The gearbox manufacturing Companies are proposing three to five stage epicyclic gearboxes and it is widely used in sugar mill and wind mill drives. It was found that high volume gearbox costs are very dependent upon material cost and the weights of the planetary drives. It was difficult to quickly find an optimum solution, while the space restriction was given and weight was to be minimized. For most of the gearboxes; housing dimensions are derived from thumb rule or empirical relations. Such process of design lead to conservative dimensions leading to bulky housing and such process was very time consuming. Today’s computational hardware and software offers quick analysis and design modifications capabilities which can be used for design improvement and optimization of products. So, here aims are stress analysis of the housing using ANSYS workbench and reduce the mass of the epicyclic gear train housing by using MATLAB optimization tool box.

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Image compression defines as reducing the amount of data required to represent digital image. Transform coding, on the other hand, first transforms the image from its spatial domain representation to a different type of representation using some well-known transform and then codes the transformed values (coefficients). There are mainly two Fourier based transformDCT and DWT are used for Image compression standards JPEG& JPEG2000 respectively.This two transform are not good enough for representing the geometric curve so need new techniques for image compression.This limitation is solving using the new technique called contourlet transform (CT). Which is based on Laplacian Pyramid and Directional Filter Banks (DFBs), can be capable of efficiently approximating natural images containing contours.

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The main objectives behind the development of congestion detection algorithms are to detect areas of high traffic density with low speeds. Each vehicle captures and disseminates information such as location and speed and process the information received from other vehicles in the network, which can be possible through VANET. Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks are self-organizing networks established among vehicles equipped with communication facilities. Due to recent advancements in vehicular technologies vehicular communication has emerged. Multiple approaches have been proposed to implement congestion detection in VANET. Traffic congestion is a very serious problem in big cities. With the number of vehicles increasing rapidly, especially in cities whose economy is booming, the situation is getting even worse. In this paper we are presenting Detection of Traffic Congestion using proposed approach and analysis of result.

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the Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a new type of manufacturing process in which the relative motion between the tool & work-piece produces heat in the tool workpiece interface makes two plastic sheets joined by plastic diffusion by virtue of frictional heat. Various researches have been done over the friction stir welding of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Sheet to investigate the effect of welding parameters as high density polyethylene & polypropylene sheets are influenced by frictional stir welding parameters. The aim of the study is to develop a three dimensional model of HDPE sheet by friction stir welding using finite element method for specific experimental cases & validate the data & results obtained by experimental techniques. The friction stir welding is to be simulated using FEM model with software tool ANSYS.

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This paper involves the review of the Shadow Detection and Removal in still images. No prior information has been used such as background images etc. for finding the shadows. It is a very challenging issue for the computer vision system that shadows effect the perception of artificial intelligence based machines in appropriately detecting the particular object as shadows also picked by them and detected as false positive objects. Also in surveillance, it affects the proper tracking of humans such as at airports. We proposed a method to remove shadows which eliminates the shadow much better than existed methods. RGB space has been used of the images and some morphological operations also applied to get better results.

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Advancement in the field of Information Technology also made Security an important and inseparable part of it. To deal with security, Authentication plays a vital role. Mobile devices continued to evolve in terms of the capabilities and services offered, so they created demands in terms of security. This paper presents a review on the biometric authentication techniques used in mobile phones. A wide range of systems require trustworthy personal recognition schemes to either to determine or confirm the identity of a person requesting for their services. The purpose of such scheme is to ensure that provided services are accessed only by a real and authorised user, and not by anyone else. In this paper we have shown various biometric technologies used in authentication in mobile phones and showing their advantages and disadvantages.

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There are many inventions aimed at increasing the performance of IC engines. In general, practical engines are always compromised by trade-offs between different properties such as efficiency, weight, power, heat, response, exhaust emissions, or noise. When power increases efficiency is always decreases. Presently, ethanol is prospective material for use in automobiles as an alternative to petroleum based fuels. The main reason for advocating ethanol is that it can be manufactured from natural products or waste materials, compared with gasoline, which is produced from non-renewable natural resources. Some methods and components are useful for increasing performance of engine. One such method is the use of supercharger in I.C. Engine. It is known that the power outputs of an engine increases with the increase in amount of air or mixture in the cylinder and supercharger plays an important role in increasing the amount or air. Till now supercharger is being successfully employed in heavy engines but its use with smaller engine is still under development. Thus this project employing a supercharger in small engine with capacity of nearly 100cc which used in two wheeler bike. In recent years, the motor vehicle industry aims at the small sized and high power density engine, while downsizing (small size and weight saving) and measuring the improvement in fuel consumption, and cleanization. Full power is needed only for accelerating and hill-climbing; during the remainder of the time the excess.

