A cluster is a group of objects which are similar to each other within a cluster and are dissimilar to the objects of other clusters. The similarity is typically calculated on the basis of distance between two objects or clusters. Two or more objects present inside a cluster and only if those objects are close to each other based on the distance between them.The major objective of clustering is to discover collection of comparable objects based on similarity metric. Fuzzy Possibilistic C-Means (FPCM) is the effective clustering algorithm available to cluster unlabeled data that produces both membership and typicality values during clustering process. In this approach, the efficiency of the Fuzzy Possibilistic C-means clustering approach is enhanced by using the penalized and compensated constraints based FPCM (PCFPCM). The proposed PCFPCM approach differ from the conventional clustering techniques by imposing the possibilistic reasoning strategy on fuzzy clustering with penalized and compensated constraints for updating the grades of membership and typicality. The performance of the proposed approaches is evaluated on the University of California, Irvine (UCI) machine repository datasets such as Iris, Wine, Lung Cancer and Lymphograma. The parameters used for the evaluation is Clustering accuracy, Mean Squared Error (MSE), Execution Time and Convergence behavior.

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Path coefficient and character association were studied in pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp.]. Twenty strains for 10 quantities characters were evaluated for path coefficients (partitioned into direct and indirect effects) were estimated on yield and its contributing traits. Number of seeds per plant, plant height, 100 seed weight and days to maturity was observed. Seed yield had positive and significant phenotypic and genotypic association with plant height, biomass yield per plant, pods per plant, seeds per plant, days to maturity, days to flowering, seeds per pod, reproductive phase and seed yield per plant. Path analysis indicated the importance of number of seeds per plant, plant height, 1000 seed weight, days to flowering and number of pods per plant on seed yield suggesting to use these characters for genetic improvement in pigeon pea.

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Case–Based Reasoning is a problem solving paradigm that in many respects is fundamentally different from other major AI approaches. Instead of relying solely on general knowledge of a problem domain, or making associations along generalized relationships between problem descriptors and conclusions, CBR is able to utilize the specific knowledge of previously experienced, concrete problem situations (cases). A new problem is solved by finding a similar past case, and reusing it in the new problem situation. A second important difference is that CBR also is an approach to incremental, sustained learning, since a new experience is retained each time a problem has been solved, making it immediately available for future problems. The CBR field has grown rapidly over the last few years, as seen by its increased share of papers at major conferences, available commercial tools, and successful applications in daily use. A CBR tool should support the four main processes of CBR: retrieval, reuse, revision and retention.

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In India with a seismic moderate zone, the equivalent static force method to estimate the seismic force, subsequent vulnerability and behavior of RC building under seismic load is inadequate. The main goal of this paper is to show how the modal analysis can contribute to the understanding the behavior of building using Response Spectrum Method. In this study, Dynamic Analysis of four storied Reinforced Concrete building was investigated using Staad pro and Etabs software packages. For this, Response Spectrum Method was used to evaluate the base shear, frequency, modal mass participation and the mode shapes of the building have been plotted for 15 frequencies. Seismic Zone 3 has been considered and base shear was calculated as per the procedure recommended by IS 1893-2002. The results shows that only slight variation in frequencies and modal participation factors was observed as each software has its own way of considering the mass.

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New generation communication networks are moving towards autonomous wireless infrastructures which are very popular in the application of multimedia broadcasting and mobile communication where N numbers of data are transfer through the wireless network every day. In such applications security of transmitted signal is very important in wireless communication network. So the proposed work creates a methodology to increase the security of the data and communication using chaotic encryption algorithm to transfer the data from the wireless network. A proposed new structure is based on coupling of chaotic system. We combine the text message with the chaotic signals to reduce the attack and improve the security of the data. The performance of BER in AWGN channel are verified and analyzed with MATLAB toolbox.

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In the recent era where technology plays a prominent role, persons can be identified (for security reasons) based on their behavioral and physiological characteristics (for example fingerprint, face, iris, key-stroke, signature, voice, etc.) through a computer system called the biometric system. In these kinds of systems the security is still a question mark because of various intruders and attacks. This problem can be solved by improving the security using some efficient algorithms available. Hence the fake person can be identified if he/she uses any synthetic sample of an authenticated person and a fake person who is trying to forge can be identified and authenticated.

