Water is the necessity for the human, animal and agriculture life. Water is given to crop by irrigation for the growth of the crop. Different lands have different strategy of water, some type of crops need more water for its growth and some crops need lesser water. Some types of soil have different problems like black cotton soil which swells and shrinks quickly. Bhal area is that type of area where the traditional system to apply water for irrigation to crop were not successful. And finally through carrying out different types of survey works, it is concluded that underground pipe line system is the best for irrigation. This system is more suitable than other system. This paper examines the factors underlying irrigation development in Bhal area, reviews the water supply situation, and describes trends in water demand and irrigated agriculture. The overall water management in the region is assessed and recent trends in investments in the water sector, with a focus on large-scale irrigation systems. It concludes that in this context of accelerating demand and declining irrigation investments, new water development is not the primary solution to water resource challenges in the region. Much greater attention is needed on water policy and management reform to improve the efficiency and equity of irrigation and water supply systems. In order to pay for future investments, irrigated agriculture needs to produce high-value crops for both local consumption and exports into competitive world markets. Policies to officially transfer management responsibilities from agencies to farmers - and to privatize urban water supply and sanitation - are increasingly important. The complex tradeoffs across sectors and across water uses can best be managed through integrated water management at the river basin level—but developing appropriate institutions for intersectoral water allocation remains an important challenge under the fragmented management structure in most of Bhal area. Thus, the challenges for water policymakers in the region are great, but a strategy that focuses on river basin management, irrigation management transfer and privatization, and market-based water allocation can effectively address these challenges. Overall, the paper concludes that Bhal area should focus on (1) Creating Additional Surface Storage, (2) Preserving surface water, (3) Controlling Groundwater and controlling salinity, (4) Encouraging general efficiency of irrigation water use, (5) Enhancing yields through improved farming practices.

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Spirometer measures the amount of volume and flow rate of air that is inhaled & exhaled. Spirometer is a noninvasive diagnostic instrument. This paper represents the comparison of three different spirometer sensor designs. 1st design of spirometer sensor is made up with using Infra-Red Transmitter – Receiver. 2nd design is made up by using LED (Light Emitting Diode) – LDR (Light dependent resistor) pair as visible light Transmitter – Receiver. 3rd design uses differential pressure sensor which senses difference in air flow pressure.

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we need water to drink, to take bath, wash our clothes, utensil clean our surrounding, it is also required to irrigate the land for growing crops and we cannot imagine life without water. water is gift given to us by nature which is essential for life about 70%of the earth`s surface is covered with water. all living beginning (plants and animals) contain water in varying percentages. Fruits, vegetables and other things we eat also contain.

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solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV) or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). The concentrated solar power system uses lens or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. The process of conversion of light into electric current by the photovoltaics is known as the photovoltaic effect. Solar photovoltaic arrays are subjected to partial shading and rapid fluctuations of shading, in most of the portable applications. By partially shaded cells, the residual energy generated, either cannot be collected if the diode is bypassed, or impedes collection of power from the remaining fully illuminated cells, if the diode is not bypassed. The PV system is capable of maximizing the power generated by every PV cells in the PV panel. This system comprises of an array of parallel connected PV cells, a low-input voltage step up power converter and a simple bandwidth MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) tracker. The MPPT operation is to adjust photovoltaic interfaces, so that the operating characteristics of the load and the photovoltaic array match at the maximum power point, no matter what the stand-alone or grid connected photovoltaic applications are.

