The main purpose this paper is to study the performance of two linear channel estimators for LTE Downlink systems, the Least Square Error (LSE) and the Linear Minimum Mean Square Error (LMMSE) using QPSK and 16 QAM modulation technique and also studied the effect of channel length on the performance of channel estimation. As LTE Downlink system is a MIMO-OFDMA based system, a cyclic prefix (CP) is inserted at the beginning of each transmitted OFDM symbol in order to mitigate both inter- carrier interference (ICI) and inter-symbol interference (ISI). The inserted CP is usually equal to or longer than the channel length. However, the cyclic prefix can be shorter because of some unforeseen channel behavior. In the case where the cyclic prefix is equal to or longer than the channel length, LMMSE performs better than LSE but at the cost of computational complexity .In the other case, LMMSE performs also better than LS only for low SNR values. However, LS shows better performance for LTE Downlink systems for high SNR values. MATLAB simulations are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed estimator in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) for 2x2 LTE Downlink systems.

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in this paper we will discuss the analysis and generation part of the algorithm and database, which are necessary conditions for any implementation. As per the name suggest, our main goal is the detection of outliers and generation of summary with the remaining text. In previous paper we had already discussed the basic techniques already used in Outlier Detection and text summarization. We successfully make an algorithm using hybrid approach of Conditional random field and Sliding window concept about which we think previous. Conditional Random field is used for Counterpart and Sliding window help to get the variable size of Sentence.

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This technical research mainly focused on heavy metal mobility in the soil environment. Once metals are introduced to environment and contaminate, the metals will remain for longer duration. Metals do not degrade like carbon based molecules. However, in general it is very difficult to eliminate metals from the environment. Heavy metal pollution problem arise when the heavy metals are mobilized into the soil and absorb by the plants or transported to the ground water. In this research the mobility of heavy metals has been identified by adopting speciation technique in surface and sub-surface soil of industrial area of Mysore, India. In the surface soil the concentration of the heavy metals are low when compare to the sub surface soil. This type of behaviour was due the influence of the pH, organic matter, electrical conductivity, retention time, leachability and microbes present in the soil. In the speciation analysis the mobility of the metals was estimated from surface to sub surface region. When compare to the total metal concentration in the surface soil it was observed that 90% of the metal concentration were moved to the sub surface soil. Finally the residual fraction has higher level of concentration of metal indicates no much movement and in the remaining fraction has lower level of concentration revealed that the mobility and the toxicity is very high.

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In Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) the structure of the signal predominately determines the system performance and wideband signals, in general, offer good performance. Consequently signal design and the receiver processing for wideband signals have attracted significant research attention in recent years. Because of the limited availability of the spectrum allocated for navigation systems, the numerous navigation signals broadcast by Modernized Navigation system will have to be combined and employ bandwidth-efficient modulations.

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The safety measures due to fire accident of hazardous area where human entries are restricted. e.g. Laboratory, factory and research centers such places should be protected from fire. Fire accidents may occur due to explosive or flammable materials. They can be prevented by taking safety measures. Robots are best and efficient way for taking these safety measures. So here the development of an autonomous ROBOT to detect fire and rescue from fire is done .Here sensors (flame ,UV sensor, temperature sensor)are used for this purpose/detecting purpose .Sensor sense the signal and transmit to the receiver circuit which mounted on robot .

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Sudden increase in load at load bus or initiation of the fault can cause momentarily voltage sag at load bus which in turn can cause problems for locally served load. The collector bus at which wind turbine generators are connected may trip the wind turbine generator in response to the sudden voltage sag due to fault or sudden load change as DFIG has limited reactive power support capability and hence limited LVRT (Low Voltage Ride Through) capacity .Therefore the voltage instability is the crucial problem in maintaining the uninterrupted operation of the wind turbine equipped with DFIG. And most of the utilities, demands that the wind generator has to remain connected to the network and provide necessary support to the network during temporary disturbances in the network. This paper investigates the use of DFIG in the wind farm for purpose of stabilizing the grid voltage after grid side disturbances such as some types of faults and sudden load changes.

