The wastes are thrown to the land and causes land pollution. The waste can be made into briquette and can be used as household fuel by the villagers. The villagers have to struggle while cooking with the woods as a fuel. The main drawback of the wood as fuel is that it produces too much smoke which causes cough and become asthmatic. Wood as a fuel gives 3500 kcal/kg as calorific value. Briquette is a dried organic matter mainly dried leaves or sticks, bound with dung. A briquette can give calorific value up to 3800-6000 kcal/kg which is more than wood. It also produces lesser smoke. Coal or charcoal can give more calories than wood. Besides being expensive it is a non-renewable resource which is depleting. Wood is obtained from trees so increases deforestation. Briquetting is an innovative technology that can solve problem of land pollution as well as depletion of non-renewable resources. Being organic, the waste can also be used biologically. But main problem with the waste used for briquetting is that it contains traces of sodium ions as soda ash (Na2CO3) and sodium hypo chloride (NaOCl2) which may increase soil alkalinity.

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In this global world which is growing very fast, it is rather very important to make the continuous changes in the manufacturing sectors in order to remain in the competitive world of pinnacles. Also it is mandatory to meet the designs of various heat treatment furnaces in order to meet the changes in demand of the furnaces; economically feasible .This research presents the effects of heat treatments on the mechanical properties of mild steel. The design closely revealed the parameters and the features such as: casing design, the insulating system, the heating system, the safety control systems and also the external environment temperature. The final result gave a maximum temperature of 9200C in the furnace heating zone and 320C in the external casing zone for about 30 minutes. The result obtained makes it possible to heat treat ferrous and non-ferrous metals and their properties.

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One of the most significant requirements in image retrieval, classification, clustering and etc. is extracting efficient features from an image. The color feature is one of the visual features. In this proposed work, various features in a remote sensing image can be distinguished based on their color. The features are extracted as object and distinguished with color. Initially, Gaussian noise is added to image and multi-level 2-D wavelet construction is applied to get denoised image. Next, proposed Multi Kernel Principal Component Analysis preserves local and global structure of data sets and also handles heterogeneous characteristics in an image. Finally, Fuzzy C-Means clustering algorithm partitions the datasets into clusters so that data in each cluster shares some common characteristic which is integrated with color conversion method to extract feature based on color present in the image. The performance of this proposed work is measured through various performance metrics to analysis best result for feature extraction of remote sensing images.

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The image enhancement techniques are applied either to single-band images or separately to the individual bands of a multi-band image set. Histogram modification is a one of classical method for image enhancement technique is histogram equalization. It is method of self-acting process since it does not request any information, just only the probability of each intensity level of satellite image. However, the enhanced satellite image is obtained by the global area histogram equalization will cause an effect of intensity saturation in some areas/features. This defeat is appeared because of the process attempted to merge the adjacent gray levels together in order to flatten the histogram. To reduce this defeat, a method of local area histogram equalization is suggested. Initially, the original image will be dived into small grid areas by using spatial re- sizing technique, since this technique gives high accurately boundaries of region. The histogram of all pixels in each grid will be equalized independently. The method of segmented grid histogram equalization will be applied to each scene of multi-spectral satellite imageries. The enhanced satellite image can be gives the good spatial and good spectral accuracy. The resultant image obtained from the proposed method is obviously more details compared to the normal method.

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Radio communication exhibits the highest energy consumption in wireless sensor nodes. The folded tree architecture consists of four processing element which reduce area compared to binary architecture. The four Processing Element structures use both carry look-ahead and square root carry select adder (SQRT CSLA) in the folded tree architecture. Both adder are operate on truck (transmitter) and twig phase (receiver). On Analyzing both carry look-ahead adder and square root carry select adder, the power and delay are reduced in SQRT CSLA than carry look-ahead adder. The SQRT CSLA will be implemented in wireless body area network in future extends.

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In this paper, we have implemented different types of sorting algorithms like Insertion sort, Selection sort and Merge sort on Linux platform and find the time complexity of these algorithm for Best case, Average case and Worst case. As the number of data increases then it affects the efficiency of the algorithms.