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The rates of photo oxidation of thiamine in presence of peroxydiphosphate (PDP) has been determined by measuring the absorbance of thiamine at 264 nm spectre metrically. The rates and quantum yields of oxidation. Of thiamine by phosphate radical anion have been determined in the presence of different concentrations of caffecic acid. Increase in (caffeic acid) is found to decrease the rate of oxidation of thiamine suggesting that caffecic acid acts as an efficient scavenger of PO4-2 and protects thiamine from it. Phosphate radical anion compacts for thiamine as well as caffeic acid the rate constant for phosphate radical anion with caffeic acid has been calculated to be 1.3059 X 10-8 litres mol-1.s-1. The quantum yields of photo oxidation of thiamine have been calculated from the rates of oxidation of thiamine and the light intensity absorbed by PDP at 264 nm. The wave length at which PDP is activated to phosphate radical anion. From the results of experimentally determined quantum yields (exp+) and the quantum yields calculated (cal) assuming caffeic acid concentration and corrected for PO.-4. Scavenging by caffeic acid are also found to be greater than experiment values. These observations suggest that thiamine radicals are repaired by caffeic acid in addition to scavenging of phosphate radical anions. Bansal and Fessenden have used sulphate radical anion (So4) a strong electro phillic radical to create radical cation in uracil and substituted uracils. In the paper we report the results on the protection of thiamine from phosphate radical anion by caffeic acid the rate constant of PO.-4 reaction with caffeic acid has been evaluated. Further an attempt has also been made to evaluate the extent of repair of thiamine radicals by caffeic acid.

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The main features of solar cycle 23, sun enters a period of intermediate and weak solar activity in terms of sunspot number. Based on the observation from Omniweb data centre for solar- interplanetary data , geomagnetic activity and monthly mean count rate of cosmic ray intensity (CRI) variation data from Oulu / Moscow/ Keil neutron monitors (Rc=0.80 GV , Rc=2.42 GV and Rc=2.29 GV,) during solar activity cycle 23 . The phase of minimum solar activity began in May 2005 and lasted for 4.5 years the unprecedented duration of the relative sunspot numbers falls. It is observed that the strength of the interplanetary magnetic field has been falling off to new low levels, and reduces the GCR entering inner- heliosphere and it is also found that SSN positive correlated with Kp and Ap and sunspot number, 10.7 cm solar radio flux, were inverse correlated with monthly mean count rate of cosmic ray intensity.

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One of the approaches in improving the durability of concrete is to use blended cement materials such as fly ash, silica fume, slag and more recently, metakaolin. By changing the chemistry and microstructure of concrete, pozzolans reduce the capillary porosity of the cementitious system and make them less permeable to exterior chemical sources as well as reducing the internal chemical incompatilities such as alkali-silica reaction. The concrete industry is known to leave an enormous environmental footprint on Planet Earth. First, there are the sheer volumes of material needed to produce the billions of tons of concrete worldwide each year. Then there are the CO2 emissions caused during the production of Portland cement. Together with the energy requirements, water consumption and generation of construction and demolition waste, these factors contribute to the general appearance that concrete is not particularly environmentally friendly or compatible with the demands of sustainable development. Thus, use of these supplementary cementitious materials can reduce the effects of cement causing severe environmental impact. This study presents the results of different mechanical properties of concrete such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural concrete by partially replacing cement with metakaolin and silica fume. The replacement of metakaolin is varied from 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% and silica fume from 6%, 8% and 10%. The property of concrete in fresh state that is the workability is also studied during the present investigation. The optimum doses of silica fume and metakaolin in combination were found to be 6% and 15% (by weight) respectively, when used as part replacement of ordinary Portland cement.

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the present study deals with removal of arsenic from aqueous solution using low cost activated carbon prepared from Delonix regia (Gulmohar seed pods). In adsorption solute present in dilute concentration in liquid or gas phase is removed by contacting with suitable solid adsorbent so that the transfer of component first takes place on the surface of the solid and then into pore of the solid. Batch adsorption studies were conducted by varying the contact time, adsorbent dosage & pH.

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Globally, Depression is widespread neuropsychiatric disorders affecting around 5% of the population and has been described as millennia linked with neurobiology showing association with direct neuro-chemicals and biochemical incredible factors, interact with "gene-gene", "gene-environment" as long as a scaffold potential for better exploration. The aetiology of depression is still unknown but believes to be the interaction between gene and environment including some of the other factors responsible for development of depression. The PCR-RFLP analysis of MTHFR (C677T) gene showed 0.45% in CT (heterozygous) genotype in patients of depression in comparison to controls (0.15%), suggesting increased risk of depression in those individuals. However, the odd ratio was also calculated at 95% confidence interval for MTHFR C677T gene which revealed non- significant difference between cases and control, may be because of small sample size.

