Wireless sensor networks has come out as an important computing platform.A wireless sensor network is an aggregation of nodes organized into a cooperative network.Each node consists of processing capacity. Energy conservation and maximization of network lifetime are commonly recognized as a key challenge in the design and implementation of wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we propose an Enhanced Energy Efficient Chain-based Routing Protocol (EEECRP) for wireless sensor networks to minimize energy consumption and transmission delay.EEECRP organizes sensor nodes into a set of horizontal chains and a vertical chains. Chain heads are elected based on the residual energy of nodes and distance from the header of upper level. In each horizontal chain, sensor nodes transmit their data to their own chain head. EEECRP also adopts a chain-based data transmission mechanism for sending data packets from the chain heads to the base station. The simulation results shows that EECRP outperforms PEGASIS , ECCP and EECRP in terms of network lifetime, energy consumption.

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Palmprint is widely used biometric feature in biometric and forensic applications, however it is still a challenging task to process the images and extract the useful data, because the evidence, left at the crime scenes, are usually deformed and distorted by artifacts. Palmprint contains different types of visible features that can be used for identification of criminals, including big details, like crease, ridge flow, and small details, like ridges, valleys and minutiae points. In this paper we focus on ridge extraction task. We demonstrate how integration of angular preference to an existing algorithm (Non-Halo Complex Matched Filtering, NH-CMF) may significantly improve quality of extracted features. We introduce the approach where NH-CMF and automated analysis of magnitude weighted angle histogram are used for ridge pattern extraction and noise reduction. Extracted information may support or even automate ridge routing that is necessary for palmprint feature extraction in forensics.

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Heat transfer enhancement techniques refer to different methods used to increase rate of heat transfer with-out affecting much the overall performance of the system. Heat transfer enhancement is the process of modifying a heat transfer surface to increase the heat transfer coefficient between the surface and a fluid. A majority of heat exchangers used in thermal power plants, chemical processing plants, air conditioning equipment, and processing plants, air conditioning equipment, and refrigerators, petrochemical, biomedical and food processing plants serve to heat and cool different types of fluids. This review paper based on different type of twisted tape and their different orientation or arrangements. In the present paper stress is given on to work dealing with displaced insert into circular tubes (twist tap insert, screw tap insert, helical tap insert, wire mesh tape insert) and CFD based analysis in laminar and turbulent flow. According to recent studies these are known to be economic heat transfer enhancement tools.

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Most systems that control access to financial transactions, computer networks, or secured locations identify authorized persons by recognizing passwords or personal identification numbers. The weakness of these systems is that unauthorized persons can discover others’ passwords and numbers quite easily and use them without detection. Biometric identification systems, which use physical features to check a person’s identity, ensure much greater security than password and number systems. Biometric features such as the face or a fingerprint can be stored on a microchip in a credit card, for example, If someone steals the card and tries to use it, the impostor’s biometric features will not match the features stored in the card, and the system will prevent the transaction. Biometrics are automated methods of recognizing a person based on a physiological or behavioral characteristic. Biometric technologies are becoming the foundation of an extensive array of highly secure identification and personal verification solutions. A single feature, however, sometimes fails to be exact enough for identification. Consider identical twins, for example. Their faces alone may not distinguish them. Another disadvantage of using only one feature is that the chosen feature is not always readable. For example, some five percent of people have fingerprints that cannot be recorded because they are obscured by a cut or a scar or are too fine to show up well in a photograph. This paper presents a system called BioID which is developed to identify a person using different features-Face, voice, lip movement,iris recognition, finger and palm geometry .With its three modalities, BioID achieves much greater accuracy than single feature systems.

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Wireless sensor network is a class of wireless ad- hoc networks in which sensor nodes collect process and communicate data acquired from the physical environment. There is some of the basic component in a sensor network: sensing unit which sense and get information, processing unit which process information, transmission unit which transmit information between sensors and to BS, power unit which supply power to all units, position finding system and mobilizer. An underwater sensor network is one of the emerging technologies that require the data transmission at high rate with higher reliability ratio. . These kind of network needs the equal concern for the architectural definitions as well as the algorithmic enhancements. While defining these kind of network, the concern is required while selecting the sensors based on the type of surface, the type of link, control center, control parameters etc. These networks needs the regular monitoring of network because of continuous change is possible as the sensors are having floating movement and relatively need to analyze the energy definitions, requirement, consumption etc. It also needs to analyze based on type of communication, type of channel etc.

