As the competition for Business is growing day by day the owners are concerned about the growth of their business. Social networking has become one of the most important parts of our daily life as it enables us to communicate with a lot of people. Social networking sites are created to assist in online networking. It is also is a platform where our creations and thoughts are presented to a huge lot of masses. Online social media represent a fundamental shift of how information is being produced, transferred and consumed. User generated content in the form of blog, posts, comments, and tweets establishes a connection between the producers and the consumers of information. Tracking the pulse of the social media outlets, enables companies to gain feedback and insight in how to improve and market products better. For consumers, the abundance of information and opinions from diverse sources helps them tap into the wisdom of crowds, to aid in making more informed decisions[1] Social media platform (SM) in particular comprises a flourishing new set of viral marketing mechanism that are growing exponentially. More and more companies are using SM because they know it works[1]. How much they spend and how long they continue to spend it will depend on how efficient SM proves to be in the long run. The measurement of social media effectiveness or ROI (Return on Investment) is the key factor in the long term success of SM marketing and management program. [1] The proposed system will calculate the gain of business by using social media as a platform.

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Virtual classroom is a combination of knowledge and technology to provide high values. Internet plays a vital role in Virtual classrooms. E-learning is attaining significance in the world of internet. Due to the advantages of internet, e-learning can be reached at anytime and anywhere. In order to meet the demands of the global economy E-learning should be adopted at all levels for development in education. Computers are reshaping student lives, at home and at school in profound and unexpected ways. The Virtual classroom is a collaborative teaching tool which facilitates the students to learn in an interactive manner. It aims to support the efforts of teachers to integrate technology into their classrooms. It also links the students to the Internet in educationally productive ways and provides them a stimulating, positive and enjoyable environment to study. E-learning technologies are known to spread learning very effectively. If E-learning is effectively implemented in rural areas as well, it will encourage increased participation of students in rural areas.

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In this paper, a low-power design of Viterbi decoders at the gate level in the standard cell design environment is proposed. In the standard cell design environment, the behavior of a design is described in a high-level hardware description language, such as VHDL or Verilog. The behavioral design is synthesized to generate a gate level design. The gate-level design is placed and routed to generate a layout of the design. The focus of our research in the low-power design of Viterbi decoders at logic level is reduction of dynamic power dissipation in the standard cell design environment. We considered two methods, clock-gating and toggle-filtering, in our design.

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In CDMA based systems; the selection of the spreading codes used for multiplexing multiple users’ data places a pivotal role. Some of the known classes of spreading codes used in CDMA-based cellular system are Walsh-Hadamard, Gold codes and Kasami codes. In this paper, presents a comparative study of different properties of these codes with the multi-level codes based on gray and inverse-gray codes In a cellular system, due to multi-path propagation channel, the orthogonality among the codes in the received CDMA signal is destroyed. To characterize this we define metrics based on all delayed auto-correlation and cross-correlation of the codes in a family. Mean Square Aperiodic Auto-Correlation (MSAAC), Mean Square Aperiodic Cross-Correlation (MSACC) measures and the Merit Factor (MF). These metrics for the GIG codes as designed and proposed in [1] were also evaluated and found to be better than other code family.

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The goal of this project was to design the systems and algorithms necessary to allow a quadcopter to locate and land on a station target. The purpose of this system was to outline the framework for a quadcopter based data collection or surveillance system that copes with the relatively short battery life. It is capable of hovering in place and is capable of carrying a payload, such as the camera used to determine the location of the target. A system was devised to ensure that the quadcopter can correctly determine the location of a target while hovering and then land when above the target. The basic quadcopter design is modified such that it cannot only land near the target site but also ride near the target with the wheels provided

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Human papilloma virus (HPV) is a DNA virus from the papillomavirus family that is capable of infecting humans. Like all papillomaviruses, HPVs establish productive infections only in keratinocytes of the skin or mucous membranes. While the majority of the known types of HPV cause no symptoms in most people, some types can cause warts (verrucae), while others can be in a minority of cases lead to cancers of the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, oropharynx and anus. Genital human papillomavirus (also called HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI). These HPV types can also infect the mouth and throat. Most people who become infected with HPV do not know they have it. HPV is not the same as herpes or HIV (virus results AIDS). There are more than 40 HPV types that can infect males and females. These are all viruses that can be passed on during sex, but they cause different symptoms and health problems

