce severe impacts on replaying of routing information and also aggravate identity deception. Present routing algorithms and protocols could not solve these severe problems. For such circumstances, TARF can be used to provide a trustworthiness and energy efficient route without any known geographic information or tight time synchronization. Most importantly, TARF proves effective against those harmful attacks developed out of identity deception; the resilience of TARF is verified through extensive evaluation with both simulation and empirical experiments on large-scale WSNs under various scenarios including mobile and networks. Other WSNs related problem is Denial of Service which is caused by many popular attacks. DoS attacks are complex and serious problem affecting not only a victim but the victim’s legitimate clients as well. TARF provides protection against above mentioned attacks but fails to ensure protection against DoS. In our proposed system, we make an endeavour to introduce a mechanism to tackle DoS attacks on the wireless sensor network which would further strengthen its security in all aspects.

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The project is about developing an Enhanced Driving License (EDL) which provides a proof of identity and a way to access details about license holders past record. The project consists of three modules NFC tag, handheld mobile device to scan the NFC tag and MVD’s database. The first module consists of a NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION chip that will signal a secure system to pull up your biographic and biometric data for the officer. The second module consists of a handheld device carried by the officer which scans the NFC tag. The third module consists of a MVD database related to licensee's past record which will be accessed by the officer by scanning the NFC tag.

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In mobile Ad hoc networks, the adversarial nodes can easily attack the networks. These adversarial nodes affect the performance in networks. So it is more important to identify the neighbors in MANET. Neighbor discovery and position verification is an important part of mobile Ad hoc networks. The mobile nodes required to identify and verify the neighbor’s position which minimizes the adversary attacks. In this survey paper, various approaches are discussed for the neighbor discovery and position verification.

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In conventional two stroke engine, power is delivered by igniting the charge (Air+Fuel) by the spark plug. when the compression of charge is near about to finish with help of piston approaching to Top dead center(TDC) at that time spark jumps between the electrode of spark plug which ignite the charge. Due to the design of combustion chamber and other factors like, rich mixture, lean mixture, turbulence, complete combustion of fuel is not achieved and result in power losses, increasing in temperature of cylinder, piston etc and produces the exhaust emission. In two-stroke single cylinder petrol engine if four spark plugs is used to ignite the fuel than we can achieved the complete combustion of fuel which is not achieved by using single spark plug as mono spark plug provide less spark. The complete combustion of fuel leads to reduction in exhaust emission like hydrocarbons (HC) carbon monoxide (co)and oxides of nitrogen (NOx).

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Low power and high speed digital circuits are basic needs for any of digital circuit; De-multiplexer is a basic circuit for any digital circuit. In this paper de-multiplexer has been designed using CMOS, transmission gate pseudo nmos logic. The performance of designs has been compared in terms of power consumption, delay and transistor counts. The proposed design demonstrates the superiority in terms of power dissipation, delay and transistor counts, compared with existing 1:4 de-multiplexer and comparative analysis on 90nm and 45nm technology. The schematic of developed de-multiplexer has been designed and simulated using Tanner EDA tool.

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Many approaches had been proposed for travel time prediction in recent years. Travel time prediction for urban network in real time is challenging, because we have to overcome several factors: complexity and path routing problem in urban network, nonexistence of real-time sensor data and lacking real-time events consideration. In this paper, we propose a heuristic approach based on real-time travel time prediction model which contains real-time and historical travel time predictors to forecast travel time for public transport system. The proposed framework uses three GPS-Data fields (Date-Time, Latitude, and Longitude) to estimate Travel Time, Distance and Speed. As a case study, we have maintained a database for day-to-day traffic behavior of Pune, India. The implementation of this framework will show that using only three GPS data fields, travel time prediction can be achieved.

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In earlier days we have techniques like Bucketization and Generalization for Privacy preservation. Since these two techniques have some disadvantages like, for high dimensional data we can’t use Generalization as it loses considerable amount of information. Also Bucketization on the other hand, does not prevent membership disclosure and does not apply for data that do not have a clear separation between quasi-identifying attributes and sensitive attributes. Hence, to overcome above disadvantages, we are introducing new technique called as Slicing, which partitions the data both horizontally and vertically. Slicing preserves better data utility than generalization and can be used for membership disclosure protection. Another important advantage of slicing is that it can handle high-dimensional data. We show how slicing can be used for attribute disclosure protection. Our experiments confirm that slicing preserves better utility than generalization and is more effective than Bucketization involving the sensitive attribute. Our experiments also demonstrate that slicing can be used to prevent membership disclosure.