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A Four leaf spring used in suspension of a light vehicle is analyzed by Ansys 12 software. Design and modeling of leaf spring using CREO software. The Finite Element Results Showing stresses and Deflection Verified the Existing Analytical. Dynamic load Analysis analysis of leaf spring using Ansys 12 software.

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The shell side design of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger; in particular the baffle spacing, baffle cut and shell diameter dependencies of the heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drop are investigated by numerically modeling a small heat exchanger. The flow and temperature fields inside the shell are resolved using a commercial CFD package. A set of CFD simulations is performed for a single shell and single tube pass heat exchanger with a variable number of baffles and turbulent flow. The results are observed to be sensitive to the turbulence model selection. The best turbulence model among the ones considered is determined by comparing the CFD results of heat transfer coefficient, outlet temperature and pressure drop with the Bell–Delaware method results. For two baffle cut values, the effect of the baffle spacing to shell diameter ratio on the heat exchanger performance is investigated by varying flow rate.

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Phishing is an attack that deals with social engineering methodology to illegally acquire and use someone else’s data on behalf of legitimate website for own benefit (e.g. Steal of user’s password and credit card details during online communication). It is affecting all the major sectors of industry day by day with a lot of misuse of user credentials. It is affecting all the major sectors of industry and banking day by day with a lot of misuse of user credentials. To protect bank's users against online phishing, various anti-phishing techniques have been proposed that follows different strategies like client side and server side protection. Hence it is necessary to detect the attacker and secure individuals private data. Till now many approaches are found to detect phishing websites. Among them are Bacterial Foraging algorithm, Visual similarity based approach, etc. Every approach has some weakness or limitations such as less efficient or time consuming or no up-to-date blacklist or phishtank. To detect the phishing websites different techniques are proposed such as classifier technique, heuristics based technique, hybrid technique etc. In this paper, we propose a technique based on Heuristic based technique. In first Phase, website is identified based on different parameters like URL, IP Address, Forms, age of domain. In second Phase, the visual similarity of the phishing banking page is compared with the original banking website. The proposed approach also gives the suggestions to the users for their particular domain search that makes user more comfortable to use the system

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The significant research has seen with nano fluid flow and heat transfer. A theoretical investigation has attempted in this paper to study the chemical reaction effects. We have studied convective heat transfer of MHD nano fluid flow past inclined, oscillating permeable flat plate with radiation, heat source and suction. It is found that velocity and Diffusion increases for both kind of chemical reactions.

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To Understand Mouse motions are often exhibit as a pattern recognition weakness. So as to convey pictorial messages to a receiver, a mouse expresses motion patterns referred to as gestures; these patterns area unit variable however dissimilar associated have an associated significance. The Pattern recognition by any processor or machine are often executed via varied ways like Hidden Markov Models (HMM), Linear Programming (LP) and Neural Networks (NNs). Every technique has its own advantages and disadvantages. This paper reviews why using ANNs particularly is best suited to analyzing mouse gesture patterns. All implementation work is carried out in MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory) could be a problem-oriented language and interactive surroundings for numerical computation, image, and programming. MATLAB is de facto normal for analyzing information, developing algorithms, and making models and applications. The research proposed work uses Techniques like Vector Quantization, Genetic Algorithms and Neural Networks; therefore such work is implemented using Neural Networks toolbox (NNTool).In certain scenarios, we have successfully demonstrated that Neural Networks can be used for the Gesture recognition in with more than 99.7% success rate.

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In multimedia communication video plays an importance, because it gives the very perfect flow of frames or image for our visual effect with good realistic view experience. So in this paper gives a new low complexity true motion estimation technique is introduced for video processing application, like motion-compensated temporal frame rate up conversion (MCTFRUC) or motion compensated temporal frame interpolation (MCTFI).In basically main role of motion estimation is to produce the motion vectors for reduce the temporal redundancy. Where as in this paper explains true motion estimation which is mainly used to track the motioned object as closely as possible by imposing the explicit and/or implicit smoothness constraints on block matching algorithm. To get the good interpolated frames the dense motion vector field is obtained for both forward and backward motion vectors is applied by adding both. Then the performance parameter is calculated and is produced, at last the good quality of video frame is produced with smoothly.

