This paper presents different technique for Hand Gesture Recognition and based on recognition process interact with different computer application and also provide best approach for Human Computer Interface. Today many researeachers in industry is working on different proposal to provide facilitate to user without any wearing and extra device. In this paper we discuss different five techniques for hand recognition like Hand recognition and color detection technique, Nearest Neighbor Classifier, Black-white method, Static Hand gesture recognition system and Dynamic hand gesture recognition system and compare all of this method and then differentiate which method is best for hand recognition. Discuss flow or process of the hand recognition and which one is efficiently track the hand whenever it initially display on screen.

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In electrical distribution level power quality is major problem and in this harmonics distortion one of them. Here, in this paper consider 11 KV distribution system and mitigation this harmonics distortion we interest in APF topology to produce specific current components that cancel the harmonics current components. Particular shunt APF is mostly used as mitigation for distribution system. It has advantages of carrying only the compensation current plus a small amount of active fundamental current supplied to compensate for system losses & also contribute to reactive power compensation. For controlling Shunt APF consider instantaneous p-q theory is used.

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Better fuel economy and higher power with lower maintenance cost has increased the popularity of diesel engine vehicles. Diesel engines are used for bulk movement of goods, powering equipment, and to generate electricity more economically than any other device in this size range. The diesel engine is typically more efficient than the gasoline engine due to higher compression ratio. Diesel engines also do not suffer from size and acceleration limitations, which the SI engine is prone to. But now a day’s problems are arise with the energy crisis and air pollution across the world due to the vehicles. Energy crisis increase the demand of fuel economy of vehicles. EGR, WI, WDE, OEC technique displaces oxygen into intake air and lower oxygen concentration in combustion chamber, which lower the flame temperature and increase the specific heat of inlet charge, which control the NOx and improve performance. EGR, WI, WDE, OEC techniques does not give effective result at higher load. It also higher soot deposit on the combustion chamber parts. From the some changes in catalytic convertor it should give some positive result to reduce NOx. There are many work have been done on SI engine using different changes on catalytic convertor. And it gives very positive result on NO¬¬x¬emission and performance.So from analysis of literature survey it concluded that there is good scope of experimental study on CI engine with changes in catalytic convertor.

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Most databases in real world have some amount of missing data. There are some solutions exists for handling the incompleteness. One of them is Partial Information Policy (PIP) operator. It is customized policy; end user can handle incompleteness by their way. PIP operator is denoted by ρ, which take conditions to fill incompleteness from end user. To fetch required information from various heterogonous data sources, a different policies use to handle incompleteness. So, it gives inconsistence result, due to incomplete data and different policies uses for that in some data sources. To overcome with this problem, in this paper, we have proposed data federation with Partial Information Policy (PIP) operator which is a reliable way to handle incompleteness in relational databases. Here, a generic approach to create a data federation, providing methods for schema integration (in order to create the federation schema), query decomposition (in order to translate the query to the federation into queries to subsequent database) and result integration (to select the answer that best suits the user information need). Hence, the overall quality and accuracy of the query answer will be improved.

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Cloud computing provides scalable, virtualized on demand services to the end users with greater flexibility and lesser infrastructural investment. In IT infrastructure Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is an important aspect. To provide complete security of any system is not possible. Proposed IDS Framework in Cloud provides security for cloud providers as well as cloud users. Most of existing network based IDS are signature based and thus unable to detect unknown attacks and attacks in encrypted communication. Anomaly based system produce high false alarm rate and computation complexity. In this paper ,The proposed framework monitor the virtual machines’s system call and using data mining algorithm- apriori algorithm finds frequent items and generate association rule for system call and detect the malicious activities in cloud. This IDS Framework detect known as well as unknown attacks in cloud

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Spinel(MgAl2O4) is synthesized by citrate sol-gel process. This paper presents a study concerning the effects of amount of magnesium nitrate and aluminium sulphate in spinel. In order to quantify the effect of magnesium nitrate and aluminium sulphate comparative study between different compositions produced by sol-gel process is done. To study the effect of comparison of two different compositions of magnesium nitrate and aluminium sulphate, Green pellets formed at a pressure of 10tons and sintered at 1350ï‚°C for 3 hours. Mechanical properties were measured for all compositions.

