A mobile Ad-Hoc network is a collection of wireless nodes that can dynamically be set up anywhere and anytime without using any pre-existing network infrastructure. It is an system in which mobile hosts are connected by wireless links. The Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol is designed for use in ad-hoc mobile networks. AODV is a reactive protocol: the routes are created only when they are needed. It uses traditional routing tables, one entry per destination, and sequence numbers to determine whether routing information is up- to-date and to prevent routing loops.

Read More...

Mobile projectors are similar to handheld projectors which have the technology to project images in a handheld device. These projectors may be employed in mobile phones, personal numerical supporters associate degreed conjointly in digital cameras that have economical storage capability needed for presentation however has very little house to accommodate an in-built computer screen. The main components needed to change a projector in an exceedingly phone includes A battery, the physical science, the optical device or light-emitting diode lightweight sources, the combiner optic and in some exceptional cases we would need scanning mirrors conjointly. The method for displaying the image or video includes numerous steps. The primary step is that the electronic system converts the image into associate degree signal. Then those electronic signals initiative optical device or light-emitting diode lightweight sources with in contrast to colours and powers down numerous methods. The various lightweight methods are combined into one path by employing a combiner optic. It defines a palette of colours. And then in the final step, the glasses copy the image pixel and then the image can be projected. Some of the other optical systems do not apply the technology "mirrors" and they are measured to withstand more difficult conditions. The whole glass system is packed together into single actual tiny chip. The hand held projector has an important ability to display clear and sharp image, even if the characteristics of the viewing surface is not proper.

Read More...

This paper deals with the design and analysis of centrifugal pump. Pump is a device mainly used for transporting liquid from lower level to higher level. In pumps the mechanical energy is converted into hydraulic energy. The two main components of centrifugal pump are impeller and casing therefore, they must be carefully designed for better performance of pump. In the present work the conventional design of pump is carried out using empirical equations and then the model of closed impeller was generated using SOLIDWORKS and the same model was analyzed in ANSYS (Workbench) Fluid Flow (CFX). The analysis is done of existing impeller along with modified impeller by changing its inlet and outlet vane angles and number of blades. The main objective of this work is to design the pump, model the impeller and obtain maximum efficiency then the existing impeller by selecting the optimum vane angles and number of blades.

Read More...

Automated Manual Transmission as the name suggests is a manual transmission with clutch and gear actuation done with help of actuators, either electromechanical or hydraulic. The whole AMT system has a control strategy to decide the actuation of actuators. Actuators are the only parts which are responsible to carry out required actuation physically as per command from control strategy. Therefore proper selection of actuator based on cost, control and service life are important. The objective of this paper is to finalize the required specifications and selection of suitable type of actuators. The selected actuators will be used to develop a low cost AMT system and which forms the main aim of the project work.

Read More...

Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is a specialised thermal machining process capable of accurately machining parts with varying hardness or complex shapes, which have sharp edges that are very difficult to be machined by the main stream machining processes. This paper studied the effect of various process parameters like: Current, Pulse on time, Pulse off time and Wire tension on responses like MRR and SR. Central composite design (CCD) is used for experimentation and Response surface methodology is applied for developed second ordered mathematical model. The adequacy of the above the proposed models have been tested through the analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Read More...

MapReduce is a powerful platform for large-scale data processing. MapReduce provides an easy parallel programming interface in a distributed computing environment. Bag-of-Tasks (BoTs) are parallel applications with no inter-task communication. Different approaches are studied to reduce the execution time and maximize the CPU utilization for cloud jobs. According to the studies, this can be happened MapReduce with BOT. Moreover, there are large numbers of jobs and if they are not scheduled well then complexity of execution will be occur. So, by applying scheduling techniques like MapReduce and BOT on cloud jobs this can be avoided. In Mapreducer’s reducer phase cloud jobs are going to executes serial so it takes too much execution time and minimum CPU utilization but after applying BOT on that phase jobs are going to execute parallel so execution time will reduced and CPU utilization will be maximized. From this approach, execution time may be reduced for cloud jobs and CPU utilization may be maximized.

Read More...

India faces major problems in traffic control due to increasing number of vehicles day by day. Few years ago India didn`t defined any fixed standardization for number plate so that it faced major security problems in traffic control. License Plate Recognition (LPR) systems can also be used at highways, motorways, toll tax collections, secured military area, vehicle checking, vehicle parking etc. The proposed work can be used for automatic toll tax collection centre, vehicle parking and vehicle checking at check post. The earlier methods used plate color information which can detect only single color number plates or use specific color search algorithm which is computationally expensive or use artificial neural network which involves complex mathematics. Many vehicles use multiple lines in license plate.

Read More...

