Accidents like falls in people can happen due to reasons like old age, unconscious mind and poor motor control. Such accidents may result in broken or fractured bones, cuts, and even death. Living with the fear of falling leads to isolation, worsening of mental health, and general degradation of quality of living. If the accidents cannot be prevented, the next best option is detecting them accurately, and alerting the required authorities for medical help. This paper introduces an accident detection mechanism with the help of the Smartphone. Smartphone’s gather the information using the Built-in tri-accelerometer and the data obtained from the accelerometer are analyzed using the displacement based algorithm. On detecting an accident, the user is prompted to respond and can use touch or voice recognition to reduce the false positives. If the user is not responding within a period of time, the application generates alerts like emails and text messages and alerts the predefined contacts. If any unconscious situations occur, the user can press the panic button and the appropriate message/audio/video/image will be sent to the predefined contacts.The system also provides the hospitality facility.That is by providing the details of the nearest hospital.

Read More...

Internal combustion engines in now a days the best available reliable source of power for all domestic, large scale industrial and transportation applications. The major issue arises at the efficiency and exhaust emission of these engines. Every attempt made to improve these engines tends to attain the maximum efficiency and minimum emission. The study is about the effects of air swirl in the cylinder on its performance and emission. In the present work a review of literatures about influence of air swirl in the cylinder upon the performance and exhaust emission of single cylinder direct injection diesel engine is presented. In order to achieve the different swirl intensities in the cylinder, three design parameters have been changed: the cylinder head, piston crown and inlet duct.

Read More...

QR Codes are two-dimensional or matrix bar codes developed in Japan by Denso Wave. This two-dimensional symbol was invented for tracking of automotive parts, but these codes are increasingly found in other fields as well. These small sized codes can also be hidden inside the images. It’s been more than a decade that this technology has been invented and with the advent of Smartphones this technology has gained an edge over the barcode technology as they require scanners for decoding. As the information stored is in the binary form, so various types of information can be stored in the QR code. QR Code is a two dimensional, matrix type symbol which has a cell structure arranged in form of square comprising of four patterns namely finder patterns, timing patterns, alignment patterns, and a quiet zone also a data area exists where the data is present.

Read More...

While transmitting any confidential information across network, some unauthorized user tend to steal or corrupt the data. To prevent this interruption, security of data is needed. As Data security is needed for protecting data from unauthorized users and destructive forces, some security techniques are used. Encryption is one such technique which is used to protect the database from unauthorized accesses and unwanted actions of external clients. It is used to secure the confidential information from unauthorized user by converting the data in to that format that is only understandable by the authorized receiver that knows the respective decryption to obtain the original data or information. Various techniques have been implemented to ensure the security of data. In this paper, we have studied symmetric, asymmetric encryption and some other techniques.

Read More...

In recent years many energy-efficient routing protocols have been proposed. Many efforts have been taken in studying the energy consumption of individual node and route maintaining issues. If the design of energy efficient routing protocol is not consider carefully then it may perform very worst than the normal routing protocol. Establishing correct and efficient routes is an important design issue in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), a more challenging goal is to provide energy efficient routes because mobile nodes’ operation time is the most critical limiting factor. Nodes in a Mobile Ad Hoc Network are typically battery-powered so energy consumption is an important metric to consider in designing routing protocols for such networks. The purpose of this paper is to study the existing solutions to offer a more energy efficient routing mechanism.

Read More...

Digital data communication has become an essential part of infrastructure nowadays, a lot of applications are Internet-based and it is important that communication be made secret. Cryptography and steganography are the two popular methods available to provide security. One distorts the message and the other hides the existence of message itself. Using cryptography, the data is transformed into some other gibberish form and in steganography,the data is embedded in an image file and the image file is transmitted.This paper focuses mainly on the strength of combining cryptography and steganography methods to enhance the security of communication over an open channel.

Read More...

Renewable energy sources, especially wind turbine generators, are considered as important generation alternatives in electric power systems because they have no exhausted nature and not harmful environmental effects. Permanent magnet generator has a good prospect in small scale wind turbine application. Many types of generator concepts have been proposed and used, but most of the low speed application consist Permanent magnet generator. As compare to conventional electrically excited generators, PMG have many advantages, so it attracted towards interest of research. The purpose of this paper is to review Permanent magnet generator configuration, design methodology, design optimization, and analysis of permanent magnet generator. Different Machine configurations proposed in literature are also discussed for suitability to small scale wind turbine application.

