Environmental pollution and shortage of conventional fossil fuel are the two major concerns which have led to the global emergence of wind energy as an effective means of power production. The evolution of technology related to wind systems industry leaded to the development of a generation of variable speed wind turbines that present many advantages compared to the fixed speed wind turbines. These wind energy conversion systems are connected to the grid through Voltage Source Converters (VSC) to make variable speed operation possible. The studied system here is a variable speed wind generation system based on Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). This paper deals with mathematical modelling of doubly fed induction generator driven by wind turbine. The modelling procedure is briefly explained, mathematical descriptions and Simulink models of the wind power plant basic parts are shown and the model of the whole system is presented.

Read More...

In this paper the detail of BLDC motor is shown. BLDC motor is used in many way. we can control the speed by different methods. but here the comparison study of different methods is shown. conventional methods like pi, pid don’t give better result for speed control. these methods don’t increase the speed of response .but fuzzy control & neuro-fuzzy system give better output then these methods .in this paper we compare the result of speed with different method.

Read More...

This paper deals with mathematical modelling of wind power plant with induction generator. The modelling is briefly explained, mathematical description and Simulink model of wind plant basic parts shown and the model of whole system is presented.

Read More...

Ventilation is a critical task in underground mining operation. Ventilation controls the air movement, its amount, and direction which provides adequate fresh air to miners for a safe and comfortable working environment. Fans, which provide air flow to different faces of a mine, have a great role of impact in ventilation systems. In this paper study has been carried out on the different components of an axial fan and their failures which is affecting its performance. For that Blade failure, Shaft failure, Bearing holding U-bolts, pitching angle, Blade chord angle, Tip clearance, Erosion and corrosion parameters have been considered.

Read More...

The present study aims to utilize an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for modeling the rainfall runoff relationship of Khodiyar catchment area located in Amreli district, Gujarat, India. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methodology was employed to predict monthly runoff as a function of precipitation, temperature, evaporation losses, infiltration losses and humidity. The paper illustrates the applications of the feed forward network for the Runoff prediction with various algorithms and accordingly, different structures of ANNs were used and their efficiencies in terms of the mean squared error ‘MSE’, training and validation determination coefficients ‘R’ to select better predicted Runoff data were examined. The monthly hydrometric and climatic data of Khodiyar Watershed in ANN were ranged from 1971 to 2010 and analyzed in order to calibrate the given models. Efficiencies of the Back-Propagation (BP), conjugate gradient (CG) and Levenberg-Marquardt (L-M) training algorithms are compared to improving the computed performances and 72 models were prepared to select a best model having mean square error ‘MSE’ nearer to zero and co-relation factor ‘R’ nearer to unity. The results revealed that the best model is composed of the feed-forward networks, trained by the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and considering only one hidden layer. The results extracted from the comparative study indicated that the Artificial Neural Network method is more appropriate and efficient to predict the river runoff than classical regression model. The ANN model provides a more systematic approach, reduces the length of calibration data, and shortens the time spent in calibration of the models.

Read More...

Light weight composite pressure vessels can be used in space applications. Composite pressure vessels need number of layers to achieve required thickness and also to achieve required strength to bear the pressure of gases/liquids.The aim of this paper is to provide composite pressure vessel with sufficient strength using different layer orientations.Structural calculations will be done to find the stress and strains values theoretically.3D modeling will be done according to the allowable standards.Structural and thermal analysis will be conducted on pressure vessel using different layer orientations and the above analysis will be done on traditional material for comparison.

Read More...

The explosive growth of the Internet traffic requires the design of next generation switching systems accommodating huge data-centric traffic at the packet level. All-optical packet switching (OPS) with greater flexibility, granularity and switching capacity is able to meet the complexity of traffic. An all-optical fiber-optic switching device maintains the signal as light, from input to output. Semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) are widely studied as nonlinear elements for high bit rate all-optical switching applications, such as wavelength conversion and regeneration. All optical switches incorporating SOAs have peculiarities like small size, low switching energy requirement and high non linearity. Here simulation of a 4 x 4 optical packet space switch array based on Optically Amplified Suppressed Interference Switches (OASIS) with different data rate has been performed. The OptiSystem version-12 simulator is used to model the structure, it is also used to assess the behavior and performance of this switch array. The simulation of 4x4 space switch array with different bit rate and for different modulation format is done which gives the BER within the acceptable range. Implications of cascadability of this switch array will be analysed which improves the quality and capacity of the existing networks

Read More...

