The proper estimation of pedestrian speed-flow-density relationships is of vital importance, because such Relationships play an important role in developing useful tools for analyzing and improving pedestrian facilities in Terms of efficiency and safety. Data collected at Mehsana city at five different routes are analyzed to study the influencing factors and their effect on pedestrian walking speed. The results are compared in five routes of Mehsana city with respect to age and gender of pedestrians, cell phone usage, baggage and accompaniment. Further analysis was conducted on the mean walking speed of pedestrians with regard to several factors. Gender, age, and the group size were found to significantly influence the pedestrian mean walking speed.

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Customs Clearing Management System (CCMS) plays a prominent role in international trading operations. It is responsible for the collection of import taxes, the enforcement of prohibitions and restrictions as well as the collection of statistics. It examines the Single Window concept and its development is in practice over the last 5 years and provides an analysis of its development over time. In order to improve the customs clearance procedures, the paper analyses the main anomalies and bottlenecks related to import and export of goods. The paper puts forward two considerations to the existing system. Firstly, it adds consideration to port location or inspector group. Second, the introduction of a new application form named Onsite Inspection Request form for particular category of goods.

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Heat pipes are two-phase heat transfer devices with high effective thermal conductivity. Due to the high heat transport capacity, heat exchanger with heat pipes has become much smaller than traditional heat exchangers in handling high heat fluxes. With the working fluid in a heat pipe, heat can be absorbed on the evaporator region and transported to the condenser region where the vapor condenses releasing the heat to the cooling media. Heat pipe technology has found increasing applications in enhancing the thermal performance of heat exchangers in heating the vehicle compartment in cold countries, to recover heat from exhaust air in mini- dryer, in thermal radiator, in waste heat recovery from waste water.

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With the advancement in technology and increasing industrialization of world there has been an increase in energy demand. This energy requirement is primarily met by petroleum based fuels, which being non-renewable in nature necessitates finding alternative fuels which are renewable. Biodiesel is one of the alternatives which are renewable. Biodiesel is a biofuel, produced from biomass. These include biodiesels, biogas, bio-alcohols, and etc. This paper reviews the characteristics, production methods, methods of purification, and effects of biodiesels on diesel engines and current statuses of biodiesels. The paper also discusses biodegradability, lubricating properties, stability, economic feasibility, and emissions of biodiesels as engine fuel.

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There are two objectives for this research. One is to develop an effective procedure to optimize intersection signal timing by minimizing total delay for both vehicles and pedestrians. The second objective is to establish guidance for pedestrian crossing phase selection and the length of WALK phase when scramble crossing is used. An optimization procedure for signal plans on intersections is developed. The object of this report is to give traffic engineers or technicians in the cities of the emerging world a brief introduction to traffic signals, together with some practical guidelines on how to use them to obtain good and safe results. The lack of traffic signal conspicuity is often cited as a contributing factor by drivers who are involved in accidents at intersections. As such, increasing the conspicuity of traffic signals should lead to improved safety performance. This paper describes a project to determine the road safety effectiveness associated with improved signal design and better co-ordination between two intersections. A time-series evaluation was completed to investigate the effectiveness of the improvements to the traffic signal on road safety performance. Anecdotal information concerning the effectiveness of the improved traffic signals were also collected and evaluated.

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Concurrent engineering has also been identified by business organization as a simultaneous engineering, life cycle engineering, parallel engineering, integrated product and process development. Concurrent engineering practices have considerably matured over the last decade. However many companies still face enormous challenges while implementing and managing practices of C.E. This is due to the increased complexity of engineering products process on one hand and lack of concurrent engineering tools on the other hand. So in this paper important tools of concurrent engineering are discussed. Also in this paper main focus is given on how to implement concurrent engineering in industry with its major benefits and obstacles.

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In recent years various heuristic optimization methods have been developed. in this paper compares two new meta-heuristic techniques namely Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) and Big-Bang Big-Crunch (BBBC) algorithms for automatic test case generation using path testing criterion in symbolic execution environment. We have experimented on two real world and benchmarked programs Triangle Classifier (TC) and Line-Rectangle Classifier (LRC) showing the applicability of these techniques in genuine testing environment. Result show that both algorithms perform well in comparison to random testing but fail to generate test cases where input domain size is large.