Read More...

The Metals are considered as most important toxic pollutants in the ecosystem. Metals are continuously released into the biosphere by natural processes like volcanoes, weathering of rocks and also by various anthropogenic activities, such as mining, combustion of fuels, industrial and urban sewage and agricultural practices. On a global scale there is evident that, through the anthropogenic activities surrounding environment has polluted heavy metals. Once metals were entered into the environment it goes on accumulation with the natural process. However, in general aspects it is very difficult to eliminate the metals from the environment. Traditional treatments for metal contamination in soils are expensive and cost prohibitive when large areas of soil are contaminated. In this present study the heavy metal pollution in industrial area of Mysore city has been taken and also heavy metal speciation, as well as abiotic and biotic factors affecting their bioavailability of heavy metal pollution was studied. The geochemical behavior of heavy metals was analyzed through speciation studies. The studies show that the heavy metals mobility is less in the Exchangeable metal fraction and Carbonate bound metal fractions. But in the Fe– Mn oxide metal fraction and Organic and sulfide metal fractions mobility of the metals is comparatively little higher than the other fraction. The final residual metal fraction has the non-mobile phase of the heavy metals. In this study period, the industrial surrounding area soil has become polluted and lost their natural fertility with the addition of some heavy metals by several processes taken up by the industries.

Read More...

Cabernet is a system for delivering data to and from moving vehicles using open 802.11 (Wi-Fi) access points encountered opportunistically during travel. Using open Wi-Fi access from the road can be challenging. Network connectivity in Cabernet is both fleeting (access points are typically within range for a few seconds) and intermittent (because the access points do not provide continuous coverage), and suffers from high packet loss rates over the wireless channel. On the positive side, Wi-Fi data transfers, when available, can occur at broadband speeds. In this paper, we introduce two new components for improving open Wi-Fi data delivery to moving vehicles: The first, Quick Wi-Fi, is a streamlined client-side process to establish end-to-end connectivity, reducing mean connection time to less than 400 ms, from over 10 seconds when using standard wireless networking software. The second part, CTP, is a transport protocol that distinguishes congestion on the wired portion of the path from losses over the wireless link, resulting in a 2× throughput improvement over TCP. To characterize the amount of open Wi-Fi capacity available to vehicular users, we deployed Cabernet on a fleet of 10 taxis in the Boston area. The long-term average transfer rate achieved was approximately 38 Mbytes/hour per car (86 Kbit/s), making Cabernet a viable system for a number of non-interactive applications.

Read More...

This paper proposes the PWM based on fault tolerant control strategy for multi-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor and also provides the comparison of three phase and five phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in terms of various types of fault accurse in the five phase (PMSM). At the end the paper simulation results are provided of current, rotor speed and rotor torque of both the three phases and five faze PMSM.

Read More...

This paper is on configuring the linux kernel for an ARM board. ARM system-on-chip is the best platform for reducing the risk and the cost of SOC designs and thus accelerating the speed, accuracy, flexibility. ARM boards are the combination of FPGA and ASIC technology and hence provide the optimal solution in terms of speed, cost and time. The embedded modules based on ARM delivers varied tasks such as process management, memory management and peripheral interfaces. Linux being an open source domain provides an additional edge to the embedded systems and as Linux can be freely downloaded thus it is being compiled for any system architecture including ARM. For new CPU architectures OS has to be configured, compiled burnt to the core and ported to the target platform. Building the linux kernel, Bootloader and the file system are described in detail

Read More...

In the past couple of decades, there is rapid growth attached to the PIC controller like sensors, watering pump, etc. This paper reviews some of these monitoring systems and proposes an automatic monitoring and controlling system in terms of technology in the field of irrigation. Different monitoring systems are installed in order to improve the crop quality in the field and the plant in nursery. Monitoring unit monitors the various agricultural parameters like temperature, relative soil moisture, light intensity, etc. the controlling unit controls the peripheral devices model using PIC controller, which may help the farmer to improve the crop quality and the plant development in nursery.

Read More...

