In today’s modern world, the storing and sharing of information plays a vital role. The information can be either important or unimportant but they are meant to be shared for some purpose. They can be shared in many ways, but publish subscribe method is one which is becoming more popular nowadays. A wide range of people started using this method for sharing their information with others. However, some metrics such as authentication, confidentiality of information are need to be considered as they are the most important problems of a data sharing environment. This problem can be solved using some cryptographic encryption techniques. The two important categories of encryption are symmetric key encryption and asymmetric key encryption. They can be used to secure the information by converting it into some other unreadable format.

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Since last few decades we have seen an ample amount of advancement in the automobile industry, especially in the cars. We also want to give some modifications to a conventional car in order to improve the viability of car or a four wheel drive vehicle. The main advantage is to achieve angular motion (90 degree) of the wheel; more than in the holonomic vehicles. Omni-directional vehicles provide higher quality maneuvering capability as compared to the common non holonomic vehicles. The ability to move along any direction irrespective of the orientation of the vehicle makes it an attractive option in dynamic environment. We used some arrangements to achieve the intended task. Here we have discussed not only the project model, but also how the concept of the omni directional vehicle is viable on the road. We have discussed about transmission and suspension system which will be used in the actual vehicle. We have also described the role of steering system so that the research paper will be giving an idea about the actual Omni-directional vehicle. We have also elaborated the role of and types of the gears as the gears have extemporary role in the experiment.

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In order to maintain the water purity, certain water quality parameters must be monitored and controlled. Some of these parameters that most directly affect the purity of water are the pH, alkalinity, hardness, temperature, dissolved oxygen and nutrients. Among all the mentioned parameters , the pH value of water needs to be ascertained to know whether the water is acidic or basic and hence if its potable This paper presents a microcontroller based sensor circuit which ascertains the pH level of water. In this project, a pH sensor, TL-42 electrode is used to sense the pH level in the drinking water. The data collected by the sensor is processed by the Microcontroller system. Tedious conventional chemical methods can be replaced by the above method. Hence, an efficient system is proposed for monitoring and analysis of the pH of water.

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Water is one of the most important of all natural resources known on earth. It is important to all living organisms, most ecological systems, human health, food production and economic development. Analysis of Physicochemical and Microbiological parameters viz. colour, odour turbidity, pH ,total alkalinity, total hardness ,TDS, D.O. ,Fe ,F, river water and tube well water were determined in winter season in 2014.The safety of drinking water is important for the health. The safety of drinking water is affected by various contaminants which included chemical and microbiological. Such contaminants cause serious health problems. Due to these contaminants quality of the Drinking Water becomes poor. Sometimes such poor quality water causes many diseases in the humans so that quality of the water must be tested for both the chemical as well as for the microbial contaminants. During the study it was found that maximum number of physical and chemical parameters were within the desirable limit, as suggested by WHO and BIS. The objective of the present research is to provide information on the physic-chemical and Microbiological characteristics of Drinking water in order to discuss it’s suitability for human consumption. Physicochemical and bio-chemical aspects of the water have been investigated to assess the quality of water.

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An adequate amount of blood supply is necessary for the proper functioning of all body organs as blood carries all the nutrients and oxygen that our body needs to stay healthy. Various diseases cause an impaired supply of blood to the organs. The measurement of the blood flow can therefore provide essential information for the diagnosis of diseases. Since changes in blood flow occurs with the very initial stage of disease, with a fast, reliable. Previously they handle invasive blood flow measurement technique but this measurement is non invasive type. The physicians would be provided with new options for early disease diagnosis. In this paper to develop the measurement of human blood flow using laser Doppler Effect. Accuracy of this measurement is high and calculation speed is high and non invasive method. In this paper we used MEMS technique to reduce the power loss.

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In audio signal processing parallel filters are highly efficient to reduce noise in the signal and also power consumption. In this proposed design parallel filter is designed in the following method: firstly the target response is smoothened, then warped IIR filters are designed to the smoothed target response which was divided into bands, and finally the united pole set is used to design the parallel filter. Warped FIR is not preferable because it is an all zero filter so poles cannot be selected to reduce the noise in audio signals, and also effective results could be achieved only at higher orders. Due to this computational cost and complexity increases. So by using warped IIR filter the problems of warped FIR can be reduced.

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In current scenario number of farmers and available land space decreases day-by-day. On the other hand, increasing population increases the need of production. Though these controversies exist, all demands are satisfied with the help of hybrid varieties and Greenhouse systems. Our proposal aims to improve the features of conventional greenhouse systems by extending existing with irrigation and fertilizer feeding system, CO2 content monitoring and supply system and pneumatic controlled automatic open/ close roof. Conventional systems uses micro controller which has minimum durability, less high power withstanding capability and it can’t be used for the control of more than 2 plants. Besides, conventional systems uses always closed room which consumes more power for heating process. Proposed system uses temporarily opened/closed roof which can utilize natural heat for the purpose of maintain room temperature. This reduces power consumption. To avoid these inconveniences proposed system uses PLC which controls multiple plants at a single time and ladder diagram can be replaced easily when comparing to the microcontroller. Humidity, temperature, CO2, moisture, rain sensors and load cell are used to measure real time parameters of the environment of green house.