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The flexible twin-precision multiplier is combined with variable precision, parallel processing (PP), Razor based dynamic voltage scaling (DVS), and dedicated MP operand scheduling to provide optimum performance for different operating conditions. The twin-precision technique can reduce the power dissipation by adapting a multiplier to the bit width of the operands being computed. The technique also enables an increased computational throughput, by allowing several narrow-width operations to be computed in parallel. All of the building blocks of proposed flexible twin-precision multiplier can either work as independent small precision multiplier or parallel to perform higher-precision multiplier. While still maintain the full through-put, the dynamic voltage and frequency scaling management unit configures the twin-precision multiplier to operate at the proper precision and frequency. Adapting to the run-time workload for targeted application, that flexible multiplier can used to design for DSP application. Razor flip-flops together with a dithering voltage unit then configure the multiplier to achieve the lowest power consumption. The single-switch dithering voltage unit and razor flip-flops help to reduce the voltage margin and overhead typically associated to DVS to lowest level. Finally, the proposed high speed flexible twin-precision multiplier, can further benefits from an operand scheduler that rearranges the input data, hence determine the optimum voltage and frequency operating conditions for minimum power and delay consumption. This architecture is simulated and results are obtained using TANNER EDA 13, MODEL SIM 10.1b and XILINX ISE tool.

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The fast and efficient exchange of information is the need of future mobile applications. There are 95 percent people who use mobile phone for communication and out of which 55 percent people use smart phones [10]. Using mobile phones to obtain information is not only quick, but also more convenient and shortcut to improve people's lives. In this paper, we propose an Android Application based on web services for pune city tour guide. City Guide Android application is an application for searching information of hotels, restaurants, shopping malls and spiritual places from user’s current location using GPS embedded on user’s smart phones. Along with these features, application provides latest offers, news of events conducting on various places and reviews.

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The project is designed to develop a high voltage DC around 1KV from a supply source of 230V AC using the capacitors and diodes in a ladder network based on Cockcroft voltage multiplier concept. Voltage multipliers are primarily used to develop high voltages where low current. This project describes the concept to develop high voltage DC from a single phase AC. For safety reasons our project restricts the multiplication factor to 8 stages such that the output would be within 1KV.

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In the automobile industry connecting rod has high volume production. And connecting rod has a complex geometry also. Two major problems that arise in last many years are pollution and fuel crisis. This two problems can be reduce by reduce the weight of the moving part of IC engine. Among the various moving part of IC engine here choose connecting rod for research and reduce its by weight optimization technique. After the study of connecting rod conclude that mostly connecting rod fails at the piston end eyes. So we can modify the design of piston end by design optimization and by this we can reduce the failure rate of connecting rode. To improve the efficiency of IC engine we can reduce the weight of connecting rod by various optimization technique like topology optimization, material optimization etc. Material used for make the connecting rod in current is mostly forged steel. Because forged steel has high compressive strength. It can withstand against the high compressive stress that can produce by gas pressure in IC engine. But forged steel has high density. So weight of the forged steel also high. So if we find another material that has high compressive strength but less density than we can improve the efficiency of engine. Modeling of existing connecting rod is done by Pro E Creo 5.0 software. This model used for analysis of rod also. Static analysis is done by using ANSYS 14.5 software. Theoretical calculation of stress generated in connecting rod is done by using ranking formula. And after this comparisation of both result do. Both results are nearly same.

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Object Detection and segmentation are the fundamental task in vision and very much interacted with each other. The effect of image segmentation as pre-processing for object recognition is not well understood. One factor hindering the utility of segmentation for recognition is the unsatisfactory quality of image segmentation algorithms. In this work we review different segmentation approaches in the object recognition task and tries to find out best approach. We extend the review to feature selection for the object detection.

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Auto face annotations is an important technique that aims to annotate facial images automatically. Search based face annotations (SBFA) is data – driven and model – free. This SBFA can be done by mining the facial images that are weakly labeled these can be taken from World Wide Web (www). One challenge faced by such SBFA paradym is how to effectively exploit .the short list of candidate facial image and their weak labels. This problem can be solved by using unsupervised label refinement (URL) scheme by exploring machine learning technique to enhance the label purely from the weakly labeled data without human manual efforts. We also propose a clustering – based approximation algorithm which can improve the scalability.

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In this paper we are concerned about Belt conveyor system not only used in mining industries but also used in cement industries, power plant, food industries, production industries etc. So it is essential instrument for in house material transportation today. The paper presents the review of belt conveyor design modification and latest technologies or working used in different applications to reduce failures, maintenance cost and equipment related fatal accidents occurs during operation. In today’s geopolitical climate, ensuring the protection of secure facilities or key locations against resourceful and determined intruders is of paramount importance to the defense of a national border as well as industries of national importance. The greatest threat to national security is “Terrorism” and it cannot be defeated by conventional military force alone. In critical border areas, regular forces or even satellites cannot monitor. These intruding terrorists as the area monitored is quite large and quite complex. To assist the army and security forces operating in these areas, smart dust like micro-sensors with wireless interfaces could be utilized to study and monitor these environments from a certain distance for military purposes. The spiral bevel gear (SBG) is a key component of the power Transmission of intersection axes. Since the mathematical model of the SBG is a basis for stress and thermal analysis, the optimization of machine-tool settings, frictional contact analysis in lubricated condition, and advanced manufacturing technology, research on designing and manufacturing of SBGs based on mathematical models of SBG has long been a topic of considerable interest in the field of mechanical transmission.