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In this paper, we present the design and construction of a mini-robot for poisonous gas detection in mining areas. An application of DPDT is to control the mini robot if there is any obstacle which can’t be avoided by itself and it can be carried out successfully by using DPDT switch. Also, this application recipes a signal when the mini robot has detected poisonous gas with help of gas sensor (MQ-6)activates an alarm. The communication between the mini robot and the DPDT switch is carried out by using wireless micro wave. The results show the effective implementation of this kind of mini robot system has advantages such as low cost, small and simple.

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The shunt connected compensation (STATCOM) based FACTS device for the control of voltage and the power flow in long distance transmission line. The proposed device is used in different locations such as sending end of the transmission line, middle and receiving end of the transmission line. The PWM control strategy is used to generate the firing pulses of the controller circuit. Simulations were carried out using MATLAB Simulink environment. The suitable location and the performance of the proposed model were examined. Based on a voltage-sourced converter, the STATCOM regulates system voltage by absorbing or generating reactive power. The simulation results reveals that the reactive power generated is better at the middle of the transmission line when compared with the other ends of the transmission line and also the voltage is controlled at the middle of the line. Henceforth the location of STATCOM is optimum when connected at the middle of the line.

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This paper proposes energy efficient of automatic street lighting system based on low cost LDR circuit. The main objective is to design energy efficient based controller for controlling the Light Emitting Diode (LED) based street lamp via appropriate lighting levels control. This system is consists of a simple light detecting resistor, sunlight detecting sensors and LEDs. While, the controlling and managing of the system is based on the number of traffic and five different level of street light brightness has been used for lighting up the street and proportional to the number of traffic. The system was programmed to automatically turn off during the hours of daylight and only operate during the night and heavy raining or bad weather. Several numbers of tests have been conducted to test and validate the proposed prototype in the different environments. LDR based project main idea is to develop a application which can control the electricity usage in street lights or saving the energy when nt in use. LDR is used in this application for sensing light intensity. LDR controls power by controlling output resistance which is dependent on light intensity. This application can also be used in industries, house hold applications and many other fields where power consumption is more. The solar panels will feed the system with solar power, which will be charging the battery during the day. At night the battery will be discharge through the project processes. The battery and the streetlights will be monitored to observe their level and performance in the operating board. Research have been done about transmission medium which will be wireless by using transmitters and receivers. This medium will allows the information to transfer from part to another in the system.

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In this paper, Image registration is the fundamental task used to match two or more partially overlapping images taken into one panoramic image comprising the whole scene. It is a fundamental image processing technique and is very useful in integrating information from different sensors, finding changes in images taken at different times, inferring three-dimensional information from stereo images, and recognizing model-based objects. Choosing a suitable similarity measure for image registration is always challenging task. In image registration, the images may consist of noise, cloud, highly undulating terrains etc. Choice of similarity measure plays an important role in image registration task.classified according to their nature area-based and feature-based similarity measure and according to four basic steps of image registration procedure: feature detection, feature matching, mapping Function design, and image transformation and resampling.Main contributions, advantages, and drawbacks of the methods are mentioned in the paper. Problematic issues of image registration and outlook for the future research are discussed too. The major goal of the paper is to provide a comprehensive reference source for the researchers involved in image registration, regardless of particular application areas. Choosing a suitable similarity measure for image registration is always challenging task.In image registration,the images may consist of noise,cloud,highly undulating terrains etc.Choice of similarity measure plays an important role in image registration task.classified according to their nature area-based and feature-based similarity measure Similarity measure are mutual information,normalise mututual information,jaccard co-efficient,partial hauss-drauff distance,image quality index,cross commulative resuadal entropy,normalise cross correlation,encludian distance are study and between two image anlysis similarity measure w.r.t. time and various parameters.