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Diaphragm valve is a shut off valve, which is used for open/close application. One of the variant of diaphragm valve is a weir type diaphragm valve, in which a dam like structure called weir is placed in the middle of the valve. When diaphragm is stretched up to weir, the flow stops. However, even in open condition, the weir obstructs the flow. That is why if design is not proper, drastic pressure drop can occur. This make designers to use CFD analysis to find values of various flow parameters and simulate flow in weir type diaphragm valve which helps to improvise flow characteristics of the valve. Generalised procedure to perform CFD analysis of a weir type diaphragm valve is discussed in this paper.

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Monitoring the health of power transformer is important for the reliability of electrical power supply. Sweep Frequency Response Analysis is a powerful tool for analysing transformer health and mechanical integrity is used to check the eventual change in the internal geometry of the active parts of the transformer, displacements or deformations. The main causes of such as the presence of external short-circuit. These faults may result in complete rupture of insulation which will result in complete damage of the winding. A benchmark winding is considered which has already been validated for experimental studies. The winding is modelled using finite element method (FEM) based software and parameters such as capacitance and inductance are calculated for 10 section healthy helical coil, by these parameter values, SFRA plots are obtained which are a set of reference for deformation analysis. The winding is modelled as radially and axially deformed coils using FEM software. The deformation is carried at five consecutive sections; purpose of doing so to find the location of deformation corresponding to a similar deformation in an actual transformer. The advantage of the FEM modelling is, we can deform the sections as desired unlike in an actual case and obtain the fingerprint graphs from the modified parameter values. The SFRA plots are obtained for the deformations at five sections for axial and radial deformations. A comparison is carried between the SFRA plots for deformed cases with reference set & deviations observed are in resonant frequencies & peak current magnitude. So the type and location of deformation can be found corresponding to a similar deformation in an actual power transformer.

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Conventional type of bearing having disadvantage of backlash, higher friction and wear, in order to overcome this limitations new concept was developed i.e. linear bearing. Linear Bearing are nothing but deformable bodies having spiral cut. They offers various advantages over conventional bearing. Now a day’s technology of linear compressor uses linear motor which has very less friction. Piston motor, motor shaft is vertically supported by linear bearing. Present paper focuses on study of such linear bearing named as flexure bearing. FEA tool is used for analysis and design of bearing.

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This advanced double-tail dynamic comparator has two extra inverters which are inserted in the conventional double-tail dynamic comparator by which gain of the overall circuit is improved. The additional regenerative part of this helps in increasing the driving current at the output stage of the comparator. These circuits are designed using 180nm Technology and CMOS at a power supply of 1.8V and it performs better in the sensitivity to delay and also the offset voltage is reduced in this circuit as compare to the preamplifier stage based comparator, the area and power consumption used by this circuit is almost comparable.

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Every one of us have perused news of the cloning of sheep or steers with delighted investment. In any case how would you feel on the off chance that some individual `cloned' your cell telephone? Engineering is at last a making a mockery of its dull side. Alongside the multiplication of innovative developments, this period additionally denote the conception of the new-age IT crooks in an enormous manner, with the most recent engineering duplicity being cell telephone cloning. In spite of the fact that correspondence channels are outfitted with security calculations, yet cloners escape with the assistance of clauses in frameworks. So when one gets gigantic charges, the chances are that the telephone is continuously cloned. Wireless cloning is a system wherein security information from one cell is moved into an alternate telephone. The other wireless turns into the definite imitation of the first PDA like a clone. Subsequently, while calls could be produced from both telephones, just the first is charged. Despite the fact that correspondence channels are furnished with security calculations, yet cloners escape with the assistance of tricks in frameworks. So when one gets tremendous charges, the chances are that the telephone is constantly cloned. This paper depicts about the PDA cloning with execution in GSM and CDMA engineering telephones. It gives an understanding into the security system in CDMA and GSM telephones alongside the tricks in the frameworks and examines on the diverse methods for keeping this cloning. Besides, the future risk of this duplicity is, no doubt explained.

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Software engineering approach is used to develop software. It defines the application of engineering to design, development and maintenance of software. It deal with the software management processes that examine the area of software development through the development models, which are known as software development life cycle. It represents four of the development models namely, waterfall model, v-shaped model, prototyping model and spiral model. These models have some advantages and disadvantages as well. Therefore, main objectives of this research is to represents different models of software development and make a comparison between and focuses on security activities involve in developing secure software’s.