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Classification is one of the most familiar data mining Technique and model finding process that is used for transmission the data into different classes according to particular condition. Further the classification is used to forecast group relationship for precise data instance. It is generally construct models that are used to predict potential statistics trends. Medical science industry has huge amount of data, but unfortunately most of this data is not mined to find out hidden information in data, advanced data mining techniques can be used to discover hidden pattern in data. This Present study and analysis of various classification algorithms in data mining. This paper also presents the comparative study on four classification algorithms such as naïve bayes, CART, J48Graft, JRip algorithms using breast cancer dataset. The comparative results show that the J48Graft algorithm gives best classification accuracy than the rest of the algorithms. The algorithms also compared based on the execution time and error rate.

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The aim of this paper is to help the Auto-Rickshaw drivers and the passenger to interact with each other and also to server each other in an efficient way. This application will be used by customer to get the Auto-Rickshaw by one click on android phones, to find nearest to his cellular zone with the help of GPS tracking system and by clicking on customer can call them. Driver side application provides location tracking system to start location tracking and to stop tracking location is done socket listener services. The socket listener will keep on updating the information of Auto-Rickshaw driver in the database also it will continuously put the location based information of the Auto-Rickshaw driver in the database. To find nearest Auto-Rickshaw driver, we are using Haversine Formula that provides us distance in KM. this application will be useful for the Auto-Rickshaw Drivers to get the customer , to save the unnecessary wastage of fuel and also to increase their daily profit margin.

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Cloud storage enables users to remotely store their data. Many users place their data in the cloud and so data integrity is very important issue in cloud storage. After moving the data to the cloud, owner hopes that their data and applications are in secured manner. But that hope may fail sometimes that is the owner’s data may be altered or deleted. Numerous present remote integrity inspection methods can only serve for static collection data and not to the audit service as the data in the cloud can be dynamically updated. Thus, an efficient and secure dynamic auditing protocol is desired to convince data owners that the data are correctly stored in the cloud. Thus, design an auditing framework for cloud storage systems can be built and put forwards an efficient and privacy-preserving auditing protocol. Then, here extend auditing protocol to support the data dynamic operations, which is efficient and provably secure. Again, further extending to provide the data integrity to the data present in cloud by using algorithms. Again to preserve integrity of file stored in cloud and provide better privacy for user slicing technique is added.

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Noise pollution generated from vehicles with its influence on life quality and the environment may be considered as a hot topic in scientific research and one of the main concerns of the world, especially in urban areas, regarded as growing problem of communities. Due to explosion of population, industrialization the transportation in urban has been increased to unimaginary heights. Hence, vehicular traffic has been increased and road traffic noise levels are increased simultaneously. In order to implement effective measures against traffic noise, the information about its distribution in the form of Noise maps is imperative. In this study, Noise mapping using Geographical information system (GIS) has been reviewed.

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Data sharing is an important functionality in cloud storage. Data owner maintains the shared data under cloud data centers. Semi-trusted third party servers are used to manage medical records. Personal Health Record (PHR) is used to create, manage and control their personal health data in one place through the web. Patient data can be shared with healthcare providers, family members and friends. Sensitive details are managed in medical records. Data owner decides the access privileges for the medical records. The Existing Public-key cryptosystems produce constant-size ciphertexts with efficient delegation of decryption rights for any set of ciphertexts. One can aggregate any set of secret keys and make them as compact as a single key. The secret key holder can release a constant-size aggregate key for flexible choices of ciphertext set in cloud storage. This compact aggregate key can be conveniently sent to others or be stored in a smart card with very limited secure storage. The key aggregation system is divided into five major steps. They are Setup, KeyGen, Encrypt, Extract and Decrypt. The setup process is designed to creating an account on an untrusted server by the data owner. The keygen process is executed by the data owner to randomly generate a public/master-secret key pair. Encrypt process is executed by anyone using public key and index value. Extract is carried out by the data owner for delegating the decrypting power for a certain set of ciphertext classes to a delegate. Decrypt is executed by a delegate who received an aggregate key KS generated by Extract. Patient controlled encryption scheme is designed using Key Aggregate cryptosystem (KAC).The proposed key aggregate cryptosystem is enhanced with boundary less ciphertext classes. The system is improved with device independent key distribution mechanism. The key distribution process is enhanced with security features to protect key leakage. The key parameter transmission process is integrated with the ciphertext download process.

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Diabetes has become a serious health issue of this century. To overcome this situation Continuous Monitoring of glucose is necessary which is quite challenging task. The use of Non-invasive technique for measuring Blood Glucose level is a better way for Continuous Monitoring. Automation in Insulin Delivery to the patient has also become a boon to Diabetes therapy. This paper aims to combine the concepts of continuous monitoring and automated insulin delivery. The proposed work is to design a completely automated diabetic therapy system which can be used by the patient himself/herself without assistance. The measurement of glucose level is achieved with a Near Infra-red (NIR) Light Source and the required amount of insulin is delivered to the patient with the help of Micro-Actuator controlled by a Stepper Motor.

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