Retina controlled computing deals with controlling our computers with human retina which basically aims at replacing the function of the mouse of PCs with our retina. Retina controlled computing deals with developing such a system in which the actions performed on the monitor will be completely governed by the movement of the retina of human eye This includes the scrolling up and down of the screen, opening up of any folder just with the help of our eyes and many such functions. This project will not only prove to be a further advancement in the computer technology but will also be a beneficial way of handling the computers for disabled persons.

Read More...

This article provides a survey of TCP friendly congestion control techniques. It summarizes the state of the art in this field of research. We also propose a classification hierarchy that sets the basis for analyzing the work which has been performed in this context. A detailed review of the work accomplished in this area is also given, along with the coordinates of each work to the classification hierarchy. A brief evaluation is performed and some initial conclusions are made.

Read More...

Our goal is to develop an intelligent multi sensor based fire detection and controlling system for doordarshan HPT Vadodara.We design the fire detection system using four different sensor, and program the fire detection and Controling procedure using sensor based method. The sensor continuously monitor the temperature, smoke ,Flame and forth sensor is for outside of area like High Power Transformer in which flame is detected by image prossesing.If the temperature increases beyond the predetermined threshold value, if smoke is present ,if flame is detected buzzer sounds to intimate the occurrence of fire accident and a warning message will be sent to the respective personnel in the industry and to nearby fire station with the GSM module provided to it. This four sensor continuously monitors the whole area of Doodarshan if fire accident is true, then relay switch is automatically on and water is spred over the room.

Read More...

This paper is all about the possible factor that influence in hard turning process. Attempt has to made to show relationship between all input variables like speed, feed, depth of cut, tool materials, workpiece hardness and output variables like surface roughness, tool wear and three force components during hard turning. Various authors have applied statistical analysis and experimentation to validate their work. The contribution of speed, feed and depth of cut is mentioned in this paper based on surface roughness, tool wear and machining force components. Taguchi, ANOVA, response surface method and FE analysis are useful tools to develop relationships between various variables.

Read More...

The aim of the work was to develop telematics applications to be used in hospitals, chemical industries. At transmitter a glove enclosed in a hand is manually operated, the receiver catches the signal of manually operated hand and works accordingly.The components used at transmitter side are flex sensors, ADC 0808 as analog to digital converter and microcontroller IC P89V51RD2 and on receiver side 5 servo motors and LCD (16x2) connected with controller IC.

Read More...

Torso detection in static images is a challenging and important problem. Locating the torso region of a human body is difficult due to its cluttering background and various poses. Previous works on torso detection usually demand a time-consuming training phase for complex shape-matching processes. In this paper, a new methodology for detecting the torso portion of the human body is introduced. In this approach, a face detection algorithm is used to locate the face region as a priori and then the torso region is extracted by effectively combined the input image segments and the boundary detection algorithm along with the detected face.

Read More...

With the advancement of technology, the processes are becoming more and more complex. Due to this increase in complexity, for efficient analysis of process the number of parameters required for data acquisition also increases. Data Acquisition is simply the gathering of information about a system or process. It is the process of collecting data in an automated fashion from analog and digital measurement sources such as sensors and devices. Before the computer age, most data was recorded manually or on strip chart recorders. Many new generation data acquisition products have been developed due to emergence of microcontroller that enables real time gathering, analysis, logging and controlling of data. To meet these requirements the demand of an improved, efficient and up to date data logger is increasing. A data logger is an electronic instrument that can record digital or analog measurements over a period of time. It consists of a sensor, microcontroller, a data storage device and communication for controlling system. Data loggers have an on board memory that is large enough to hold data. That is recorded over a longer period of time. Data loggers are provided with real time clocks to record the date and time of acquisition.

Read More...