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The Electrostatic Precipitator’s (ESP’s) are widely used for controlling particulate emissions from boilers and industrial process sources. The Electrostatic precipitation consists of three fundamental steps: (1) particle charging, (2) particle collection, and (3) removal of the collected dust. Electrostatic Precipitator is the device used for controlling air pollution. Process gases contain suspended dust particles. These dust particles are collected on collecting electrodes. The effectiveness of Electrostatic Precipitators is affected by various fact like gas flow condition, electric field generation and geometric parameters. The industrial ESP are capable of handling large gas volumes with a wide range of inlet temperatures, pressures, dust volumes and gas conditions and exhibit complex interaction mechanism between electric field, fluid flow and particulate flows. Flow pattern of electrostatic precipitator and effect of different boundary conditions on flow pattern has been studied by using Ansys fluent. So that the flow distribution should be improved and it should meet ICAC (Institute of Clean Air Companies) guidelines. This paper presents the Ansys Fluent (CFD) concept for modeling and analysis of Electro static precipitator. Experimental testing is done for validation. The result of CFD concept and physical measurement are discussed.

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This study deals with the effect of treated domestic wastewater (TDWW) on properties of cement blended with 20% fly ash such as compressive strength, setting times and soundness. Water used for mortar includes portable water (PW), treated domestic wastewater (TDWW) and treated domestic wastewater (TDWW) partially replaced with portable water. This study analyses the quality of these types of waters as for standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, APHA 1992. Then, tests were conducted on mortar. The setting times and soundness of blended cement with treated domestic wastewater (TDWW) and treated domestic wastewater (TDWW) partially replaced with portable water is as good as that with portable water. The compressive strength of blended cement mortar mixed with treated domestic wastewater and treated domestic wastewater partially replaced with portable water has very insignificantly affected. Therefore, it is suggested that treated domestic wastewater may be considered as mixing water for blended cement mortar where portable water resources are scarce. However, it is advised that long-term strength development and durability be studied before use.

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The Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA) is a widely used interconnection standard for System on Chip (SoC) design. In order to support high-speed pipelined data transfers, AMBA 4.0 supports a rich set of bus signals, making the analysis of AMBA-based embedded systems a challenging Proposition. The goal of this paper is to synthesize and simulate a interface bridge for Advanced High performance Bus (AHB) to support for both high bandwidth data transfer using a single AXI4.0 transaction. Based on AMBA 4.0 bus, the Intellectual Property (IP) core of Advanced Peripheral Bus (APB) bridge has been designed, which translates the AXI4.0 transactions (AXI Master) into AHB 4.0 transactions (AHB Master).The bridge provides interface between the high performance AXI and high bandwidth peripherals ofs AHB domain.It has a slave interface which receives the AXI4 master transactions and convert them to AHB master transactions and initiates them on the AHB bus.

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The security in wireless sensor network is a burning issue. In this paper, we are showing the comparative analysis of a new pre key distribution scheme with existing scheme of WSN. We will propose a new scalable key management scheme for WSNs. It is also more secure. To design the key management scheme, we will use the unital design theory. We will show that the basic mapping from unitals to key pre-distribution allows us to achieve high network scalability. We propose an enhanced unital design theory based key pre-distribution scheme. It will provide higher scalability. It will also provide a good key sharing probability. The experimental results show that the proposed approach enhances the network scalability while providing high secure connectivity coverage and overall improved performance. It also reduces significantly the storage overhead compared to those of existing solutions.

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Big data is a collection of structured and unstructured data sets that include the huge quantities of data, social media analytics, data management capabilities, real-time data. For Big Data processing Hadoop uses Map Reduce paradigm. First we will briefly explain Hadoop-Map Reduce and its use for Big Data processing. After explaining the current system we will explain how we are using HDFS to implement our system. Our implementation of Hadoop is in pseudo mode. We are using Map Reduce programs for processing and at the end output will be presented in the text format.

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3D printing is the process of making physical objects from a digital model using printer. The technology has footprints since decades but yet is considered in the developmental stage due its own limitations and applications. Applications of 3D printing are known in many industries like consumer products, manufacturing, healthcare, automobile, aerospace, mining etc. However, it is not fully implied on an industrial scale in many sectors, for instance, mining industry. The technology has the potential to address specific challenges of mining sector and develop multiple benefits. The biggest advantage of this technology is that it provides instant modelling to get an idea of the final product, in-hand better visualization, which can cut costs and time significantly. And perhaps the most compelling reason to accept 3D printing is that it has effective ways of communicating. The paper illustrates the concept of 3D printing and its repercussions in the mining sector.