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This paper presents the way to provide Ethernet internet connectivity and power to microcontroller based embedded systems. This system uses arduino board to store the main application source code, web pages and TCP/IP stack which is a vital element of the system software. An Ethernet controller chip, ENC28J60 is used to handle the Ethernet communications and it is interfaced with the microcontroller using SPI protocol. The site can be viewed on any system with Internet/LAN connection by configuring the specific IP address. There are several I/O pins available at the microcontrollers which are used to interface with lights, fans, curtains, Motors and relays for monitoring and controlling DC appliances. Nowadays, Internet has spread worldwide and most of the internet connections use Ethernet as media for data transfer. In industries or in home appliances, most of the time we need to monitor and control using microcontrollers. Once we enable Ethernet interface to such systems, we can communicate with them remotely over the internet. At the same time power which require to run the device is provided by using power over Ethernet technology which minimize the cable requirement and wastages of copper conductors. The concept of the "Internet of Things" has tied in closely with the popularization of home automation. Ethernet provides inexpensive, relatively high speed network access to individual users and low delay that can support many applications. This implementation is an attempt to connect an embedded device to an Ethernet Using Ethernet based system we can control various home appliances from anywhere across the world.

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Phytochemical and biological screening is necessary for the isolation of functional groups which lead to the discovery of new active compounds. In the present work, the crude aqueous extract of Daucus carota were tested for phytochemical screening and HPLC analysis which indicated the presence of various class of bioactive secondary metabolite such as terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and glycosides. HPLC analysis was performed to quantify the β-carotene content in pulp and aerial extract of Daucus carota.

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Highly -increasing requirement for mobile and several electronic devices want the use of VLSI circuits which are highly power efficient. The most primitive arithmetic operation in processors is addition and the adder is the most highly used arithmetic component of the processor. Carry Select Adder (CSA) is one of the fastest adders and the structure of the CSA shows that there is a possibility for increasing its efficiency by reducing the power dissipation and area in the CSA. This research paper presents power and delay analysis of various adders and proposed a 32-bit CSA that is implemented using variable size of the combination of adders, thus the proposed Carry select Adder (CSA) which has minimum Delay, and less power consumption hence improving the efficiency and speed of the Carry Select Adder.

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MESSAGING GATEWAY large business edition is an easy to use email virus protection that delivers effective and accurate antispam protection with no user peer user fees and available as a VMware-based virtual appliance Messaging gateway large business edition can be implemented on your existing hardware making it one of the most affordable gateway appliance solutions available.

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Auto face annotation is an important role for many real-world multimedia applications. Recently search based face annotation paradigm is one of the research challenge in computer vision and image analysis. In this paper, we present the problem is to annotate the most weakly labeled facial images are duplicate names, noisy and incomplete. To handle this problem we used an effective semi-automatic annotation methodology with unsupervised label refinement (ULR) approach for refining the labels in facial images by using some machine learning techniques and fuzzy clustering-based approximation algorithm is used to improve the scalability considerably. Finally to develop an optimization algorithm for solving a large scale learning task. The result of this proposed ULR algorithm can improve the performance than other ULR algorithms in weak label matrix.

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The objective of this study to examine potential for the degradation Profenofos pesticide by the bacteria and finding the optimum conditions of bacteria. The growth of the pesticide degrading bacteria was assessed in Mineral salt broth containing 25mg of pesticide at different level temperature levels (25°C,30°C, 35°C & 40°C) and pH levels ( pH 5, pH 6, pH 7 & pH 8) .The maximum growth rate of bacteria was recorded at 35°C and pH 6. Among the tow bacteria the bacteria Bacillus cereus utilized the pesticides effectively and showed maximum growth. Profenofos pesticide was biological degradable.

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Semantic web refer to the web of data which construct meaningful data from unstructured and semi-structure data architecture. It allows data to be share and reuse across different platforms, frameworks and countries. So the clustering of the semantic web of data will provide effective solution for web of data access. And in today’s web, there are different web services which is develop across different frameworks and protocols. So this paper combines all the web services which are develop across different framework and protocols in one service. This represents the mashup of web services, it has used the content which is from more than one source and creates into single new service displayed in single GUI. So doing the clustering of semantic web of data will enhance the effectiveness of mashup of web services.

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One fundamental problem of WMNs with a limited number of radio interfaces and orthogonal channels is that the performance degrades significantly as the network size grows. This results from increased interference between nodes and diminished spatial reuse over the network. A WMN node needs to share a common channel with each of its neighbours in the communication range, requiring it to set up a virtual link. Moreover, to reduce network interference, a node should minimize the number of neighbours that it shares a common channel with. The objective of a channel assignment strategy is to ensure efficient utilization of the available channels (e.g., by minimizing interference) while maximizing connectivity in the network. However, since these two requirements are conflicting with each other, the goal is to achieve a balance between these two. The major constraints which need to be satisfied by a channel assignment scheme include fixed number of channels in the network, limited number of radios in mesh nodes, common channel between two communicating nodes, and limited channel capacity. Also, a channel assignment scheme should take the amount of traffic load supported by each mesh node into consideration.