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Pulsed-latched circuits, in which latches are triggered. In today’s world, with increasing complexity of the chip, the transistor count reached over millions of transistor. Also demand for high speed performance tends to increase the clocking frequency. With the increase in clock frequency, also the switching activity in the synchronous digital design has increased largely, increasing the dynamic power dissipation due to switching. Hence it has become necessary to reduce the power losses in due to switching activity. For such reduction clock gating technique is applied, in which the clock signal is disabled during the period of inactivity. In this paper a review of present clock gating techniques is done.

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Gearbox is an important component of heavy machinery. The gearbox housing plays a vital role as it houses the transmission components. The different components housed are gears, bearings, shafts and oil. The housing contributes largely towards the total weight of the gearbox and hence requires careful design procedure. A variety of forces will be acting on gearbox housing which must be handled critically while designing the gearbox housing. Stress analysis is engineering discipline that determines the stress in materials and structures subjected to static and dynamic forces or loads. FEA method is used to analyse static properties of the case and transmission parts in high-speed class. The consideration of the effects on gearbox in the action of structural load, gearbox stress distribution can be satisfied for working condition by using ANSYS

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The present work is carried out on modeling and analysis of track mounted conveyor’s chassis to improve the load carrying capacity of the chassis and reducing the failure of chassis with bending by adding stiffeners to the Chassis. The stiffeners triangular in shape to be placed in between the cross members of the chassis. The Stiffeners are to be welded to the chassis. The design considerations for this study are Bending stress and deflection. The static loading condition was carried out for this type of design. The values Compared are with the chassis with stiffener and without stiffener. The modeling is developed on solid works 2014 and Analysis is carried out on ansys workbench 14.5.

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Hydrology is a science which deals with the fluid and solid state and types of precipitation that occurs on the earth surface. The basic aim of this paper is to focus on the calculations for snow hydrology that can be helpful for the basic fundamental calculation for snow hydrology starting form precipitation, snow fall measurement and then snow melt calculations.

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Energy conservation has now become a necessity. Considerable energy saving is possible through proper choice of equipments, and their effective use. The-only feasible way to handle energy crisis, apart from capacity addition, is the efficient use of available energy. For this there is a need of optimizing energy, using standard systems and procedures so as to reduce energy requirements per unit of output .In this paper a case study of industry for energy audit is presented. Energy audits don't save money and energy for companies unless the recommendations are implemented. Audit reports should be designed to encourage implementation, but often they impede it instead. The goal in writing an audit report should not be the report itself; rather, it should be to achieve implementation of the report recommendations and thus achieve increased energy efficiency and energy cost savings for the customer. Energy audit is an important tool in transforming the fortunes of any organization. This is highly relevant to the industry as it deals with a renewable energy source and looked upon as rural power house. The scope for conservation is immense and if properly harnessed can take the organization to the path of prosperity. Energy audit becomes all the more important in view of the energy conservation Act 2001 enacted by Government of India and the proposed New provisions. The Result from the Energy audit of a textile industry located in Kim, surat. The Scope of Energy audit in a textile plant should include the study of Improve the Power factor of electrical utilities, replace the faulty capacitor, power saving by lighting management, install voltage stabilizer to reduce power consumption, improve Compressor & Pump efficiency and performance of Steam boiler. This paper consists the details of primary observations along with appropriate recommendation with supporting calculations. Certain areas are identified where there is a potential for saving in energy and measures have also been found for increasing plant productivity. Energy Conservation has been identified as a prime measure for cost reduction. Accordingly, the company has taken several in-house measures for energy savings and achieved substantial energy savings.

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In this paper, an attempt has been made to determine the working stresses like thermal and rotating acted on the spinning wheel equipment made of SS304 used for making thermal ceramics which are used as thermal insulation in many industries. In which the values are generated by the linear function of temperature and related centrifugal stresses for estimating the life of the component, and trying to increase the life of component by changing the material.