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In search of the possibilities for providing best service to their clients, Most of the service Based I.T Organisations came up with idea of Knowledge Management System which helps them to focus on Knowledge Centric approach. The purpose of Knowledge Management System is to deliver value to an organization. The goal of KM is to harness knowledge resources and knowledge capabilities of the business to enable the organization to learn and adapt to its changing environment. Therefore, KM practices aim to draw out the tacit knowledge people have acquired, what they carry around with them, what they observe and learn from their experience, rather than what is usually explicitly stated. The knowledge executive process is about acquisition, creation, packaging, and application or reuse of knowledge. Standard Operating Procedures helps the industries to get detailed view of the clients and help Organisation to serve their clients in most successful manner.

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in this paper includes the designing of low power 16-Bit MIPS RISC processor and modeling of its components using Verilog HDL. The implementation strategies have been borrowed from most popular MIPS architecture up to certain extent. The instruction set adopted here is extremely complex that gives an insight into the kind of hardware which should be able to execute the set of instructions properly. Along with sequential and combinational and sequential building blocks of NON- pipelined processor such as adders and registers more complex logics i.e. ALU, Datapath and Memories had been designed and simulated in Xilinx and modelsim. The modeling of ALU which has been done in this project is fully structural starting from adders and basic gates. Complex blocks have been modeled using behavioral approach i.e. Memories, datapath, whereas simple blocks i.e. Adders and subtract had been done through structural and mixed approach. The tools which had been used throughout the project work are Xilinx and active HDL (Digital Simulation), for synthesis purpose the targeted FPGA device technology was ALTERA, Cyclone, and EP1C6Q240C. A simple sequential block’s performance and figure of merits were observed under the constraints clock frequency: 50 MHz and DRT: 5ns.

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Wireless communication systems at high data rates and low power consumptions are currently in high demand. Power efficiency becomes a critical issue for technology that will be used in 3G and 4G technologies. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is a technique using discrete multi-tone modulation with each subcarrier modulating in a conventional modulation scheme. On the other hand, Multiple- Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems have become the attention of wireless academic community and industry because of the is promising ability to increase capacity and performance with acceptable Bit Error Rate ( BER) proportion ally with the increased number of antennas. Here, MIMO-OFDM system using Vertical Bell Lab Layered Space Time (V-BLAS T) is developed by considering Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) and Zero Forcing (ZF) detector mechanisms for various modulation schemes and different channel. The performance parameter of MIMO-OFDM in terms of BER is determined and an analyzed for six different detector schemes such as MMSE,MMSE-SIC,MMSE-SIC OPTIMAL ORDERING, ZF,ZF-SIC,ZF-SIC OPTIMAL ORDERING and with RICIAN and RAYLEIGH channel with the help of MATLAB package.

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In the recent years an application of the FEM(Finite Element Method) to the solution of the dynamic behavior of a structure has become more popular. Modal analysis technique is used to determine a structure’s vibration characteristics-natural frequencies and mode shapes. This paper explains simple steps of the modal analysis simulation using ANSYS®. The Cantilever beam is taken for study and frequencies and mode shapes are obtained in the graphical environment of ANSYS. Further Theoretical natural frequencies are obtained by hand calculations and compared with that obtained from FEM.

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The cooling tower finds a variety of applications in the field of a process industries, power plant and heating ventilation and air conditioning where high heat transfer performance and high effectiveness are mostly required. There are many factors which affect the performance of counter flow cooling tower like water flow rate, air flow rate, fill porosity, water to air ratio, fouling, heat leakage in the atmosphere. There are many investigators who have worked on cooling tower by using Merkel equation and poppe’s equation to calculate effectiveness of cooling tower by considering the effect of water and air flow rate, ambient wet bulb temperature, tower characteristics. This paper aims to observe the effect of process variable on temperature of water. Such as 1. Inlet water flow 2. Inlet air velocity 3. fill porosity.