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Dynamic Classification is an information mining (machine learning) strategy used to anticipate bunch participation for information cases. In this paper, we show the essential arrangement systems. A few significant sorts of arrangement technique including induction, Bayesian networks, k-nearest neighbor classifier, case-based reasoning, genetic algorithm and fuzzy logic techniques. The objective of this review is to give a complete audit of distinctive characterization procedures in information mining.

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The Follow-me bot is primarily humanoid with multiple degrees of freedom(one you might have seen in Real steel movie by Hugh Jackman). From the get go site, it has all the earmarks of being much the same as any other humanoid robot however the true contrast comes in when we go inside its working system. Follow-me bot lives up to expectations and follow the rules guideline for remote human type robot interface. It will take client's body movement as info and move much the same as him/her. It's more like offering sight to the robot and it'll mimicries client's movement. Dissimilar to another humanoid robot, the controller in this present bot's structural planning is the client himself. Controllers can steer correspond with the machine simply depending on body developments, and along these lines control the activities of remote robot progressively, coordination, and harmonization. The outline is a synthesis of new human movement catch strategies, sagacious executor controltechnique, system transmission, different sensor combination innovation. The name 'Follow-me bot' is utilized on the grounds that much the same as our follow-me, it'll move definitely in the same manner as we seem to be. This paper quickly portrays all the portions of the humanoid robot utilizing Kinect engineering.

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Business sagacity is turning into a significant pattern in money related world. One such range is securities exchange knowledge that makes utilization of information mining strategies, for example, affiliation, grouping, fake neural systems, choice tree, hereditary calculation, master frameworks and fuzzy rationale. These strategies could be utilized to anticipate stock value or exchanging indicator naturally with adequate exactness. In spite of the fact that there has been a loads of exploration done here , still there are numerous issues that have not been investigated yet furthermore it is not clear to new analysts where and how to begin . Information mining could be connected on over a significant time span monetary information to create examples and choice making framework. This paper gives concise review of a few endeavors made via scientists for stock expectation by concentrating on securities exchange dissection furthermore characterizes another exploration space to comprehend the sagacity of stock exchange. This alludes as stock exchange brainpower, which is to create information mining strategies to help all parts of algorithmic exchanging furthermore recommend various exploration issues in stock knowledge identified with guaging& its exactness.

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Microstrip patch antennas are low profile , conformable, easy, inexpensive, and versatile in terms of realization and are thus been widely used in a various useful applications. This paper discusses different microstrip patch antennas designed over an operating frequency range 1.5 GHz using the substrate material Flame Retardant 4 (FR-4) lossy which has a dielectric constant of 4.3. These circuits were designed using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio. The parameters such as return loss, efficiency and directivity are simulated, analyzed and compared.

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The main features of solar cycle 23, sun enters a period of intermediate and weak solar activity in terms of sunspot number. Based on the observation from Omniweb data centre for solar- interplanetary data , geomagnetic activity and monthly mean count rate of cosmic ray intensity (CRI) variation data from Oulu / Moscow/ Keil neutron monitors (Rc=0.80 GV , Rc=2.42 GV and Rc=2.29 GV,) during solar activity cycle 23 . The phase of minimum solar activity began in May 2005 and lasted for 4.5 years the unprecedented duration of the relative sunspot numbers falls. It is observed that the strength of the interplanetary magnetic field has been falling off to new low levels, and reduces the GCR entering inner- heliosphere and it is also found that SSN positive correlated with Kp and Ap and sunspot number, 10.7 cm solar radio flux, were inverse correlated with monthly mean count rate of cosmic ray intensity

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The wrist watch with Heart Attack Detection is equipment that is used daily to indicate heart condition, to detect heart attack and to call for emergency help. It was designed specially to help patients with heart disease.This includes three common sub units. They are Circuit, Analysis Algorithm, and Bluetooth Communication. The first one is to wear on the wrist of the patient to captures the abnormal heart beat waves from the victim and the alternate methods are installed under the stick. This project is based on the previous project “Wireless Heart Attack Detector with GPS” of Fall 2004 [1]. we consider a big improvement in reducing the complexity of the project greatly, in saving power consumption of the project to run much fewer codes and in making the project to run at a faster time. No wire is attached to the wrists. In our project, the ECG waveform is transmitted wirelessly from the wrists to the watch. This gives the user great flexibility while the program is switched on and running. User can drive safely, can use restroom easily and can function normally like without the project. Previous project had the wire connection. All the hardware on the walking watch would have been strapped to the wrists. This will not make the project functional and marketable. Our project is completely portable. Heart condition is displayed in our project. The previous project did not inform the user about his heart condition. We display the heart condition through two LEDs as low-risk (alert level between 4 and 6) and high risk (alert level between 7 and 9). The user can know their heart condition and take proper action to avoid the fatal moment. Proper action could be slowing down and taking a rest.

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