As of today, the main focus of many petroleum refining industries is on energy saving or energy conservation and to minimize the losses. In this paper, study on different types of energy saving techniques is done which are carried out in the petroleum industries.

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Wireless sensor networks are usedin various applications such as automation, security, agriculture etc. In this paper we propose the optimization of energy in the wireless sensor network (WSN) that is used for wide range and that will be done by using the cluster based routing technique. This technique provides help in energy optimization. We introduce the set of clusters, head set for this routing technique. The head set member have the control and management over the network. The head set members are worked as the mediator in the transmission of information. The number of head set members can be symmetrically adjusted to reduce the energy consumption in the wireless sensor network and increase the network life time.

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CMOS devices are scaling down to nano ranges resulting in increased process variations and short channel effects which not only affect the reliability of the device but also performance expectations. The SRAM design uses the smallest transistors possible and is also susceptible to reliability issues and process variations, making it an ideal benchmark circuit to compare technologies . Low power static-random access memories (SRAM) have become a critical component in modern VLSI systems. They occupy a large portion of area and accounts for a major component of power consumption in today’s VLSI circuits. In this paper, new SRAM design for FinFET technology are proposed. The FinFET has very good candidate for future VLSI due to its simple architecture and better performance when compare to SOI MOSFET . FinFET based SRAM has been proposed as an alternative solution to the bulk device. FinFET has better scalability and better short channel effect. In this paper a study of designing and writting operation of 8T finfet SRAM using Visual TCAD tool . The high-k dielectric material is replace to dielectric.the analysis of 8T FinFET SRAM at 12nm gate length and at low supply voltage at 0.8 v.

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Cathode Ray Oscilloscope is most versatile and widely used instrument in the sciences, medicine, engineering, and telecommunications industry. The Cathode Ray oscilloscope is used for variety of purpose such as detecting wave form, frequency, and time period. A signal generator is a device which produces simple repetitive waveforms and such devices contain an electronic oscillator, a circuit that is capable of creating a repetitive waveform. The most common waveforms are sine wave, saw tooth, step pulse, square, and triangular waveform. The goal of this project is to design a signal generator and a digital oscilloscope with 20 kHz bandwidth. The signal generator and digital oscilloscope that is used in laboratory cost ten to twelve thousands. The motivation of this project is to produce an affordable, easy to make a signal generator and an oscilloscope for students or other engineers who cannot afford to buy a manufacturer’s oscilloscope. The project consists of two parts: Signal generator and Digital Oscilloscope. A single ARM7 controller is used in the project which acts like master brain of the system. At a time a single functionality works and is based on mode selected by the user.

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Cellular communication industry has grown leaps and bounds to become the essence of day to day science. Cell phone is the heart of cellular industry. The number of cell phone users is growing exponentially. But the privacy of user and security of cell phone remains a challenging question. Stealing cell phone has become the eye catching business for culprits. There should be a reliable method of protecting the instrument from burglars. My paper proposes a new innovative, reliable, fool proof security measure for cell phones using VOICE RECOGNITION (a Biometric Approach).Voice recognition is the identification of an individual identity using speech as the identifying characteristic. The voice of the user is processed (Speech Processing) using a digital signal processor which is the prime part of a cell phone. We are programming this DSP to implement this protection technique.Firstly an original voice database of the user is created. This database is stored in the Flash ROM which is available inside the cell phone. Then whenever the user speaks through the cell phone part of the speech sample is taken and stored. This processed voice of the user is compared with the original database to check the identity of the user. If the user is authorized, he is allowed to continue his talk. If not the transmission is cut abruptly by making the DSP in idle state. Thus the cell phone is being protected from any unauthorized user. Even if the cell phone was stolen or missed it won’t be useful for any other person. The programmability of DSP and universality of Voice based identification has given our method a dual advantage. Our proposal demands neither external hardware nor extra cost. The above method poses no hardship for the user unlike the present security systems. This method can be adopted universally in all models of Cell phones for protection.

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Openness is a key criterion of protection algorithms and protocols which enable them to be subjected to scrutiny by independent security experts. The alternative “methodology” of hidden proprietary algorithms and protocols has frequently concluded in useful breaks, e.g. of the MIFARE Oyster cards for area transport or the Keelson remote control systems. Open evaluation is public for finished requests of security ,e.g. the NIST competitions for selection of the Elevated Encryption Standard (AES) and the Safeguard Hash Algorithm 3 (SHA-3). Now a days an rising number of embedded protection requests apply the principle of open evaluation as well. A present example is the specification of an open protection protocol stack for car immobilizer requests by Atmel, that has been gave at ESCAR 2010. This stack is primarily intended to be utilized in conjunction alongside automotive transponder chips of this producer, but might in principle be used on each suitable type of transponder chip. In this paper we examine the protection of this protocol stack. We were able to uncover a number of possible security vulnerabilities, for that we counsel fixes.

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The detection of plant leaf disease is a very important factor to prevent serious outbreak. Plant diseases have turned into a difficult situation as it can cause significant reduction in both quality and quantity of agricultural products. Automatic detection of plant diseases is an essential research topic as it may fetch benefits in monitoring large fields of crops, and thus automatically detect the symptoms of diseases as soon as they appear on plant leaves. The developed processing scheme consists of four main steps: first a color transformation structure for the input RGB image is created and this RGB is converted to YCbCr because RGB is for color generation and YCbCr for color descriptor. Then green pixels are masked and removed using specific threshold value, then the image is segmented and the useful segments are extracted, finally the extracted features are passed through the SVM classifier, then the presence of diseases on the plant leaf is evaluated.

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Fisheries resources are important resources in Bangladesh not only in supply of protein but also the great contribution in poverty elevation, livelihood of the rural inhabitants. Small indigenous fishes played vital role in the rural economy of the country. But these resources are declining at present due to impact of human population on land, water and air. The aquatic bodies receives large amount of industrial effluents, domestic wastes, pesticides and fertilizers altered the physiochemical properties of water .Beside these, water abstraction, siltation, flow modification and habitat degradation affect the growth, abundance and reproduction of small indigenous fishes. Attempts were made to construct the diversity of Small indigenous fishes which will helpful for baseline information in future researches.

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In this ever changing environment the field of manufacturing which plays a vital role in each and every countries economy has to adapt to new techniques and ways of approach to sustain in globalized market. The manufacturing is field which involves high range of information sharing within its floor as well as between the departments such as Human resource, Maintenance, Sales, Logistics which not only supports but also boons its performance in company's overall standing among its competitors. To be market performer the company should look at its Information sharing capacity within its departments which help each other to do its activity productively and effectively. The paper is about Information Tracking and Scheduling System for Manufacturing Environment to make a comprehensive study of the opportunities and risks in stochastic manufacturing environment to provide a centralized solution to track and schedule the manufacturing operations for productivity improvements. To manage the available resources diligently and plan suitably for the capacity expansion and operations management to learn how Information Technology can be applied in a cost-effective and efficient way in Industries.

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