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Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials in the world. However, the production of Portland cement, an essential constituent of concrete, leads to the release of significant amounts of CO2, a greenhouse gas GHG; production of one ton of Portland cement produces about one ton of CO2 and other GHGs. The environmental issues associated with GHGs, in addition to natural resources issues, will play a leading role in the sustainable development of the cement and concrete industry during this century.A sustainable concrete structure is constructed to ensure that the total environmental impact during its life cycle, including its use, will be minimal. Sustainable concrete should have a very low inherent energy requirement, be produced with little waste, be made from some of the most plentiful resources on earth, produce durable structures, have a very high thermal mass, and be made with recycled materials. Sustainable concrete have a small impact on the environment. Concrete must keep evolving to satisfy the increasing demands of all its users. This paper is based on experimental study carried out to obtain Sustainable Concrete by using Manufactured sand as replacement of River Sand and Mineral Admixtures (Metakeolin and Fly ash) as replacement of Cement in Concrete

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The social interactions within the users who use such live streaming service needs to be spontaneous. The cloud computing technology has triggered enormous opportunities to facilitate the mobile live streaming of the multimedia contents with an extended support to interact with the users. The quality of service (QOS), storage and sharing are some of the issues that have to be addressed in order to provide a mobile social television in a cloud environment. The cloud technology effectively handles some of these issues by assigning proxies for the mobile users. These proxies (surrogates) for the users, operates on the base of trans-coding mechanism. Also the PAAS and IAAS cloud services are keys in providing such an effective interaction based live streaming.

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Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) consists of a group of wireless mobile nodes which exchange data dynamically among themselves without based on a fixed base station or a wired backbone network. The ad-hoc network provide lack of secure boundaries. The ad-hoc network may also provide some intrusion.Ad hoc is used to describe solutions that are developed on-the-fly for a specific purpose. Computing nodes (usually wireless) in an ad hoc network act as routers to deliver messages between nodes that are within their wireless communication range. Intrusion is one of the common problems in all networks in case of ad hoc network we face the same problem. When we have a dense sensor network with number of nodes and there is some important data is transferred over the network, there is the requirement of security. But in case of “Man in Middle” it is never easy to say a network is intruder safe. Even when the Intruder knows about the routing algorithms or the algorithm implementation it is quite difficult to handle the problem. We are providing the approach to transfer data from some path other than that common path.

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As technology grows error correction schemes also improved in communication system, but still facing some problems in the error detection and correction process. In this paper will discuss the LDPC Encoder scheme in MATLab simulation tool. Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) code is the linear error correcting code used in the spurious environment to correct the error occurring in the message data. We consider the multimedia file as input but we need information in digital form, So we are converting this multimedia file to digital form by using the analog to digital conversion algorithm. Here we use the LLR / Min sum algorithm to produce the LDPC encoding/decoding. This can be achieved by using the Matlab software. Here we can also plot graph of LDPC algorithm with respect to BER and Signal to noise ratio. This shows that implemented LDPC coder have less sensitivity to noise

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A biometric is defined as a unique, measurable, biological characteristic or trait for automatically recognizing or verifying the identity of a human being. Digital watermarks can be used to verify the authenticity or integrity of the original signal or to show the identity of its owners. The conventional digital watermarking schemes uses an arbitrary digital pattern as a watermark which has limitations in providing ownership of watermarking. The proposed technique of watermarking include combined watermark embedding and extraction using SVD (Singular Value Decomposition), DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) and DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform). The proposed technique is based on the face detection and iris detection for authenticity and ownership of original data. This proposed technique will give us the better results of security and better quality of data without any loss during transmission of data.

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To research is done on OFDM using different modulation. In this review paper we study the different level of QAM in OFDM system. In the paper (QAM4), QAM16, QAM64, QAM256 level of QAM I studied. The constellation diagram of different QAM is shown in this paper. From this constellation diagram we can estimate that lower level of QAM having low BER and higher level of QAM having higher level of BER.

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In present period, there is momentous progress in earth of internet. Much Sensitive data can be shared through internet but this information sharing is susceptible to precise attacks. Cryptography was gave to solve these kinds of protection issues. It is an art for accomplished protection by encoding the plain text memo to cipher text. Substitution cipher and transposition cipher are the acquainted methods utilized for encoding. After Caesar cipher substitution and Redefence cipher transposition techniques are utilized individually, it is easy to crack the information. This paper suggests a hybrid method by combining substitution and transposition techniques. Combining Caesar cipher alongside Redefence cipher method can remove their fundamental flaw and produce a cipher text that is hard to crack.

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In this paper compact microstrip antenna for bandwidth enhancement has been proposed.In this microstrip antenna rectangular shaped slots have been cut on the patch for bandwidth enhancement .Rogers RO 4003 has been used as a substrate.The proposed antenna resonates at 3.1Ghz,4Ghz,4.9Ghz and 6.3Ghz VSWR≤2 in 4.8-5.10Ghz frequency band. Efficiency of this antenna is 97.97%.This antenna works for multiband and wideband applications. In this paper return loss, radiation pattern, VSWR, gain have been studied. Ansoft HFSS tool has been used for designing and simulation. It works for Wimax, satellite, Wireless applications (WLAN) and radar applications, medical applications.