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Eye Blinking may cause many unusual activities to take place which leads to critical situation to arise. This condition can be overcome by this system. The project plays a vital role in Life saving of Drivers during Night as well as day also. The Sensors are used to process the various action Detection during Driving. Alert alarm sounds are applied for waking of driver from asleep. This system is widely used for daily applications.

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Tongue diagnosis is an essential process which is used to detect condition of the internal organs by extracting tongue features(colour). We proposes a non-invasive technique to detect diabetes mellitus(DM) and its complications. Tongue capture device is used to capture the tongue image with image correction. It consists of a tongue colour gamut representing 12 colours, only 7 colours are listed out of 12. The remaining 5 colours has ratio less than 1.Images captured in JPEG format that ranged from 257 x 189 pixels to 443 x 355 pixels. It is used to eliminate any variability in colour images caused by changes of illumination and device dependence. The proposed method can separate healthy and DM individuals.

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Sheet metal products are widely used in various industries nowadays. Among those, bent parts are made by performing linear bends on the sheet metal blanks prepared according to the unfolding of the corresponding designs. Process planning for bent parts consists of closely related tasks, such as unfolding generation, operation parameters and tool selection, bend sequencing and tolerance verification. Aiming at an automated process planning system (CAPP) for bent parts, the aspects of tool selection and dimensional accuracy verification have been tackled in this study. Regarding the aspect of tool selection, due to the requirements in the industry, both part complexity and tool variety for bending have increased. This fact hinders the use of simple Group Technology in mapping compatible and collision-free tools to bend lines merely based on part descriptions. Meanwhile, the interrelation between tool selection and bend sequencing makes automated tool selection a combinatorial problem. In this context, reactive approaches in tool selection, such as open selection during bend sequencing or selection based on a predefined bend sequence, cannot provide feasible tool solutions within an acceptable time span. The current research has resulted in a proactive strategy to downscale the problem complexity. According to this strategy, tools are preselected based on the analysis of part geometries. By detecting collision prone details residing in bent parts, collision scenarios are identified for this preselection step. Furthermore, the initially selected tools are refined according to the collisions detected while planning for a bend sequence. A generic approach is proposed for tool selection based on the evaluation of the encountered collision scenarios. Such collision scenarios are predicted based on either the envisaged part geometry or the intermediate part shapes calculated respectively in the preselection or the refined selection phases. Applying the developed methods for analysing the part and tool geometries in the process, the algorithms proposed for the tool selection procedure in this study are able to swiftly identify the potentially feasible tools for the foreseen collision scenarios. Subsequently, a set of rules has been composed and can be selectively triggered to identify the requirements for the tool parameters to overcome the different collision scenarios.

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This paper presents a performance testing of proposed algorithm. This proposed methodology takes less number of passes than that of the existing algorithm. It means that the time complexity of the proposed method is less as compared to the existing method. In this paper, we also provide the result of algorithm and we are checked the comparison of existing and proposed algorithm. In this paper, we also discussed about the procedure on our algorithm and applying these methodology with number of entries with aspect of execution time and number of modified entries. Privacy preserving in data mining is a very popular research topic. A large number of researchers are working on improving security in data mining. Also a detailed review of the work accomplished in this area is also given along with the coordinates of each work to the classification hierarchy.