Social media comprises interactive applications and platforms for creating, sharing and exchange of user-generated contents. The past ten years have brought huge growth in social media, especially online social networking services, and it is changing our ways to organize and communicate. It aggregates opinions and feelings of diverse groups of people at low cost. Mining the attributes and contents of social media gives us an opportunity to discover social structure characteristics, analyze action patterns qualitatively and quantitatively, and sometimes the ability to predict future human related events. We have assessed how buzz and attention is created for different movies and how that changes over time. Movie producers spend a lot of effort and money in publicizing their movies, and have also embraced the Twitter medium for this purpose. Our hypothesis was the movies that are well talked about are well-watched.

Read More...

To aim of our project is “flow meter and control valve loop automation in forward and reverse using PLC and SCADA”. This project measure and control various type of flow in process industries. This project includes control valve, flow meter, PLC and SCADA. Through PLC and SCADA, it can control the flow in both direction forward and reverse. It can be controlled automatically using PLC and SCADA. Most commonly in process industry, flow control is only in one direction. By this project we can control the flow in both directions. Flow meter senses the flow of object and gives the input to the PLC and SCADA. By this closed loop, control valve take action as per instruction of PLC and SCADA automatically to the set point.

Read More...

Database mining is motivated by decision support problems faced by most business organizations and is described as an important area of research. One of the most challenges in database mining is developing fast and efficient algorithms that can handle large volume of data because most mining algorithms performs computation over the entire database and often the database are very large. The methodologies of data mining that are used by existing identifying buying preferences of customers in real estate industries are Apriori algorithm to find frequent item sets for a large database but it has many shortcoming which can be resolved by many other algorithms one of which is Partitioning the large database and using Apriori algorithm which is named as Improved Apriori Algorithm. We are using improved Apriori algorithm as it increases the throughput and reduces the memory that is being used for candidate set generation. Existing identifying buying preferences of customers in real estate industry display the frequent item set when searched for a particular item but the proposed system will show the results of prediction when searched for a particular item so as to improve the business throughput

Read More...

This paper proposes a quick and dependable procedure for timing and frequency synchronization of multiple-input multiple- output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a prominent technique for high information rate remote transmission. The execution of OFDM framework is exceptionally touchy to transporter recurrence offset (CFO), which presents between bearer impedance (ICI). Multi-data multi-yield framework utilized for expanding assorted qualities increase and limit of the framework. In this area recurrence synchronization in an OFDM framework is contemplated and gave past work OFDM framework.

Read More...

This paper has presented a brief review of the application of Taguchi technique for optimization of turning operation in machining of hardened steels. Cutting parameter i.e cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut are optimized using Taguchi method. The effect of cutting parameter on surface roughness, tool wear and cutting force are analyzed. From the study it was found that for surface roughness and cutting force feed rate is the most significant factor and for tool wear cutting speed is the most significant factor. Also found that Taguchi method provide simple, systematic and efficient methodology for optimization of the turning operation.

Read More...

This Theory represent Touch screen based Wireless Robot with audio and video monitoring. In this project using two types of device: (1) Remote device (2) Robot device. Remote device control the whole project using wireless transceiver to send the command and RF receiver to receive the video gives analog video output. Robot device use the wireless transceiver to receive the command and video camera with RF transmitter. This robot can be used in many different security systems.

Read More...

Programmable logic controllers used in industrial applications are very expensive for simple operations like sequential switching of loads. In this project we demonstrate the working of this simple operation using a microcontroller of 8051 family. The development of this application requires the configuration of the program through input switches. In industries, there are many tasks are carried out which requires some repeated operation in various orders and time intervals. For example, certain loads need to be switched ON/OFF in specific time intervals. In order to achieve this, microcontroller is programmed in such a way that the loads a can be operated in three modes: Set mode, Auto mode and Manual mod. In set mode, through timers, the machinery works based on input time set by the user whereas in auto mode it works on default time settings and finally in the manual mode it functions while respective switches are pressed depending on the user’s need and flexibility. All the modes and status of loads are displayed on an LCD.

Read More...

In the near future some fuel cell systems could be an accessible and attractive alternative to conventional electricity generation and vehicle drives. fuel cell systems can be made in mw to kw capacities; hence a wide range of applications can be covered by this type of fuel cell. This is a major advantage of this type of fuel cell, because once the technology was developed it can be more or less easily scaled up or down for various applications. fuel cell has attracted a great deal of attention as a potential power source for automobile and stationary applications due to its low temperature of operation, high power density and high energy conversion efficiency. In this Paper Matlab-simulink of model of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC).

