Adders form important parts of any digital circuits. Adders are much used in all integrated digital circuits because any process involving multiplication and any binary functions use adders in their processes. Adders are not only necessary for addition, but it also needs for other parameter such as subtraction, multiplication and division. In this paper we have proposed both kogge stone adder and carry select adder. The proposed adder is synthesized using Spartan 3s400-tq144. A comparative study of delay of kogge stone adder and carry select adder were analyzed and shown that delay has been reduced in kogge stone adder compared to that of carry select adder.

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The evaluation of networking and wireless networks has come forward to grant communication anywhere at any time. Security of wireless networks is main aspect and encryption algorithms play an important role to provide the security to the wireless networks. This paper provides a fair performance comparison between the various cryptography algorithms on different settings of data packets.

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The main goal of the “Protection of the privacy of the cloud data through multiple clouds” is to identify and understand the risks associated with the cloud data and propose a distributed architecture to eliminate the risks. In particular, in current cloud architecture a client entrusts a single cloud provider with his data. It gives the provider and outside attackers having unauthorized access to cloud, an opportunity of analyzing client data over a long period to extract sensitive information that causes privacy violation of clients. Hence to overcome this we propose a distributed architecture. The distributed approach to the cloud eliminates the disadvantage of storing all data of a client to the same provider. In this approach the data sent by the client is split into different number of chunks and is distributed among multiple cloud providers. Our system consists of two major components: Cloud data distributor and Cloud providers. The Cloud Data Distributor receives the data in the form of files from many clients, splits each of the files into much number of chunks and distributes these chunks among appropriate cloud providers. Another major component which is Cloud Providers, store these chunks and responds to the chunk requests by providing the chunks.

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Now a day’s electronic systems are extensively used in the medical field and many researches are being conducted in the Medical Electronics fields. The Medical Electronic equipments are usually mended for the assistance during the diagnosis of diseases, for monitoring the medical conditions, for the management of medical database and also for using as the life support equipments. We have diagnostic equipments such as ultrasound, MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) machines, PET (Positron Emission Tomography) x-ray scanners, includes medical imaging machines, used to aid in diagnosis. Then another category of medical instruments is the Therapeutic equipments which includes infusion pumps, medical lasers and LASIK surgical machines. Life support equipment such as, medical ventilators, heart-lung machines, ECMO (Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation), and dialysis machines, is used maintain a patient's bodily function. Medical monitors allow medical staff to measure a patient's medical state. Monitors may measure patient vital signs and other parameters including ECG (Electrocardiograph), EEG (Electroencephalogram), blood pressure, and dissolved gases in the blood. And finally we have medical laboratory equipments to analyze blood, urine and genes.

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Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack is a coordinated attack, generally performed on a massive scale on the availability of services of a target system or network resources. Owing to the continuous evolution of new attacks and ever-increasing number of vulnerable hosts on the Internet, many DDoS attack detection or prevention mechanisms have been proposed. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of DDoS attacks, revealing methods and tools used in wired networks. The paper also highlights open issues, research challenges and possible solutions in this area.

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Technology is making many things easier; I can say that our concept is standing example for that. So far we have seen LAN, MAN , WAN , INTERNET & many more but here is new concept of “RED TACTON ” which makes the human body as a communication network by name .... HAN (Human Area Network). NTT lab from Japan is currently testing upward this world-shattering technology .Red Acton is a new Human Area networking technology that uses the exterior of the human body as a safe, high speed network diffusion path. Red Acton uses the minute electric field generated by human body as intermediate for transmitting the data. The chips which will be entrenched in various devices Contain transmitter and receiver built to send and accept data in digital format. In this paper we will thrash out about red Acton, and its functioning. States, and applications of red Acton various fields. And we will compare our red Acton with the other technology for data transmission. And know about HAN

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Peer to peer systems is a class of decentralized and distributed system. The participating node in the peer to peer systems acts as a both client and server whenever it is needed for another peer system. Whenever the storage is done on a system it is shared among all peers and also whenever the retrieval is done it is also shared among all peers. This makes an advantage of reliability, robustness and scalability. To avoid a situation of getting heavier loads than other peers the peer to peer systems must be provided with the loads to the all participating peers. This covers sending and receiving message that is the communication cost and computational power for requesting process. When the messages an forwarded from one peer to another peers they are exposed to a routing loads for queries during the information lookup and they only traverse them. And the traffic loads usually consist of both communication and computational power. The loads balancing in the peer to peer system are mainly based upon DHTs. The DHT are generally made to be well balanced under a flow of request and the request must be uniform. For example the objects having equal popularity that is the similar amount of request should be sent to all nodes