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This paper describes the decentralized irrigation system which is used now a days. It is one of the need in the most part of the world. This system reduces the centralized work of regular system and converts it into the decentralized form. The aim of this project is to design computerized auto water centralized distribution using wireless network system with GPRS modem. Indian canal water system is decentralized; there is no centralized control of government control unit situated in remote area. It is not efficient to monitor and control them. This leads to terrific loss of water and or prevails corrupt environment. Then main aim of the paper is to design centralized computer controlled wireless sensor network based environment. This system actually present in manual format so to reduce this manual work this paper helps to develop automatic water distribution in canal irrigation system. This helps in irrigation department for their best results and gives the proper services to the farmer and emergency dam water relief. This paper includes both technical and non-technical measures. This system works on continues search or step algorithm. There are three operations performed on it such as start/stop timer, emergency alarm system, message sending. There is one server in main control room server selects the canal and set the particular time limit for each canal and send alert message to the client through GPRS using web API.

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A computer's CPU may perform millions of calculations every second .As the Processor continues to work at a rapid pace, it begins to generate heat. If this heat is not kept in check, the processor could overheat and eventually destroy itself. Fortunately, CPUs include a heat sink, which dissipates the heat from the processor, preventing it from overheating with the increase in heat dissipation from microelectronic devices and the reduction in overall form factors, thermal management becomes a more and more important element of electronic product design. Both the performance reliability and life expectancy of electronic equipment are inversely related to the component temperature of the equipment. The relationship between the reliability and the operating temperature of a typical silicon semiconductor device shows that a reduction in the temperature corresponds to an exponential increase in the reliability and life expectancy of the device. Therefore, long life and reliable performance of a component may be achieved by effectively controlling the device operating temperature within the limits set by the device design engineers.

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In this we propose a system that automates the whole process of taking attendance and maintaining its records in an institute. Managing people is a difficult task for most of the organizations, and maintaining the attendance record is an important factor in people management. When considering institutes, taking the attendance of employees on daily basis and maintaining the records is a major task. Manually taking the attendance and maintaining it for a long time adds to the difficulty of this task as well as wastes a lot of time. For this reason an efficient system is designed. This system takes attendance electronically with the help of a fingerprint sensor and all the records are saved on a computer server.

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Flip-flops are critical timing elements in digital circuits which have a large impact on the circuit speed and power consumption. The functioning of flip-flop is the important element in determining the efficiency of the system. To reduce the power consumption in digital circuits, a low power Explicit Edge triggered Flip-flop is designed and verified. In this design, the circuit triggers at both the positive and negative edge of the clock cycle. The proposed method is designed and simulated by TANNER EDA tools. Simulation results shows that the proposed design is power efficient when the circuit triggers at the both the positive and negative edges of the clock cycle.

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Filtering is widely used in the image and video processing application for various technology. Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology has become a viable target for the implementation of real-time algorithms is suitable for the video image processing applications In this paper a explicit image filter called guided filter is proposed to remove the noise in images smoothing and sharpening of images .We proposed the systolic array architecture for modified guided filter. The guided filter is derived from the local linear model computing the filtered output by considering the content of guided image can be the input image or different image. The guided filter can be using as the edge preserving smoothing operator. Transfer the structure of filtering image to the filtering output enabling and filtering application like dehazing and guided feathering. Computer vision and computer graphics applications, include edge-aware smoothing, HDR compression, image matting. Avoid halo effect using the weighted least square filter. FPGA can be used to implement any logical function that an ASIC could perform. VLSI Implementation for modified guided filter to achieve the high speed, low power consumption and reduce area.

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The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model equations are solved to predict the hydrodynamic and thermal behavior of the exchanger. The geometry of the problem and meshing of it have been made in ANSYS 14.0. The models have been solved by ANSYS Fluent 14.0 solver. Water and its nanofluids with alumina (A2O3) are used as the coolant fluid in the microchannel heat sink. The present CFD calculated heat transfer coefficient values have compared with the analytical values and very close agreement is observed. The relation between heat transfer coefficient and thermal conductivity of the fluid i.e. h ∝ k is proved in the present study. Thus use of nanofluids has been found beneficial both in laminar and turbulent zone. The result shows that nanofluids help to increase the heat transfer coefficient by 15% and 12% respectively in laminar and turbulent zone. The entrance length for the fully developed velocities depends on Reynolds number. The experimental work done by Lee and Mudawar (2007) has been predicted by the present CFD results. The hydrodynamics and thermal behaviour of a rectangular microchannel are studied here. The variation wall temperature, pressure drop in the channel and the friction factors calculated using ANSYS Fluent can well predict the experimental data. The effect of Re on the behavior the channel are also studied. Its behavior also have been analysed with the help of temperature, pressure and velocity contours.