Read More...

The project is designed to demonstrate how multiple microcontrollers can be connected in a network to achieve the desired output. This technology is widely used in modern automobiles. More and more microcontrollers are embedded in different kinds of products from industrial environment to domestic area. The importance of having multiple microcontrollers against a single one is if one of the microcontrollers goes bad only the function related to that particular microcontroller will be affected. The project demonstrates a command based monitoring tool using the MAX232 protocol. A network of three microcontrollers is used in this project. The first one is connected to touch screen for input action while the second one is connected to an IR sensor and the third one to drive a relay for controlling any load (LAMP). Input takes a password on the first MC to display it on the LCD while the third one executes the output only if the password is right. Wrong password if entered will generate a buzzer sound. Though this task can be performed by a single microcontroller, the project uses multiple microcontrollers to explain the concept of networking. It is practically impossible by a single microcontroller to handle input action, display and output which are located way apart. For example, a display unit requiring 15 connections from the microcontroller needs to be managed using a multi core cable, similarly for a keypad using 7 connections. Thus, for large number of inputs and displays it would require multi core data cable to be connected to the MC running over kilometers, whereas this project uses a pair of wire only thereby reducing the complications in wiring and cost as well. Further this project being based on serial communication can be enhanced by using wireless communication among the controllers by avoiding costly cabling. We can set the security system in this project. That is total depends on IR sensor. If security break than siren will be on. We can use the motor with blade to mix the material so that is the concept of mixing plant. We can set the Blower to control the heating parameter.

Read More...

Modern world is technology driven. Ironically, automation, led by us has reached beyond the human imagination. Be it food and processing industry or military application, instrumentation engineering has been proved more than useful in solving the problems as well as easing the hither to used systems. PLCs have been integral in the increasing dependence on automation. Yet with the advent of nanotechnology, it was feared that the PLCs will become obsolete. But the user-friendly modifications have led to nothing but an increase in the use of PLCs in modern industries. Following paper focuses on one such application of beverage vending machine using Nano-PLC, a miniature version of the traditional PLC. Being first of its kind, this paper mainly focuses on the theories rather than other citations and references.

Read More...

Data Mining can be defined as an activity that extracts some new nontrivial information contained in large databases. Traditional data mining techniques have focused largely on detecting the statistical correlations between the items that are more frequent in the transaction databases. Also termed as frequent itemset mining , these techniques were based on the rationale that itemsets which appear more frequently must be of more importance to the user from the business perspective .In this thesis we throw light upon an emerging area called Utility Mining which not only considers the frequency of the itemsets but also considers the utility associated with the itemsets. The term transaction utility is the importance or the usefulness of the appearance of the itemset in transactions quantified in terms like profit , sales or any other user preferences. In High Utility Itemset Mining the objective is to identify itemsets that have utility values above a given utility threshold. In this thesis we present a literature review of the present state of research and the various algorithms for high utility itemset mining

Read More...

The purpose of this paper is to study an important application of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to image processing. The idea is that by using the smaller number of vectors, one can reconstruct an image that is closer to the original. The clarity of the image depends on how many singular values are used to reconstruct it. In this paper, SVD was applied to the image. Using the MATLAB software the authors have demonstrated how SVD is used to minimize the size needed to store an image.

Read More...

Data Mining is the process of applying machine learning techniques for automatically or semi automatically analyzing and extracting knowledge from stored data. It is defined as non-trivial extraction of implicit, novel and actionable knowledge from large datasets. Data mining can also be defined as technology which enables data analysis, exploration and visualization of very large databases using high level of abstraction. Data mining models can be categorized as predictive models and descriptive models. Classification is one of the important aspects of data mining which is a predictive modeling technique. Classification is a data mining technique used to predict group membership for data instances .We describes the basic classification techniques. Several major kinds of classification method including decision tree induction,etc, We present a Class imbalance problem has received considerable attention in areas such as Machine Learning and Pattern Recognition.We proposed a class imbalance problem in pattern classification. Data level methods for balancing the classes consists of resampling the original data set, either by over-sampling the minority class or by under-sampling and/or under-sampling the majority class, until the classes are approximately equally represented.

Read More...