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With the rise of human activity, since the beginning of the 20th century due to rapid rise in heavy loaded vehicles in limited road space to withstand high stresses with minimum maintenance on Indian roads has put pressure on it. Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) is one of newest technologies that allow mixing, production, placing and compaction of asphalt mixes at significantly lower temperatures due to chemical modification of the bitumen as compared to the traditional Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) practice. Lower temperatures result in reduced fuel usage, fume exhausts, greenhouse gas emissions, reduces wear and tear, while enhancing worker health and safety conditions during pavement construction. In this paper an attempt is made to use polymer modified bitumen (PMB) 40 paving mix having benefits of reducing temperature and cost of maintenance without sacrificing its quality. polymer modified bitumen (PMB) 40 paving mix with innovative warm mix additive (Zycotherm) in suitable doses is prepared and tested to determine key properties of Marshall Mix design as per the provisions of codal practice.

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Wireless hybrid network that integrates a mobile wireless ad hoc network (MANET) and a wireless infrastructure network has been proven to be a better alternative for the next generation wireless networks. The Hybrid wireless network has higher capacity than cellular networks. It increases flexibility and reliability in routing. It has better coverage and connectivity. Hybrids networks inherit invalid reservation and race condition problems in MANETs by directly adopting resource reservation-based Quality of Service (QoS) routing for MANETs. This affects the quality of service in hybrid network. Most of the current work in hybrid networks focus on enhancing quality of service but cannot reduce the transmission time and traffic between sender and receiver in the network. In this paper, an ADAPTIVE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT approach is proposed to enhance the QoS by reducing the transmission time and traffic in hybrid networks. Adaptive resource management incorporates six algorithms: 1) Admission controller to select qualified neighbor for packet forwarding, 2) Encryption algorithm to encrypt the content of the source node, 3) Channel assignment to reduce traffic in the network, 4) Packet scheduling algorithm to further reduce the transmission delay, 5) Packet resizing algorithm that adaptively adjusts segment size according to node mobility, 6) a redundancy elimination algorithm to eliminate the redundant data in the packet.

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Personalized web search (PWS) has demonstrated its effectiveness in improving the quality of various search services on the Internet. In order to improve the efficiency of search engine results a PWS framework is implemented The PWS framework can effectively generalize profiles by queries while respecting user specified requirements. To rank the search engine results content based ranking methodology is based on the user query, search engine results are retrieved. Analyze the search engine results based on keywords and content. User query is pre-processed to identify the root words. Every root words are considered for Dictionary construction. From every result page keywords and content words are pre-processed and compared against the dictionary. If a match is found then particular weight is awarded to each word. Finally, the total relevancy of the particular link against user request to determine the term frequency.

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we proposed the Reversible logic, it is emerging technique for decrease the energy consumption for low power VLSI application such as QCA nanotechnology and many other computing technique. In existing large number of works done in irreversible combinational logic, but the design of combinational circuits power dissipation was high, to overcome this sequential reversible circuits designed by using flip flops, latches and combinational gates. The main purpose of designing reversible logic is to decrease the quantum cost, number of garbage ouputs.in this paper we have proposed a new reversible Nano-RAM circuit that is parity preserving reversible RAM circuit .The new reversible gates are Feynman double gate, new fault tolerant, memory cells, the proposed double edge triggered flip flop is compared with existing flip flops and its efficiency shown in power, gate count, garbage output. The simulation is verified using Xilinx 8.1 and implemented in FPGA.

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Storage and transmission limitations have made biomedical signal data compression an important feature for most biomedical computerized systems. In addition, when compressed biomedical signals (ECG) or data are delivered over a public channel such as the Internet, TV etc their privacy and security would also be an important issue. Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is a very important measure to know the Heart actual conditions so that easily found deceases. Various techniques have been proposed over the years for addressing the problem. In our paper, we are analyzing different approaches of biomedical signal compression such as ECG signal in secure communication network.ECG signals are collected both over long periods of time and at high resolution from patients. This creates substantial volumes of data for storage and transmission. Data compression seeks to reduce the number of bits of information required to store or transmit digitized ECG signals without significant loss of signal quality. A wide range of compression techniques based on different transformation techniques like MSVQ, genetic optimization, SPARSE 2D SEPARABLE TRANSFORM. DST and DCT were evaluated to find an optimal compression strategy for ECG data compression. All Testing was performed on artificially signals from the standard CSE and MIT-BIH database.

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