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In this research, we are creating an android tablet based interactive hotel menu system. We are integrating data mining algorithms in the system to extract all the orders' data, and subsequently observe trends in the orders. We use these analytics to help improve the menu with recommendations and combo-offers. Also, we are using clustering analysis to make customer groups, so as to reach out to them in a more personalized way with customer loyalty offers and extra discounts. Additionally, we are creating a dynamic JSP website on which the customers can view all the items remotely, and call for a home delivery. All these things will essentially help the hotel business gain even more happy customers and henceforth, more profits.

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Increasing energy demand and environment concerns have prompted an evolution of an alternative fuel sources. As an alternative fuel source, biofuel – ethanol blends are attractive because it reduces engine emissions. A biofuel is a fuel that contains energy from geologically recent carbon fixation. These fuels are produced from living organisms. These fuels are made by a biomass conversion (biomass refers to recently living organisms, most often referring to plants or plant-derived materials). However, biofuel produces higher NOx emissions compared to ordinary diesel fuel. Ethanol is a low cost oxygenate with high oxygen content (35%) that has been used in ethanol–diesel fuel blends. The use of ethanol in diesel fuel can yield significant reduction of particulate matter (PM) emissions for motor vehicles. The Carbon monoxide, smoke & exhaust gas temperature reduced with the increase of ethanol percentage in biofuel-ethanol blends. The hydrocarbon emissions increased with ethanol but lower than that of the diesel fuel by a maximum with 10% ethanol in biofuel - ethanol blend. The blending of 20% biofuel into ethanol blends allowed higher percentage (30%) of ethanol mixing with diesel, increased the brake thermal efficiency and reduced the carbon monoxide, sound, hydrocarbons and smoke than that of the diesel fuel. After that it is to be validated in the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD).

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The basic objective of this paper and their implementation in SIMULINK is outline. So control of proximity sensor presents a challenging aspects used in our project which is a flexible dual-mode capacitive sensor which has two sensing capabilities in a single platform; tactile and proximity sensing capability. The capacitance change caused by an approaching object has been estimated through simulation of multiple two-dimensional models as an initial study. We also have successfully demonstrated the feasibility of dual-mode operation of the proposed sensor in real-time as an acquiring signal used for sensing the bottle. LabVIEW a software pioneered by National Instruments has also been used to program them, but using NI-MYRIO a new product launched by National Instruments, hasn’t been put to use for such a purpose so far. My-RIO’s extensive abilities has been put to good use in this project where using simple techniques the Proximity sensor is programmed to operate using a driver circuit according to user’s desired conditions.

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The wireless routing is the most important approach in the geographical routing and it has been widely used for MANETS. To develop a routing protocol, it has been big challenge and that can enhance the different application needs and providing optimization to topology changes in mobile ad hoc network. In existing system to search for a neighbors that are close to the network topology and it was taking large range of nodes which was inefficient to due to the loss of energy. In this, we proposing energy are enhanced, it is efficient and self-adapting a wireless routing protocol which reduces the number of hops count and it is scalable routing and efficient energy with existing geographic routing solutions. Our simulations results show better performances than those with previous approaches.

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The project is about developing an android based mobile application which discover nearby places and a way to access details about these places. The project consists of two modules-website for admin to add offers and deals, handheld mobile device to search nearby places and deals and offer database. The first module consists of .NET website that will be used to add offers and deals so that they can be displayed on mobile device. The second module consists of a handheld device for the user which discovers the nearby places.

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