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Wireless Sensor Networks consist of small, low-power, low-energy nodes used for monitoring environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity and motion. The sensor nodes run on batteries that are not recharged during the network’s lifetime. Therefore, increasing WSN lifetime is a significant problem. In this article, We propose an improvement on the LEACH routing protocol to decrease energy consumption and increase network lifetime. Modified LEACH selects the cluster head node not only by considering residual energy of the node greater than the average residual energy level of nodes in network, but also on the basis of the distance between the candidate sensor node to the BS as a key parameter. The results of simulation show our proposed algorithm outperforms Basic LEACH protocol in terms of throughput and network lifetime.

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Massive content distribution on overlay networks stresses both the server and the network resources because of the large volumes of data, relatively high bandwidth requirement, and many concurrent clients. While the server limitation can be circumvented by replicating the data at more nodes, the network limitation is far less easy to cope with, due to the difficulty in determining the cause and location of congestion and in provisioning extra resources. In this paper, we present novel schemes for massive content distribution, that assign the clients to appropriate servers, so that the network load is reduced and also well balanced, and the network resource consumption is low. Our schemes allow scaling to very large system because the algorithms are very efficient and do not require network measurement, or topology or routing information. The core problems are formulated as partitioning the clients into disjoint subsets according to the degree of interference criterion, which reflects network resource usage and the interference among the concurrent connections. We prove that these problems are NP complete, and present heuristic algorithms for them. Through simulation, we show that the algorithms are simple yet effective in achieving the design goals.

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Hiding sensitive data to ensure confidentiality and privacy of the information has been a long term goal in the field of database security, so it is very important for the organizations to ensure that before disclosing data to the public access sensitive data must be hidden. In this paper, we are implementing a algorithm called MDSRRC (modified decrease support of RHS item of Rule Cluster) to hide the sensitive patterns ,which is the advanced version of Decrease support algorithm, which could applied over multiple itemsets whereas decreased support algorithm cannot be applied over multiple itemsets.

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The classical floor designing techniques use block packing to attenuate chip space, by creating use of algorithms like B-TREE illustration, simulated tempering. To urge AN best resolution it's imperative to settle on AN economical, price effective algorithmic rule. This paper presents a genetic algorithmic rule to supply an answer to the ground designing technique. It incorporates slicing tree construction method for the position and space improvement of circuit modules. It uses a probabilistic choice approach among its biological process cycle. Genetic algorithmic rule produces best or nearly best solutions to the ground designing method by exploitation techniques impressed by natural evolution, like inheritance, mutation, selection, and crossover.

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Computer-aided bedside patient monitoring is applied in areas where real-time vital function analysis takes place. Modern bedside monitoring requires not only the networking of bedside monitors with a central monitor but also other standard communication interfaces .In this paper, a novel approach to patient monitoring is introduced. A patient monitoring system was developed and implemented based on an existing industry standard communication network, using standard hardware components and software technologies. The open architecture system design offers scalability, standard interfaces, and flexible signal interpretation possibilities.

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Picture selection may be a computationally focused procurement inside the remedial imaging space that places stringent needs on execution and memory organization capability. This paper makes frameworks for mapping the picture selection orders on the configurable gear underneath time of time execution requests. Developing the arrangement of homogenized parameterized dataflow, that gives a profitable formal model of style and examination of supplies and workstation code for marker methodology procurements, we have a tendency to make novel procedures for identifying with and examining the fittings style house when mapping picture enlistment computations on the configurable gear. Our systems end in Associate in nursing calm framework for business off execution and configurable supplies stake use maintained the commitments of a given order. Maintained inclinations that we've got chose when applying these methods, we have a tendency to conjointly favoring a completely extraordinary development displaying that allows quickly-reconfigurable picture selection. This organized blueprint can tune its data taking care of structure adaptively maintained appropriate parts of the information pictures. Critical words Dataflow HPDF Image enrollment Reconfigurable architectures

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Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) is emerging as important research in area of revolutionary internet and digital technology. The focus of this paper is on efficient retrieval of similar images in a particular brain images using supporting vector machine (SVM). Instead of traditional low level features like color texture and shape which are uses in most of CBIR system Current approaches replace reshaped Image intensity as a feature to guide SVM system and applied to brain CT images. Original image is reshape to predefined size to limit the size of feature vector. Single matrix is generated as a database and class is assign to this matrix rows to train the SVM. This system helps radiologist to assist for evidence based practice or image based reasoning in his daily practice. Experimental results shows that the propose method is adequate and condescending to some other existing method