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In the last few years there has been a rapid exponential increase in computer processing power, data storage and communication. But still there are many complex and computation intensive problems, which cannot be solved by supercomputers. These problems can only be met with a vast variety of heterogeneous resources. The increased use and popularity of the Internet and the availability of high-speed networks have gradually changed the way we do computing. These technologies have enabled the cooperative use of a wide variety of geographically distributed resources as a single more powerful computer. This new method of pooling resources for solving large-scale problems is called as grid computing. This paper describes the concepts underlying grid computing.

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we are going to tell about how client data and confidentiality maintained in mobile devices through semantic analysis. Recent advance in context modeling, tracking and mutual localization has led to the materialization of a new class of smart phone applications that can access and share implanted sensor data. Mobile devices which have OS frameworks like Android mechanisms for vibrant privacy control. We tell how data flow among applications can be achieved through using semantic web driven technology. In this paper we deal with user data isolation control.

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Rainfall-Runoff is very complex phenomena and its often required attention for modeling to estimate the runoff. Several methods are available for the rainfall-runoff modeling. The present study undertakes the rainfall-runoff modeling for Hadad rain gauge station of Dharoi sub-basin, Gujarat, India. In this study, the rainfall-runoff modeling has done using Fuzzy logic (FL) technique for the selected station. The dataset collected for the rain gauge stations was divided into different combination of training and testing ratio and the models were developed for Hadad rain gauge station with the selected combinations. Also, in Fuzzy logic, different combinations of rainfall were considered as the inputs to the model, and runoff was considered as the output. Input space partitioning for model structure identification was done by grid partitioning. A hybrid learning algorithm consisting of back-propagation and least-squares estimation was used to train the model for runoff estimation with the triangular membership function. The outputs generated were than compared to the observed outputs with different combinations of training and testing dataset by means of the model evaluation parameters coefficient of correlation (r), coefficient of determination (r2) and discrepancy ratio (D.R) values..

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In the present study Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been used to develop a policy for optimizing the release of water for the purpose of irrigation. The study area is Ukai Reservoir project in Gujarat, India. Genetic algorithm technique is an optimization approach based on the mechanics of natural selection, derived from the Darwin’s theory of natural evolution. The fitness function used is to minimize the squared difference between the monthly reservoir release and irrigation demand along with squared deviation in mass balance equation. The months considered in the study are July, August, September and October for the year 2010 and 2011 respectively. The results obtained using GA shows that the downstream demands for the purpose of irrigation are completely satisfied and also considerable amount of water is saved.

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Cloud security is one of most important issues that has attracted a lot of research and development effort in past few years. Particularly, attackers can explore vulnerabilities of a cloud system and compromise virtual machines to deploy further large-scale Distributed Denial-of-Service(DDoS). DDoS attacks usually involve early stage actions such as multi-step exploitation, low frequency vulnerability scanning, and compromising identified vulnerable virtual machines as zombies, and finally DDoS attacks through the compromised zombies. Within the cloud system, especially the Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) clouds, the detection of zombie exploration attacks is extremely difficult. This is because cloud users may install vulnerable applications on their virtual machines. To prevent vulnerable virtual machines from being compromised in the cloud, we propose a multi-phase distributed vulnerability detection, measurement, and countermeasure selection mechanism called NICE, which is built on attack graph based analytical models and reconfigurable virtual network-based countermeasures.

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This Paper investigates the use of Acoustic Emission Testing as an effective Non destructive Testing Method to control defects in Friction Stir Welding.Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is most advanced, rapid and reliable type of Welding process which produces quality welded joints of similar and dissimilar materials with the help of frictional heat and pressure. This process is best suited for Aerospace industry and other commercial applications due to its capability of welding low melting point materials with low energy consumption and versatility. The process uses non-consumable cylindrical tool to join sheet and plate materials, without melting them. The defects in welding joints play a major role in determining the product quality, weld strength, cost, etc. A cost effective and accurate Non Destructive Testing method is required to monitor process and avoid defects.Acoustic Emission (AE) testing is a powerful method of examining the behavior of materials deforming under stress.