The conveyance efficiency in irrigation projects is poor due to seepage, percolation, cracking, and damaging of the earth channel. Seepage loss in irrigation water conveyance system is very significant, as it forms the major portion of the water loss in the irrigation system. One of the main problem that meet the Ministry if Irrigation and Water Resources is that about 80% from its total length passing through silty clay soil. The quantity of seepage to surrounding area varies from section to other. The seepage losses affect the water surface profiles, slops, discharge, and water level. . Various methods are used to estimate the canal seepage rate. The main objective of this research are evaluating seepage losses at different critical sections and comparing between different emphirical, analytical and field mesure result.

Read More...

In comparison with hard clustering methods, in which a pattern belongs to a single cluster, fuzzy clustering algorithms allow patterns to belong to all clusters with differing degrees of membership. This is important in domains such as sentence clustering, since a sentence is likely to be related to more than one theme or topic present within a document or set of documents. However, because most sentence similarity measures do not represent sentences in a common metric space, conventional fuzzy clustering approaches based on prototypes or mixtures of Gaussians are generally not applicable to sentence clustering. This paper presents a novel fuzzy clustering algorithm that operates on relational input data; i.e., data in the form of a square matrix of pairwise similarities between data objects. The algorithm uses a graph representation of the data, and operates in an Expectation-Maximization framework in which the graph centrality of an object in the graph is interpreted as a likelihood. Results of applying the algorithm to sentence clustering tasks demonstrate that the algorithm is capable of identifying overlapping clusters of semantically related sentences, and that it is therefore of potential use in a variety of text mining tasks. We also include results of applying the algorithm to benchmark data sets in several other domains.

Read More...

Optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) has been recently proposed as an alternative to frequency and time based multiple, and multiplexing methods for next generation high speed optical fiber networks. This is because OCDMA allows many users to access the same optical fiber channel asynchronously through the assignment of unique code words sequences. Furthermore, OCDMA offers strong security in the physical layer. Due to these reasons, OCDMA has been recognized as one of the most important technologies for supporting many users in shared media at the same time. In conventional multiple access techniques such as time division multiple access (TDMA) and wavelength division multiple access (WDMA), the maximum transmission capacity is determined by the total number of the slots while for optical CDMA the transmission capacity depends on the number of active users. Spectral amplitude coding optical code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) systems attract more attentions since the multi user interference (MUI) can be completely eliminated by spectral coding existing in conventional systems. MUI can be reduced by using subtraction technique. EDW (Enhanced Double Weight) code based OCDMA is analyzed here. Four detection techniques, such as direct detection, complimentary detection, AND detection and NAND detection are compared. The simulations are carried out using Optisystem version12. The analysis has revealed that NAND subtraction detection technique exhibits better results.

Read More...

The military use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has grown because of their ability to operate in dangerous locations while keeping their human operators at a safe distance. The larger UAVs also provide a reliable long duration, cost effective, platform for reconnaissance as well as weapons. They have grown to become an indispensable tool for the military. The question we posed for our project was whether small UAVs also had utility in military and commercial/industrial applications. We postulated that smaller UAVs can serve more tactical operations such as searching a village or a building for enemy positions. Smaller UAVs, on the order of a couple feet to a meter in size, should be able to handle military tactical operations as well as the emerging commercial and industrial applications and our project is attempting to validate this assumption. To validate this assumption, my team considered many different UAV designs before we settled on creating a Quad copter. The payload of our Quad copter design includes a camera and telemetry that will allow us to watch live video from the Quad copter on a laptop that is located up to 2 miles away. We are presently in the final stages of building the Quad copter but we still improving our design to allow us to have longer flight times and better maneuverability. We are currently experimenting with new software so that we will not have to control the Quad copter with an RC controller but will instead operate by sending commands from a remote laptop. Our project has verified that it is possible to build a small-scale Quad copter that could be used for both military and commercial use. Our most significant problems to date have been an ambitious development schedule coupled with very limited funds. These constraints have forced compromise in components selected and methods used for prototype development.

Read More...

The black cotton soil is expansive type of soil which expand suddenly and start swelling when it comes in contact with moisture. Due to this property the strength and other properties of soil are very poor. Expansive type of soil shows unpredictable behavior with different kind of stabilizers. Soil stabilization is a process to treat a soil to maintain, alter or improve the performance of soil. In this study, the potential of marble dust (by-product of marble industry) as stabilizing additive to expansive soil is evaluated. The evaluation involves the determination of the swelling potential of expansive soil in its natural state as well as when mixed with varying proportion of marble dust (from 30 to 50%).