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A Planar Inverted-F Antenna for LTE2300 (2.3-2.4 GHz), WLAN (2.4-2.484 GHz), and LTE2500 (2.5-2.69 GHz) bands has been presented in this paper. The proposed structure has a dimension of 18 x 13 mm2 over the ground plane of size 100 x 50 mm2 which can easily be implanted in the small space available within the mobile device. The proposed structure is having an impedance bandwidth ranging from 2.16 GHz to 2.726 GHz covering all the desired frequency bands. The antenna has a resonating frequency at 2.395 GHz. For getting the impedance bandwidth we are taking -8 dB as the reference return loss. The input impedance plot of the proposed antenna along with the radiation pattern of the antenna at 2.4 GHz and 2.55 GHz are presented. The peak realized gain of the proposed antenna varies from 4.17 dB to 4.84 dB in the desired operating band.

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It has been observed that particular rate-1/2 turbo code can achieve a lower error floor than that of their rate-1/3 parent codes. Nevertheless, good puncturing patterns can only be identified by means of an exhaustive search, whilst convergence towards low bit error probabilities can be problematic when the systematic output of a rate-1/2 turbo code is heavily punctured. In this paper, we present and study a family of rate-1/2 turbo code. We evaluate their bit error rate performance and we show that they always yield a lower error floor than that of their rate-1/3 parent codes. Furthermore, we compare analytic results to simulations and we demonstrate that their performance converges towards the error floor region, owning to the QPSK modulation technique as compared to the un-modulated one. Consequently, we propose punctured modulated turbo code as a means of improving the bandwidth efficiency and simultaneously lowering its error floor. The investigations are carried out for transmission on additive white Gaussian noise channels. For our simulation size of interleaver selected is 1024*1024 and keeping the number of iteration between 5to8. Simulations are conducted on MATLAB at maximum SNR range of 7 dB. In addition we also simulate the performance of punctured turbo codes with increasing the number of iteration and its effect on the performance is analyzed.

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Power is a primary consideration in many segments of today’s electronics business. The thriving market for wireless/mobile devices such as cell phones, laptop and net book, and home entertainment electronics such as set-top boxes, digital cameras and broadband modems, is driving the need for low-power and energy-efficient system-on-chip designs. Power reduction has become a vital design goal for sophisticated design applications. Power consumption in chips, especially for technology at 90nm or below, must be lowered in order to reduce the packaging, reliability, manufacturing and operational costs of these devices. In addition, energy consumption as well as the amount of power loss over time must be managed to extend the use time of battery-powered applications. So in this paper different techniques are discussed for designing of low power SoC.

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Numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the performance of plane and curved rectangular winglet type vortex generators (VGs). Effects of shape of the VGs on heat transfer enhancement were evaluated using dimensionless numbers - j/j0, f/f0 and h =(j/j0)/(f/f0). The results showed that curved winglet type VGs have better heat transfer enhancement than plain winglet type in both laminar and turbulent flow regions. The flow resistance is also lower in case of curved winglet type than corresponding plane winglet VGs. The best results for heat transfer enhancement is obtained at high Reynolds number values (Re > 10000) by using VGs. The processes in solving the simulation consist of modeling and meshing the basic geometry of rectangular channel with VGs using the package ANSYS ICEM CFD 14.0.Then the boundary condition will be set according to the experimental data available from the literature. Finally result has been examined in CFD-Post. This work presents a numerically study on the mean Nusselt number, friction factor and heat enhancement characteristics in a rectangular channel having a pair of winglet type VGs under uniform heat flux of 416.67 W/m2. The results indicate the advantages of using curved winglet VGs for heat transfer enhancement.

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There are certain methods to create auto-scaling applications to make applications according to the load in cloud computing. Disaster recovery is one of the usages of this environment. For an example, during the event of disaster, applications may have the freedom to move from one environment to another one. Applications which are continuous in nature such as continuous integration tests require environments that support their running context. These applications are treated as individual applications for development. Clustering in the cloud computing can help in developing the applications as self-deployed applications. This paper describes the possibility of this type of phenomenon and helps us to discuss it through a fundamental structure.

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