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Classification is a model finding process that is used for portioning the data into different classes according to some constrains. The main goal is to accurately predict the class for each data. A classification analysis requires that the end-user know ahead of time how classes are defined. This paper focuses on a survey on various classification techniques that are most commonly used in data-mining. There are several classification mechanisms that can be used such as K-nearest neighbor, Bayesian network, Neural Networks, Decision Trees, Fuzzy Logic, Support Vector Machine, Boosting etc. This paper also deals with a study on some of these commonly used techniques that are being widely used.

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The Advanced Static VAR Compensator (STATCOM) uses a high power self-commutating inverter to draw reactive current from a transmission line. The STATCOM is based on the principle that a self-commutating static inverter can be connected between three-phase AC power lines and an energy-storage device, such as an inductor or capacitor, and controlled to draw mainly reactive current from the lines. This paper deals with the modelling and control of an STATCOM system with self controlled DC bus which employs a three phase PWM voltage source inverter. The STATCOM system is modelled using the d-q transform and employs a programmed PWM voltage wave shaping pattern to simplify the logic software and hardware requirements. The inverter system can compensate leading and lagging reactive power supplied by the load connected to the supply. Simulated results obtained with MATLAB are also presented.

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Understanding software requirement is very crucial task for development of any software project. Problem emerges when the actual development of the software starts. Few requirements create ambiguity where it is possible to satisfy one requirement among set of requirements. Ambiguity can be avoided by using modern tools and formal language in place of natural language. By using modern tool ambiguity can be avoided. This paper proposes modem ways to provide the software requirements specification to avoid ambiguity and incompleteness.

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This paper describes the methodology to convert files from one format to another intelligently. The input and output formats can be varied according to the necessity but the process remains same unlike the traditional format to format conversion. The elements in the document like text, table or image should be intelligently detected and formatted and should be retained in the new format. The input document and the output document logical structure must be same even though the physical structure is different.

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Ahmedabad is one of the heaviest traffic congested cities of Gujarat. City is having two wheelers cars and Autorickshaws in greater number.This has led to the congestion condition. Hence there is a need for the alternative of public transportation which creates lesser congestion, reduce journey time, and provide safety and convenience. Currently AMTS and BRTS is running in the city.

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This paper present aims to about the performance of D-STATCOM, to mitigate voltage sag, hence improve the power quality of the power system. Various loads like Starting of induction motor, Transient fault & Arc furnace will create voltage sag in the power system;the fuzzy logic controller is use as a substitute for the conventional PI compensator. Using fuzzy logic has received increased attention in recent years because of its usefulness in reducing the need for intricate mathematical models in problem solving. The performance of proposedfuzzy logic DSTATCOM has been simulating for voltage sag compensation for both linearand non-linear loads.By using D-STATCOM, this paper simulation models for the mitigation of voltage sag due to above mentioned causes are done& maintain the voltage profile using MAT-LabR-2011a software.

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In parallel to developing technology, demand for more energy makes us seek towards new renewable energy sources. The most important of this is Wind and Solar energy, because of due to popular ones owing to abundant, ease of availability freely available, environmental friendly, and they are considered as promising power generating sources. Solar and Wind energies are usually available for most of the remote areas as renewable sources. However, it is prudent that neither Stand-alone Solar energy nor a Wind energy system can provide a continuous supply of energy due to seasonal and periodical variations. Therefore we use the Hybrid Power System. Solar and Wind energies have been widely used as Hybrid combination for electricity supply in isolated locations far from the distribution network, due to advancements in renewable energy technologies. This paper presents Study and Simulation for the Stand-alone Solar Power System, Standalone Wind Power System and Hybrid Solar and Wind Power System with Battery storage. Simulation is done using MATLAB/Simulink Software.

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Shot blasting is a surface cleaning and finishing process. This review paper includes basic components and significance of the typical shot blasting machine. The whole process has been explained herein along with the broad classification of its different types. A couple of methods have been described viz swinging table and tumblast. The drawbacks of tumblast are concluded hence.