In this study, an attempt have been made to analyses the changes of forest cover of Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary using temporal satellites images of Landsat TM of 05th May 1990 and IRS LISS III P6 of 02nd March 2008. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and digital image classification were used to generate the landuse/landcover of the sanctuary along with extensive ground truthing in 2008. SOI toposheets and other related information was used as an aid in feature extraction for the period of 1990. The NDVI values were derived and interpreted using ground filed surveys. Image differencing method was used to analyze the change detection of the landcover classes. The landuse/landcover were classify into 9 classes as Mixed Forest, Shallow water, Grassland, Village/ Forest camp area, Barren land, Dense forest, River , Open scrub and forest fire. The derived NDVI values varies from -0.27 to +0.62 in 1990 and -0.433 to +0.096 in 2008 respectively. The varied NDVI values indicates that vegetation cover was evenly distributed and reflected in the period 1990 while in 2008 there were highest reflectance of bare soil. However, it was observed that from May 1990 to March 2008, dense forest and mixed forest area increased up to about 28.83% and 7.94% in the abandon village areas and barren land. Grassland has also shown some improvement (3.16%) over the periods. The overall change detection is that the village areas and barren land before rehabilitation of the villagers were converted to high density grassland and mixed forest after rehabilitation which indicates a positive sign of management of the sanctuary.

Read More...

Materials with resistance to wear are frequently utilized in industry and these materials are notoriously difficult to machine. One of the methods of softening the work piece is hot machining. The temperature rise at the shear zone reduces the yield strength and work hardening of the work piece, which make the plastic deformation of hard-to-machine materials easier during machining. Hot machining prevents cold working hardening by heating the piece above the recrystallization temperature and this reduces the resistance to cutting and consequently favours the machining. Hot Machining can be used to decrease tool wear, power consumed and increase surface finish. In this study, an experimental investigation had been carried out for hot-machining operation of EN 31steel using a carbide cutting tool. The heating of the work-piece was carried out by burning a mixture of liquid petroleum gas and oxygen. The surface finish is influenced by work-piece temperature, cutting speed, feed and depth of cut. The influence of surface temperature, cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut on the surface finish was investigated.

Read More...

In general, a Quasi-Resonant Converter (QRC) shows lower EMI and higher power conversion efficiency compared to the conventional hard switched converter. This paper is design & development resonant converter using planar transformer with high switching frequency. The converter switching frequency needs to be increased to reduce passive component size and hence miniaturize electronic hardware. This can only be implemented with (a) soft-switching of power devices (b) Reduction in noise and EMI problems, & (c) Reduced heat dissipation of power components. Resonant converters fulfill all these requirements for realization of a high switching frequency converter. This resonant converter is required to operate from a low input bus such as 26V to 42V, to maintain primary and secondary isolation, to provide multiple outputs, and to sustain high efficiency operation.

Read More...

Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is a sub class of mobile ad hoc networks. VANET provides wireless communication among vehicles and vehicle to road side equipments. The communication between vehicles is used for safety, comfort and for entertainment as well. The performance of communication depends on how better the routing takes place in the network. Routing of data depends on the routing protocols being used in network. Position-based routing protocols are considered best for high dynamic network like VANET. In this paper I am going to compare the position-based routing protocols which work even in high traffic density very accurately.

Read More...

Big data is now a days a growing name, big data includes structured, semi structured as well as unstructured data. In this condition the storage and analysis of the data becomes a serious issue. Apache Hadoop is a growing name in storing maintaining as well as analysing the bid unstructured data. Apache Hadoop is an open source software to store, process and analyse the data. MapReduce is an efficient method used by the Hadoop to analyse the data. It is based on two functions Map functions and Reduce Functions. Both of which can be developed by developer according to their needs in any language supported by Hadoop. Log files are largely growing in amount and thus converting into big data. We propose a method to analyze the log files using the Hadoop MapReduce method.

Read More...

For domestic mine poor working conditions and market demand for mine personnel monitoring of characteristic parameters information, the paper presents a WSN-based mine personnel vital signs monitoring terminal which used to collect body temperature, pulse and other physical characteristic parameters. The entire monitoring system is composed of miner’s characteristic parameters monitoring terminal and monitoring center computer. Miner’s characteristic parameters monitoring terminal is developed based on embedded core processor ARM7 and embedded uClinux operating system platform, which uses WSN wireless network to send miners characteristic parameters data to the monitoring center computer. Monitoring center computer can be used to view miner’s physical characteristic parameters data, and providesan important support for the protection of the lives of mines personnel safety and accident rescue.

Read More...