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A single precision floating point unit in verilog is introduced. The novelty of a single precision floating point unit is to provide five arithmetic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and square root. In top-down design approach, four arithmetic modules: addition/subtraction, multiplication, division, and square root are combined to form a single precision floating point unit. Each module is independent from each other. The modules are realized and validated using verilog simulation in the Modelsim SE 6.5 and synthesis using Xlinx ISE Design Suite 13.3.

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After harvest, fruits and vegetables need to be stored in cold storages. But most of the cold storage manufacturers are still using old and traditional technologies. This paper deals with different aspects of design of cold storage and its improvement over the existing ones. Both of temperature and airflow rate were controlled and adjusted inside ripening room in banana ripening process, but the temperature of the refrigerated space will rise due to heat gain of the refrigerated space. Total heat gain from refrigerated space through all mechanisms is consists of transmission load (Q1), infiltration load (Q2), product load (Q3), and internal load (Q4).

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Air pollution is most important from the public health of view, because every individual person breaths approximately 22000 times a day, inhaling about 15 to 22 kg of air daily. Polluted air causes physical ill effect decides undesirable aestheticand physiological effects. Air pollution can be defined as addition to our atmosphere of any material, which will have a dexterous effect on life upon our planet. The main pollutants contribute by automobile are carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and Lead. Automobiles are not the only sources of air pollution, other sources such as electric power generating stations, industrial and domestic fuel consumption, refuse burning, industrial processing etc. also contribute heavily to contamination of our environment so it is imperative that serious attempts should be made to conserve of our environment from degradation. An Aqua Silencer is an attempt, in this direction, it is mainly dealing with control of emission and noise. An Aqua Silencer is fitted to the exhaust pipe of engine. Sound produced under water is less hearable than it produced in atmosphere. This mainly because of small sprockets in water molecules, which lowers its amplitude thus, lowers the sound level. Because of this property water is used in this silencer and hence its name AQUA SILENCER. The noise and smoke level is considerable less then the conventional silencer, it is cheaper, no need of catalytic converter and easy to install.

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The die is important component for production workshop like forging, blanking, punching, etc. the quality of product is depend on die surface so its surface finish should be good. The end milling process which is often encountered in manufacture of die. The surface roughness depend on many parameter like feed rate (F), depth of cut (D), spindle speed (S), cutting path followed by tool, etc. The focus of current report is to find effect of cutter paths used in the milling process on surface roughness. Here the different cutting path are one directional, back & forth and spiral are considered as cutter path strategies. These cutter tool paths very effective on the producing the surface finish of the work piece. The cutter path strategies greatly influenced to the surface finish of the work pieces. The objective of study is to investigate optimum cutting characteristics and effects of cutting path for OHNS steel by usingend mill tools. A full set of experiments for this process would require eighty one different experiments(full factorial design=34) asopposed to the twenty seven which are needed fortheTaguchiversionoftheexperimentusingL27orthogonal array. Results analysis is done by Taguchi Method and ANOVA method which both give approximate same results. ANOVA analysis gives percentage contribution of cutting path, feed rate, depth of cut and spindle speed on surface roughness.

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Profile matching may be a important strategy particularly in social networking. Dynamic Profile matching may be an imperative procedure especially in long range informal communication. Here throughout this paper we have a tendency to square measure going to learn client Privacy-Preserving Matchmaking. we have a tendency to starting propose a specific Comparison-based framework Matching methodology (ecpm) to load between 2 gathering, cohort pioneer and a respondent. The ecpm permits the pioneer to get the a few such quality in their profiles, although keeping their trait values from disclosure. we have a tendency to then propose cohort understood Comparison-based Profile Matching convention (icpm) that allows the pioneer to straightforwardly gain a few messages as opposed to the examination result from the respondent. we have a tendency to utilize homomorphism encoding to fortify the security in matching the profile matching.

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The development in the modulation techniques had been witnessed since last two decades which demands reliable transmission of information with higher data rate. Modulation scheme such as QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) is one of the widely used modulation techniques in cellular communication because of its high efficiency in power and bandwidth. 16-QAM is a kind of digital modulation scheme which transmits four bits per symbol on two orthogonal carriers; one in phase and the other one is in quadrature phase. Hence the data rate is increased by a factor of four. It is quite preferable as there is a balance between obtaining the higher data rates and maintaining an acceptable bit error rate keeping the energy of the constellation constant. Development of MATLAB model of 16 QAM MODEM and its simulation is done. High speed ADC/DAC card FMC150 interfaced with Xilinx FPGA Virtex-6. VHDL code for 16 QAM Modulator was developed and ported on Xilinx FPGA Virtex-6.