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Nowadays climate change especially global warming has raised humans’ concern regarding environmental problem and a part of global warming results from inappropriate waste management. Waste is an important contributor to co2 emission in world. There is a real need to alternate waste treatment to deal with above requirement.This research paper sets out a methodology for discovering best waste treatment that reduces the generation of green house gas. This research paper also directs to estimate waste arising in Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation.for 20 years from the year 2011-2031 and to calculate co2 emission for a number of different waste management systems in the future.

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Chalcogenide cadmium sulfide (CdS), with various concentrations of Cu2+ (0.1, 0.2, 1 and 2M) - doped CdS thin films have been successfully synthesized by a chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. The synthesized thin films were characterized by UV–Visible absorption (UV–Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The absorption peaks of the synthesized films were noticeably blue / red-shifted from the bulk material depends on the different Cu2+ molar concentration. The bandgap value of the films decreases within the Cu2+ concentration. The XRD analysis confirmed the formation of polycrystalline in nature for all samples. The average size of the particles ranged from 9.55 nm to 129nm. The decrease of luminescence intensity at the higher Cu2+ concentrations and Particles with increased Cu2+ concentrations had a red shift in their PL emission spectra.

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This paper presents a layout on how to create a participative model for sharing and accessing knowledge and learning resources within your educational institution.We start with an overview of current approach of how knowledge and learning is managed within institutes today. This point out drawbacks arising when implementing sophisticated learning models. A Knowledge Management System based on the MS SharePoint Server 2010 platform is proposed, which provides several means in order to overcome such drawbacks.Our system assists to share information, communication, collaboration etc. The solution utilizes portal technology and digital assets management system. We also implement an auto-summarization for the documents, uploads on this portal. Text summarization is a process of reducing the size of a text while preserving its information content. In this paper, we use automatic text summarization technology that plays very important role in information retrieval and text classification, and will provide a solution to the problem of information overload. We propose a sentences clustering based summarization approach. It is useful when the document having number of pages. This provides consistent, common platform for students / teachers to work, communicate, and share knowledge. Therefore it is well suited for specific educational processes in the departments. Along with this we also analyze specific key technical aspects of this platform.

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Different materials with pozzolanic properties such as fly ash. Condensed silica fume, blast furnace slag and rice husk ash have played an important part in the production of high performance concrete. During the late 20th century, three has been an increase in the consumption of mineral admixture by the cement and concrete industries[4]. The increasing demand for cement and concrete is met by the partial replacement for energy intensive Portland cement. Pozzolanic materials have long demonstration their effectiveness in producing high performance concrete. Artificial pozzolanas such as supplementary cementing material in many part of the world[2]. This work evaluates the compressive strength of rice husk ash (RHA, Wheat Straw Ash (WSA), Fly Ash, (FA), Glass powder (GP)as a partial replacement for OPC in concrete[1]. The main aim of this work is to determine the optimum %( 10, 20, 30) of Rice husk ash (RHA), Wheat Straw Ash (WSA), Fly Ash, (FA), Glass powder (GP) as partial replacement of cement for M40 grade of concrete[3]. In addition, results show that Rice husk ash(RHA), Wheat Straw Ash (WSA), Fly Ash, (FA), Glass powder (GP) as an artificial pozzolanic material has enhanced the durability of concrete..

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In this paper circular shaped stack patch antenna has been proposed. In this slots have been cut on the patch for size miniaturization.FR-4 epoxy has been used as a substrate. The proposed antenna resonates at 6.28 GHz, 7.3 GHz, 8.54 GHz and10.18Ghz VSWR≤2 in 5.9-10.7 GHz frequency band. This wideband antenna works for multiband applications. In this paper return loss, bandwidth, radiation patterns, VSWR, gain have been studied. Ansoft HFSS tool has been used for designing and simulation. Efficiency of proposed antenna is 86%.It works for Wimax, satellite (6.2-7.2 GHz), Wireless applications (WLAN) and radar applications, medical applications

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In this paper Micro strip antenna is proposed. FR-4 epoxy is used as a substrate .The proposed antenna resonates at 6.7, 7.85 GHz, VSWR<2 in 5.65-8.4Ghz frequency band.This antenna works for wideband applications. In this paper return loss, radiation pattern, VSWR, gain have been studied. Ansoft HFSS tool is used for designing and simulation. It works for satellite (6.1-7.1GHz ) application.

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