The radio carpal combined discern alongside coronary wreck Detection is instrumentation that's utilized daily to point cardiopathy, to notice coronary wreck and to imply emergency facilitate. It had been projected specially to assist patients alongside cardiopathy. This includes 3 open sub units. They’re Circuit, Scrutiny formula, and Bluetooth Communication. The main one is to go down the radio carpal combined of the patient to arrests the atypical heart beat waves from the victim and additionally the alternate strategies span component locale in below the stick. This undertaking is established on the prior undertaking “Wireless coronary wreck Detector alongside GPS” of Plummet 2004.

Read More...

Efficiency of diesel engine is about 35-40 % remaining energy go waste. Maximum energy wastes in exhaust. In diesel engine 30-32% energy go waste in exhaust. So it is important to recover energy from exhaust. Approximately 15% of all the electricity produced in the whole world is employed for refrigeration and air conditioning system. During recent years research aimed at the development of technologies that can offer reductions in energy consumption, peak electrical demand and energy costs without lowering the desired level of comfort conditions has intensified. By reason that absorption refrigeration technologies have the advantage that the peaks of requirements with the availability of the waste heat. A 15 kW internal combustion engine was analyzed experimentally to determine whether it was capable of driving the experimental refrigeration system via its exhaust heat. This required a study of heat distribution of the diesel engine under various load conditions. As far as the integrated system is concerned, the experiments were focused on the heat distribution of the diesel engine and effect on the performance of the absorption refrigeration system. At full load condition, performance of refrigeration system is higher because of higher exhaust gas temperature. If more heat recovered from the exhaust gas of the IC engine then more heat transferred to the generator and hence this caused an increase on the cooling capacity of the experimental refrigeration system. This is due to the fact that, in the refrigeration system, the cooling capacity is directly proportional to the heat input to the generator.

Read More...

In this paper, we have presented an overview of existing size and effort estimates for software. All these estimates are described more or less on their own. Size & effort estimation is a very popular task. In this paper, we have also explained the fundamentals of size & effort estimation. We describe today’s approaches for size & effort estimation. From the broad variety of size & effort estimation models that have been developed we will compare the most important ones. The software development came in to existence around 60 years ago. Right from the beginning to till date the software engineering is continuously evolving the new techniques for developing quick, cheap and high quality software. Everything revolves around cost, schedule and quality. One such evolving field of software development is estimation models for software size and effort. Software size estimation is one of the most important input for software cost and effort estimation. Therefore improving the accuracy of software size estimation ultimately results in improving the accuracy of the software effort and cost estimates. This estimates are used in staffing, scheduling, planning, budgeting etc. But when we compute these estimates, only high level project requirements are available to us. Using this high level information to produce accurate software size estimates is a really challenging task.Project is always behind schedule, over budget, and of poor quality. So necessary steps are required to estimate size, effort, and cost accurately. Quality is a real challenge for most of the complex software. The important attributes of the software quality are accuracy, performance, security, availability, reliably etc. So there is a need of new matrices for efficiently estimating size.

Read More...

This paper consists of the introduction of hacking and its characteristics, including the overall aspects of it regarding the types of attacks, security goals and tools and other security measures. The paper also deals with the recent trends in the network security domain which is nowadays in a great demand.

Read More...

In this paper we propose a method to compress video on image retargeting with visual attension based on using saliency maps. This method allows saliency to increase in high quality parts of the frame, and allows saliency to reduce in non-ROI (Region of Interest) parts. To retargeting the image first extract the saliency maps from the frame, then ROI part of an image assigned as higher pixels count which is salient map image and lower pixels are non-salient image region. We compare our method from existing system H.264/AVC rate distortion optimization (RDO) by introducing a saliency distortion term in the distortion metric to propose method JPEG 2000 and H.264/AVC-10 and verify that, at the cost of visual quality in non-salient image regions, this method achieves a major improvement of the visual quality of salient image regions.

Read More...

World Wide Web is now an omnipresent entity and the web has influenced the process of engineering. We’ll elaborate this topic by covering topics such as the security issues and the semantics involved in this complex process. The web is a very volatile place and this may lead to outside interference resulting in lack of integrity of our data, hence it is important to maintain the integrity. This paper also includes the operations and maintenance jobs that can assist us take the next step in the engineering process.

Read More...

The main objective is to test the efficiency of partially purified alpha-amylase produced by Brevibacillus borostelensis R1 in automation dishwashing, laundry and to test the capabilities of partially purified alpha-amylase as desizing agent in textile industries. Submerged fermentation was used in alpha-amylase production. In textile industry, the alpha-amylase acted as a better desizing agent on sari, towel and navaar samples than caustic soda. Alpha-amylase together with the detergent proved to be more efficient to degrade the residues of starchy foods. The alpha-amylase was found to be useful in automation dishwashing and laundry industries.

Read More...