Read More...

In today’s world, water scarcity is a prime issue as the whole world is facing the problem for availability of water canal lining is one of the method to improve the efficiency of canal. By canal lining we can control the wastage of water. In this report, I have tried to explain the advantages and disadvantages of the various canal lining system.The factors affecting the decision for selection of the canal lining material is also discussed in this report. The Kakrapar Right Bank Main Canal (K.R.B.M.C) is choosen as the study area.The main objective is to find out the most economical method of canal lining based on the cost criteria in relation to the wastages etc.

Read More...

NoC designs are based on a compromise of latency, power dissipation or energy, usually defined at design time. However, setting all parameters at design time can cause either excessive power dissipation (originated by router underutilization), or a higher latency. The situation worsens whenever the application changes its communication pattern. In this paper we propose an FPGA based, single cycle, low latency router design that can be reconfigured to 1-D and 2-D network on chip architectures with dynamic buffer resize technique. The results show that the technique improves the area and the performance of the architecture by greatly reducing power consumption and latency between the routers.

Read More...

The Machine Learning (ML) field has been one of the most important tool in the health care field. Automated learning is used in tasks such as medical decision support, medical picturing, protein-protein interaction, extraction of medical knowledge, and for overall patient management care. ML is envisioned as a tool by which computer-based systems can be integrated in the healthcare field in order to get a better, more efficient medical care. This paper reports a ML-based methodology for creating a program that is capable of finding and extracting healthcare information. It allows researcher to add medical papers that mention diseases and treatments, and identifies relations that exist between diseases and treatments. Our proposed methods obtains satisfactory outcomes that could be integrated in an application to be used in the medical care domain. The potential value of this paper is in the settings that we propose.

Read More...

Polystyrene thin films are prepared by solution growth technique using glass substrates. Polystyrene solution is prepared by dissolving 3g of polystyrene in the 100cc of benzene. 1% and 2% iodine doped polystyrene films have been prepared. Pure and iodine thin films are subjected to XRD, FTIR. XRD shows the amorphous nature of thin films. The FTIR spectrum gives about the presence of functional groups in the PS thin films. Also the optical properties polystyrene and iodine doped polystyrene films have been studied.. The optical properties of above thin films have been analyzed using their transmission spectra and the results were discussed. .

Read More...

The large datasets are being mined to extract hidden knowledge and patterns that assist decision makers in making effective, efficient, and timely decisions in an ever increasing competitive world. This type of “knowledge discovery driven” data mining activity is not possible without sharing the “datasets” between their owners and data mining experts as a consequence, protecting. Usually, an owner needs to manually define “Usability limitations” for each type of dataset to preserve the contained knowledge. The major contribution of this paper is a novel formal model that facilitates a data owner to define usability limitations to preserve the knowledge contained in the dataset in an automated fashion. The model aims at preserving “classification potential” of each feature and other major characteristics of datasets that play an important role during the mining process of data; as a result, learning statistics and decision-making rules also remain intact. We have implemented our model and integrated it with a new watermark embedding algorithm to prove that the inserted watermark not only preserves the knowledge contained in a dataset but also significantly enhances watermark security compared with existing techniques. We have tested our model on more than twenty five different data mining datasets to show its efficacy, effectiveness, and the ability to adapt and simplify.

Read More...

Wireless Communication, since the beginning of this century has observed enormous advancement The need for the optimal use of available resources has pushed researchers towards investigation of swarm intelligence based optimization algorithms to support designs and planning decisions. Radio coverage generally is affected by variables such as antenna arrangements, base station performance, and the locations of base stations and users. Bio-inspired evolutionary algorithms are probabilistic search methods that simulate the natural biological evolution or the behavior of biological entities. Such algorithms can be used to obtain near optimal solutions in optimization problems, for which traditional mathematical techniques may fail. Genetic algorithm (GA) has found its usage in telecommunications field because of the challenging factors and parameters involve in radio coverage optimization. This work actually considered how to optimally determine locations of Base Transceiver Station (BTS), such that minimum number of BTS can be installed to cover larger number of subscriber at lesser infrastructural cost.

Read More...