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In the present days, most of the countries over the world wide have enforced the strict emission norms in order to reduce emission levels from the engine exhaust to curb the problem of pollution. The main problem in connection with the combustion in C.I. engine is the intimate mixing of fuel injected and air. Air motion in CI engine influences the atomization and distribution of fuel injected in the combustion chamber and also supplies fresh air to the interior portion of the fuel drops and thereby ensures complete combustion. The design and orientation of the Intake Manifold has a major influence on the air flow- field generated within the Diesel Engine Cylinder which in turn directly influence the Performance and Emissions characteristics of the engine. In this present work, the orientation of the Intake Manifold was changed by inclining it at several different angles viz. Normal Intake Manifold, Intake Manifold at 25° inclination, 50° inclination and 75° inclination w.r.t. Normal Intake Manifold Position and then the effects of these different orientations of the Intake Manifold on the Performance and Emission parameters of the Single Cylinder 4-Stroke naturally aspirated Diesel Engine were analyzed and then comparisons of the computed results were made with those of the Normal Intake Manifold. From the experimental research work, it is found that the BSFC reduces, brake thermal efficiency increases and there is an improvement in the exhaust gas emissions as orientation of the Intake Manifold is changed from Normal Manifold Position to 50° inclination w.r.t. Normal Manifold Position.

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Network security is a hardest subject, In past it is only handled by well-trained exports. People should understand the basics of security in network world. Now we are going to see the what are the common attacks take place security against over network , what is the solution for those attacks, introduction to cryptography, algorithms of cryptography and some features on secure network. Any way we are going to present the best ciphers currently in use.

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The corporations and users own and store their large quantities of data in digital form. Data mining tools are developed and used to extract useful information from that database. But problem is arise when the data base having private information called as a sensitive information about users and/or their organizations, there are worries that these data mining tools may inadvertently reveal sensitive information along with the originally intended output. That’s why, we are interested in developing practical approach for privacy preserving data mining. And this research paper provides an efficient model for privacy preserving data mining.

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Cloud Computing is defined as a type of parallel and distributed system consisting of a collection of interconnected and virtualized computers. It is based on service-level agreements that are established between the service providers and consumers. Cloud Computing opens up many new possibilities for application developers. This paper provides an approach on how to use Cloud computing in healthcare, focusing on the implementation needs and benefits. Cloud Computing moves databases to be data centre where the management of the data and services may not be fully trustworthy and it poses many security challenges which have not been well understood. To ensure the correctness of users’ data in the cloud, this paper also describes about the security criteria and strains.

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A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) consists of mobile wireless nodes. In MANET nodes are self-motivated topologies can randomly change their geographic locations. Wireless networks are susceptible to many attacks, including an attack known as the wormhole attack. On occurrence of wormhole can cause a significant breakdown in communication across a wireless network. This paper explores and compares the effect of wormhole attacks on the performance of on demand routing protocols in mobile ad hoc network (MANET). The evaluation has been done by studying and comparing end to end delay, packet delivery ratio and throughput for wormhole attack and without wormhole attack.

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XYZ Service Industry aims to provide an everlasting experience and value for money. In order to achieve such a feat, the organization must present to its employees the best working conditions. Facility layout design is one such factor which plays a pivotal role in achieving it. The objective of this paper is to re-design the existing layout of the administrative floor to reduce the flow cost. According to Lean manufacturing, we must first measure a process before making a change to ensure that the change is an improvement. So how does an Industrial Engineer ensure that the new layout is better than the current layout? Initially, the efficiency indices of the present layout were calculated which indicated the need for improvement. To rectify the drawbacks, CRAFT algorithm is applied to improve the indices and obtain a better layout that would increase the operational efficiency. AutoCAD software is used to draw the layout. Also, we wanted to ascertain the importance of Facility Planning if it is done prior to construction of the Hotel. Hence, CORELAP algorithm was applied and we also calculated the flow cost and efficiency indices of the obtained layout.

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This paper presents a novel method of increasing impedance and axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of a single feed circularly polarized tip-truncated equitriangular microstrip Antenna (ETMSA). Tip-truncated ETMSA has been previously introduced in the literature; in this new method by cutting a small equitriangular slot near the modified vertex, the impedance and AR bandwidths are increased more than two times.