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This paper deals with the design and analysis of centrifugal pump. Pump is a device mainly used for transporting liquid from lower level to higher level. In pumps the mechanical energy is converted into hydraulic energy. The two main components of centrifugal pump are impeller and casing therefore, they must be carefully designed for better performance of pump. In the present work the conventional design of pump is carried out using empirical equations and then the model of closed impeller was generated using SOLIDWORKS and the same model was analyzed in ANSYS (Workbench) Fluid Flow (CFX). The analysis is done of existing impeller along with modified impeller by changing its inlet and outlet vane angles and number of blades. The main objective of this work is to design the pump, model the impeller and obtain maximum efficiency then the existing impeller by selecting the optimum vane angles and number of blades.

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Searching and communication is also an application of peer to peer, and even science networking is an application. The Peer-to-Peer technology is one of the In peer to peer, every peer has responsibilities for the downloading and uploading files because here each peer is a client and server. It is often compared to client server model and also it is completely contrast to the client server model. Hence it is also called has single system program so at that instance each peer can act as client/server. It has many applications to do but the major application is to content distributing i.e. file sharing or distributing the information of the file. other applications are publications and distribution of software, content delivery network, and even some streaming purposes like streaming media and multicast streaming and it will also facilitates on demand content delivery.

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In Data Mining, Association rule mining and classification are most important tasks for decision making process based on data. Single-Label classification only Predict the single class label but nowadays most of the Application require more than one class label for Prediction eg. Music and text categorization, Medical diagnosis. Above Issue can be solved by Multi-label classification But the disadvantage of that is in this technique due to more number of label number of rules generated by the algorithm is too large and redundant. So discovery of strong rules is more harder this problem can be solved by the ranking and Pruning method using Parameter like Entropy and Information Gain. Still not giving good result so future work is we can apply pruning using the factors like Confidence and database Coverage. In this paper some of the techniques for rule ranking and pruning are explained for associative classification.

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The continuously variable transmission, or CVT, continues to emerge as a key technology for improving the fuel efficiency of automobiles with internal combustion (IC) engines. A toroidal continuously variable transmission (CVT) has an elliptical shape in the contact area, which resulting high contact stress and transmits the power. Many parameters affect the contact stress of the half toroidal CVT, which include the properties of the contacting material (Young’s modulus), operating parameter (input load) and geometrical parameters (aspect cavity ratio, curvature ratio and half cone angle of the power roller, transmission ratio). In this paper, the contact between the input disk and the power roller are formulated using the classical Hertzian contact theory. Based on the formulated equations, different system parameters, which affect the maximum Hertzian contact stresses, are compared with the simulated results generated in ANSYS. The comparative results will provide some observations of the relations between the maximum Hertzian stresses and input load in the form of graphs for different materials (i.e. 100Cr6/Si3Ni4, 100Cr6/Ni75%, Cr 14%, Fe 10%, 100Cr6/100Cr6, 100Cr6/Ni70 %, Cu 30 %). These graphs give useful information for designer to know the maximum Hertzian stress during operation in such systems.

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Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is one of the earliest non-traditional machining process. EDM process is based on thermoelectric energy between the workpiece and electrode. Material removal rate (MRR) is an important performance measure in EDM process as it is very slow then other traditional machining processes. Since long many EDM research have been explored a number of ways to improve and optimize the MRR including some unique experimental concepts. Despite a range of different approaches , all the research work in this area shares the same objective of achieving more efficient material removal coupled with a reduction in tool wear and improved surface quality. The paper reports research on EDM relating to improvement in MRR along with some insight into mechanism of material removal. In this research attention is focussed on the analysis of MRR by increasing the amount of heat content externally using some explosives like Carbon and Sulphur. DOE approach is adopted to justify the exact response of the Heat Input(Q) with two other parameters like Current(Ip) and Air-Pressure (Pa) as Input parameters. MRR is taken as a response parameter. The Experiment is done by L9 array and result are calculated and analysed to know the effect of parameters.

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In this paper, a comparison between Double Material Double Gate Surround Gate (DMDG-SG), Double Material Triple Gate Surround Gate (DMTG-SG) and Triple Material Triple Gate Surround Gate (TMTG-SG) MOSFETs is presented with the help of 2D model simulations.

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