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A verification environment to verify USB 2.0 Functional core using System Verilog is implemented in this paper. The verification IP can be reused to verify any USB protocol. Verification Environment is built to check the behaviour of DUT and to check whether we meet desired functionality of the core so that we can cover all the aspects of the design during verification. Verification of UTMI, Protocol Layer, Wishbone Interface and Memory Arbiter block is implemented in this paper. The Simulation Results are generated using QuestaSim 10.0b.

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A multiple client gaming service environment consists of a hosting server that is capable of allowing users interacting with others players who are running that game. Server provides the communication between host servers gaming server. Game play options are decided with type of game they wanted to play. The player management manages the players between the game roles. In this paper proposed an administration arranged construction modelling for enormous multiplayer online diversion and web administrations. This expands the adaptability and security of the framework.

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Grid computing is type of distributed system. Connections over network can be reutilized several times. In grid computing more than one computer is connected to each other. A node over grid network can be share system as well as other component such as printer, memory, disk, data application, storage and computing cycle. Grid computing connects computer system from more than one administrative domain to resume a common goal to short out a single process. The scope of grid computing provides a framework for exploiting underutilized resources and thus has the possibility of substantially increasing the efficiency of resource usages.

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TCP is a transport layer protocol which provides reliable and connection oriented transmission. The main problem of TCP is in wireless networks. In wired network, packet loss is mostly due to network congestion, while in wireless network the packet loss may be due to network congestion or may be due to mobility of nodes. TCP starts its back off procedure when it detects packet loss, if the packet loss is due to node movement then the back off procedure will be unnecessary and it will create delay in the network. There are many TCP variants available. In this paper we have analyzed five variants of TCP, TCP Tahoe, TCP Reno, TCP NewReno, TCP Vegas, and TCP Westwood by calculating its throughput and delay in wired as well as wireless scenario.

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In today’s time, everyone wants secure communication. Crypto core is used widely to make data secure. So handling of those data is very complex and important task for fast communication. Main objective of this paper is to design a controller which can handle the traffic of data for crypto core engine. Here, Design of AHB master which can take data from slave. One efficient DMA Controller used to transfer of data from AHB master to Crypto core engine. Here also design of two buffers to overcome the mismatch of size of data bus between AHB master and crypto core engine. So by combining all these modules, design of one controller comes up which takes data from AHB master and transfer them to crypto core engine through DMA controller. Also it’ll transfer data from crypto core engine to AHB master through DMA controller.

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This paper verifies the Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) Crypto Processor Core by applying different types of test cases as input. The test cases are given as randomized which will more efficient to catch the bug from design compare to direct test. As there are so many versions of SHA algorithm like SHA-1, SHA-2(160, 256, 384 and 512) and also now SHA-3, this paper verifies the 256 bit SHA algorithm. The verification of core is done using System Verilog language. The tool used for verification is questasim 6.6d by Mentor Graphics.

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The obstacle avoidance robots are advanced robots which have the capability to detect obstacles through sensors and move forward without collision. The basic tool for achieving this is "control theory", which deals with the question of how dynamical systems, i.e., systems whose behaviors change over time, can be effectively influenced. This paper treats the navigation problem of mobile robots to avoid obstacles according to vision information. In present method, first detection of obstacles which exist in front of a mobile is done by robot by calculating the optical flow. Then, based on the area of detection the optimal trajectory for a robot is decided. The sensor data for supporting a vision system has been used. In order to find the optimal trajectory, the distance between a mobile robot and obstacle evaluating a function is calculated. In this paper we designed a microcontroller on the board programmed with Arduino can sense the environment by receiving input from a variety of sensors and can affect its surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and other actuators. This obstacle controlled Robots are a great boon to the society because of their versatility, and easy maneuvering capability

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In our daily developing life, security becomes an essential issue in all fields. So to secure our real time delivered voice there is no such kind of application, we have only non real time security application for voice. Here By using Audio Codec’97 and Advanced Encryption Algorithm on FPGA vertex kit we can make a secure real time voice encryption system. Here we take a real time voice by microphone and send it to FPGA kit by Audio codec’97 here we use audio codec interface to receive voice in FPGA kit and send it to AES Encryption by RAM and after Encryption we send it to Transmitter and this Encrypted voice is received by Receiver at another FPGA kit here we also use same block like FPGA kit expect AES Encryption we replace with it AES Decryption to Decrypt the voice and receive original voice. Here we use ML401 kit of FPGA.