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IP security (IP sec) is a capability that will be added to either current version of which the internet protocol (IPv4 or IPv6), it means of additional headers. IP sec encompasses three functional areas authentication, confidentiality and key management. Authentication makes use of HMAC message authentication code. Authentication mode will be applied the entire original IP packet (tunnel mode) or the entire packet except for IP header (transport mode). Confidentiality provided by an encryption format known as encapsulating security payload. Both tunnel and transport modes will be accommodated. IPsec defines a number of methods for key management.

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The paper presents a smart approach for a real time inspection and selection of objects in continuous flow. Image processing in today’s world grabs massive attentions as it leads to possibilities of broaden application in many fields of high technology. The real challenge is how to improve existing sorting system in the modular processing system which consists of four integrated stations of identification, processing, selection and sorting with a new image processing feature. Existing sorting method uses a set of inductive, capacitive and optical sensors do differentiate object color. This paper presents a mechatronics color sorting system solution with the application of image processing. Image processing procedure senses the objects in an image captured in real-time by a webcam and then identifies color and information out of it. This information is processed by image processing for pick-and-place mechanism.The Project deals with an automated material handling system. It aims in classifying the colored objects by colour, size, which are coming on the conveyor by picking and placing the objects in its respective pre-programmed place. Thereby eliminating the monotonous work done by human, achieving accuracy and speed in the work. The project involve sensors that senses the object’s colour, size and sends the signal to the microcontroller. The microcontroller sends signal to circuit which drives the various motors of the robotic arm to grip the object and place it in the specified location. Based upon the detection, the robotic arm moves to the specified location, releases the object and comes back to the original position.

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Cloud computing and SOA are different concepts, but they are related. SOA is a pattern of architecture whereas cloud computing is an instance of architecture, or an architectural option. SOA is more holistic and strategic, meaning it deals with the complete enterprise including the business drivers, whereas cloud computing is more tactical and is a way of solving a problem. They are linked, and it is difficult to do one without the other if you are looking to solve problems at the enterprise level. Service-oriented architecture, or SOA, is really about fixing existing architectures by addressing most of the major systems as services and abstracting those services into a single domain where they are formed into solutions. Simple in concept—and really nothing new—SOA is our best approach to fixing the broken architectures. With the wide use of standards such as Web Services, SOA is being promoted as the best way to bring architectural agility to your enterprise—that is, if you do SOA correctly. SOA is a valid approach to solve many of the architectural problems that enterprises face today. However, those who implement SOA typically look at SOA as something you buy, not something you do. Thus, many SOA projects are again about purchasing some technology that is sold as “SOA in-a-box,” which turns out to be in-a-box but not SOA, and thus only adds to the problems. Big SOA encompasses the larger strategic objectives of SOA: simultaneously moving all the enterprise IT assets to something much more agile and easy to change. Small SOA is just an instance of a big SOA.

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Lubricating oils play a vital role in our modern automotive, aviation and power generation industries. These oils are formulated by blending a special purpose base oils with suitable additives to enhance the base oil properties suitable for particular application. The main aim of this research is to study the effect of additives on turbine base oil. The main focus of this study is to evaluate the oils obtained from mixture of base oil and additives for its physic-chemical properties. The values so obtained were compared with commercially available turbine oil in market. The values of the properties of additive blended with base oil depends upon the base oil and the concentration of the additive used.

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The proposed research work implemented and fine-tuned meta-heuristic based search algorithms namely GA algorithm for automatic test case generation using path testing criterion. The three parameters namely size of population, crossover rate and mutation rate have been chosen for setting GA algorithm for test data generation. For input generation, symbolic execution method has been used in which first, target path is selected from Control Flow Graph (CFG) of Software under Test (SUT) and then inputs are generated using search algorithms which can evaluate composite predicate corresponding to the target path true. We have experimented on two real world programs showing the applicability of these techniques in genuine testing environment. The algorithm is implemented using MATLAB programming environment. The performance of the algorithms is measured using average test cases generated per path (ATCPP) and average percentage coverage (APC) metrics. Experimentations found that crossover rate and mutation rates should be 80% and 5% respectively and population size can vary from 20 to 40 for best results.

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