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Recent trends towards usage of diesel engines and depleting fossils fuels. There has been a worldwide interest in searching for alternatives to petroleum-derived fuels due to their depletion as well as due to the concern for the environment. The work done on one of the promising diesel alternative is described. The literature reviewed most of the vegetable oil and its methyl ester and their performance characteristics are also studied from literature. The properties of CME thus obtained are comparable with ASTM biodiesel standards. One such CME has been used as the test fuel for the experiment. The performance of diesel engine on CME and its blend with diesel were compared with diesel. Tests are conducted on a 7.4kw, computerized single cylinder 4-stroke stationery diesel engine to evaluate the feasibility of CME and its diesel blends as alternative fuels. The test was conducted with the different loads. The result shown that the CME can be used as an alternative fuel compared to mineral diesel. CME blends give somewhat same brake thermal efficiency as conventional diesel. As the amount of CME in the blend increase the HC, CO, and NOx concentrations in the exhaust decreased when compared to mineral diesel. However this resulted in an increase in the BSFC. This was attributed to the lower calorific value of CME.

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Vehicular networks are becoming wide technology in traffic system. The entities that are part of a vehicular communication system can be private or public vehicles, road-side infrastructure, and authorities, with the latter considered primarily as network entities. The vision for vehicular ad hoc networks includes the frequent exchange of data by vehicles to facilitate route planning, road safety and e-commerce applications. Poorly designed VANETs that permit serious attacks on the network can jeopardize the goal of increased driving safety. In a VANET, for simpler attacks than data modification exist, such as for example transmitting fraudulent data about road congestion or vehicle position, and such attacks can be quite damaging. Hence, security in a VANET relies upon the potentially more challenging problem of handling intruders. Currently we promote a data centric approach for handling intruder exemption. Among these, we identify redundancy as a promising approach particularly for evaluating the scenario of multihop protocols. Representing a message transfer of a multihop protocol as a directed graph, we derive metrics to assess communication redundancy. As a future work of our project we propose to integrate the VANET with the inexpensive wireless sensor network (WSN). That is sensor nodes are deployed along the roadside to sense road conditions and to buffer and deliver information about dangerous conditions to vehicles regardless of the density or connectivity of the VANET. We design a four-way handshake that allows the roadside mote and the information gathering car mote to mutually authenticate themselves, thereby preventing misbehaviour intrusion.

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In this paper, Some summation formulas and generating relation associated with Gauss Hypergeometric polynomial, are obtained by means of series rearrangement techniques and some algebraic properties of Pochhammer symbol.

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Cascade tripping is the tripping of power grid in unbalanced condition or it is the tripping of safety devices and isolation of the part of the system to prevent damage to equipment. Cascade tripping occurs during under frequency or other unbalance condition. When demand is more than power generated the frequency of machine goes down. When this frequency is less then certain limit, the grid will trip .This will result in sudden loss of power. If demand is less then generation, it will also cause such situations. Which is also called blackout or grid failure. To avoid this synchronism must be maintained in the grid. Synchronous generators thousands of kilometers apart must operate stably and in synchronism during infinitely many load and power transfer conditions, equipment outages, and power disturbances following a short circuit or other disturbance, one group of generators could accelerate relative to another group, causing instability and loss of synchronism. Implications of blackout are clearly enormous for the electrical power industry. Parts of grid are being stretched to their limits.

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In recent years wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become one of the most active research areas due to the bright and interesting future promised to the world of information technology. It is an emerging field which is accomplishing much importance because of its vast contribution in varieties of applications. Coverage is one of the main research interests in wireless sensor networks (WSN), it is used to determine the quality of service (QoS) of the networks. Therefore this paper aims to review the common strategies use in solving coverage problem in WSN. The strategies studied are used during deployment phase where the coverage is calculated based on the placement of the sensors on the region of interest (ROI). The strategies reviewed are categorized into three groups namely; force based, grid based and computational geometry based approach.

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