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Despite the vast amount of exploration in the recent past, Cognitive Radio is yet to be commercialized for usage in real time scenarios. Ongoing articles in this area of research has mainly focused on spectrum sharing, energy saving, security aspects etc… despite these vast amount of researches CR is yet to enter its initial stages of deployment. The hypothesis based on which many ongoing researches are performed, never offer a clear vision about CR in reality. In this article we test the initial boundaries of the various proposed schemas in CRN. We also discuss the issues in implementing such network in real time scenarios. This is possible if we make some alterations in the design schema. To concrete our discussion we consider real time plots, motivated by reasonable frameworks in telecom field like television, mobile phone etc… we also show how the existing patterns are not feasible in real world schemas. We conclude by focusing the inconsistency between the ongoing researches and the real time industrial variants.

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This paper presents the application of a fuzzy logic controller to improve the stability of electric power system. The stabilizing signal is computed using the standard fuzzy membership function depending on the speed acceleration state of the generator in the phase plane. Studies have been carried out considering FLPSS based on 3, 5 and 7 MFs of Gaussian shape. Investigations reveal that the performance of the proposed FLPSS is quite robust to wide variations in loading condition both for small and large perturbations. The performance of the fuzzy PSS is compared with the conventional power system stabilizer (CPSS). The simulations were tested under different operating conditions and change in reference voltage also tested with different membership functions.

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Providing security to sensitive data against unauthorized access has been a long term goal for the database security research community and for the government statistical agencies. Recent advances in data mining technologies have increased the disclosure risks of sensitive data. Hence, the security issue has become, recently, a much more important area of research. Therefore, in recent years, privacy-preserving data mining has been studied extensively. A number of algorithmic techniques have been designed for privacy-preserving data mining. Most methods use some form of transformation on the data in order to perform the privacy preservation. Such methods reduce the impact of data. This reduction impact of data results in some loss of effectiveness of mining algorithms. A lot of research has already been done to solve the problem. In this paper, we will introduce an efficient algorithm to protect sensitive information.

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In today’s scenario, Parallel Manipulators (PM) are widely used due to many important characteristics over the serial manipulator. Human arm motions which similar to double arom configuration of parallel manipulator are always lucrative for researchers, as it replaces human workers without major redesign of work-place in industries. Human have its own limitation of rotation of arms beyond which they can’t work. Revolute joints in manipulator have virtually no mechanical limits so that the workspace can be maximized. It is therefore required to understand dual arm manipulation in humans and resulting knowledge can be used for robot control in industries. This review aims to summarize the dual arm planar and spatial manipulators used in various industrial applications and proposing planar configuration for different industrial applications.

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This paper presents the comparison of different DRA antennas and the modes of coupling the energy to a DRA antenna to its ports. The DRA is excited by a conformal inverted-trapezoidal patch connected to a micro strip line. The wider bandwidth is achieved due to several factors such as rectangular shape of the dielectric resonator and feed mechanism. The coupling mechanism has a significant impact on resonant frequency and Q-factor. A efficient bandwidth is achieved based on which antenna array structure is designed and the directivity increases largely. Various coupling methods have been described in this paper. The impedance bandwidth of the DRA can be calculated from the Q factor.

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In order to protect the data centrally when they are being transferred from one party to another party so, that it cannot be used for secondary purposes unrealized training dataset is an important technique used to prevent data. With help of Unrealized training dataset algorithm it divides the sample data in two forms i.e. Tp a set of perturbing datasets and T’ a set of output training datasets. The classification method used over here is C5.0 and C5.0 is the extension version of C4.5 algorithm. C%.0 is the classification decision tree algorithm which uses features like handling both continuous and discrete attributes, handling missing values, purning techniques. This paper produces a modified C5.0 algorithm which uses datasets generated by unrealized training dataset for classification. As the memory consumption and time consumption rate of C5.0 is better compared to C4.5 which is useful during large dataset entries to securely transfer and regenerate original data from modified C5.0 classification method.

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