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In this paper, we propose a new technique for feature preserving spatial resolution enhancement of an image captured at low spatial resolution. We use a training database containing low resolution (LR) images and their high resolution (HR) versions. In an image, different features like edges, corners, curves and junctions are important to convey its local geometry. We use Local Binary Pattern (LBP) operator to represent texture of an image. The missing high resolution details of the low resolution observation are learnt in form of Non-subsampled Contourlet Transform (NSCT) coefficients of the high resolution images in the training database. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique by conducting experiments on real world gray scale images. The results are compared with existing learning-based approaches. The proposed technique can be used in applications such as medical imaging, remote surveillance, wildlife sensor networks where the transmission bandwidth, the camera cost and the memory are main constraints.

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This electronic document presents a brief review on Facial Expression Recognition. There are basic six facial expressions: Happy, Sad, Ander, Disgust, Surprise, Sad. This is a two step process, In first the facial feature is extracted from image and then it is classified into six category. Facial Expression is the only way to convey feelings more efficiently.

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In this paper I have present HC-05 serial Bluetooth module which is working on the modern wireless technology, the Bluetooth, for realization of distributed measurement and automation systems. HC-05 Bluetooth module is a serial communication module. Serial communication is the process of sending data one bit at a time, sequentially, over a communication channel. , as improved signal integrity and transmission speeds. HC-05 module operates on 3.3V. So there is USB to serial TTL module is required for voltage level conversions. Minicom is a text-based modem control and terminal emulation program for Unix-like operating systems. Minicom is a menu-driven communications program. HC-05 module can control by using minicom in a Linux operating system

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In this Paper, I will design AHB master which can take data from slave. One efficient DMA Controller used to transfer of data from AHB master to Crypto core engine. Also I’ve to design two buffers to overcome the mismatch of size of data bus between AHB master and crypto core engine. So by combining all these modules, I’ll design one controller which takes data from AHB master and transfer them to crypto core engine through DMA controller. Also it’ll transfer data from crypto core engine to AHB master through DMA controller. The result of this project is a controller which can transfer data between memory and Crypto core engine. This controller can help us to make our communication fast and easy to handle large size of data which needs encryption or decryption

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The Web Services Policy has configuration that represents the constraints and capabilities of the security policies on both internal node and endpoint. It can define whether security index are acquired, which secure encryption algorithms are used, and privacy rules that has to be employed . In present realizations of AES(Advanced Encryption Standard) on RISC(Reduced instruction set computing) that do not support encryption and decryption at the same time or only allow a specific cipher block size, In this paper we are implementing the secured IT system web service dynamic key generation and support both encryption and decryption simultaneously for web services.

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This paper addresses at first carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and importance of CNT over silicon based devices has been discussed and then exploring the recent survey on CNTFET structure and its types, then simulation of logic gate by changing various parameter of CNTFET is explained.

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This paper proposes a method for designing and implementation of metal detector using latest technology. The metal detector which is used for security checking. This metal detector can be used to detect slightly big size metallic objects. It is used as a sensing coil. This coil should be kept near the metallic objects for detection. Input of circuit is a weak culprit’s R.F range oscillator. Sensing coil forms parts of turned oscillator. This work focuses on the adaptation, simulation and construction of a commonly available schematic for metal detector. Metal detectors are finding applications all over the place as the ability to detect certain types of materials at a distance become ever more crucial.

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