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In the past two decades, there has been a growing interest on artificially fabricated material called Photonic Crystal as a material for controlling the electromagnetic waves due to its remarkable properties. The Photonic Band Gap of the Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal containing nematic liquid crystal is investigated using Plane Wave Expansion (PWE) Method. Then, the Band Structure and the Reflectance Spectrum analysis are also done. The results show that the Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal can be tuned according to desired properties by means of introducing the liquid crystal. Thus with the proper use of design parameters of PBG, many advanced devices can be modeled with desired properties. Here a simple waveguide is designed which makes the signal propagation horizontally.

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Knowing the disadvantages in the current voting system, the biometric method of voting is being implemented i.e., finger print based voting machine. Here the voter has no need to carry his ID. In this system, the government authorities come to certain area for collecting vote. Here voters thumb impressions are used for identifying the voters. One of the best advantages of using this system is that it ensures maximum no. of vote count and there is no need of voter id.

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Saliency detection has gained a lot of attention in image processing. In past few years many saliency detection methods have been proposed. In this paper we present various saliency detection methods. The discussed methods include Frequency-tuned salient region detection, Graph-based visual saliency detection, A spectral residual saliency detection, Global contrast based salient region detection, A Boolean map saliency detection, Salient Region Detection and Segmentation, SDSP saliency detection, Isocentric color image saliency detection, visual saliency detection, and Context-aware saliency detection.

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Water is the basic requirement of the civilizations. Water is used in several ways like bathing, cooking and most important is for drinking. Water may be available either as ground water or surface water resource. Major groundwater resources in India are wells and hand pumps, while the surface water resources include the rivers, ponds, reservoirs, waterfalls etc. Due to rapid rate of development including industrialization, urbanization, intensive agriculture etc. different types of pollutants are reaching to the water resource. These pollutants may be solids or effluents. These pollutants include many types of metals and heavy metals also. These heavy metals reach into human body and cause several disorders. In this study samples have been collected from different types of waters resources of Mirzapur district and analyzed for the concentration of the heavy metals Zn, Cd and Pb, results indicate that concentration of all the three selected metals are higher in many samples of water throughout the district. Concentration of lead is higher than maximum concentration limit in almost all the samples, while cadmium and Zinc are also crossing this limit in many samples.

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In this paper, analysis of variance (ANOVA) are applied to study performance characteristics of drilling parameters(feed rate, speed and rake angle).A L27 orthogonal array is used for predict the result. Full factorial design was successful in drilling of the Glass fiber-EPE foam sandwich composite plate. In the experiment the independent variables are feed rate, speed and rake angle and the dependent variables (output variables) are cutting force (thrust force) Fz in Z direction for sandwich composite material having different skin and core ratios made from glass fiber as skin, EPE foam as core and epoxy resin as adhesive. The drill speed is the main effective parameter followed by feed rate and rake angle for drilling.

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The project deals with designing a robotic vehicle which is capable of detecting landmines, marking their locations and stopping itself to avoid those landmines towards a particular location determined by the user. The specific use of this type of robot is to send supplies to soldiers trapped in hard reaching places during war with minimal loss to human life. It can also be used to scout dangerous locations before entering for bombs or weapons. It will have the ability to detect landmines, marking their locations and prevent itself from stepping on to those mines and detonating them. Various researches in this field have inspired us to improve the mine-detecting robots. We, too, hope to inspire and motivate other engineers by our project.

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Efforts are being made since decades to improve the efficiency of routing, particularly link state routing. Our paper aims in making the routing optimal by reducing the cost of carrying traffic through packet switched networks. Link state routing protocols like OSPF and IS-IS converge more quickly than the distance vector routing protocols such as RIPv1, RIPv2, EIGRP and others. This is achieved using flooding and triggered update techniques. In link state protocols the updates are flooded immediately and computed in parallel. Triggered updates improve convergence time by making routers send update messages immediately upon learning of a route change. These updates are triggered by events such as new link becoming available for the failure of existing link. Main drawbacks are CPU overhead and memory requirements. Our technique iteratively and independently updates the fraction of traffic destined to the node that leaves the source node on each of its outgoing links. For every iteration the updates are calculated based on shortest on each destination as determined by the marginal cost of the networks links. These costs are obtained by link state updates which are flooded through the network after each iteration. The technique is adaptive which automatically converges to the new optimal routing assignment for apparently static network changes. Main aim is to eliminate the tradeoff between optimality and ease of implementation and routing.

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In this paper, we estimate the set data normalization using soft set theory. These sets are based on the grading system implemented by different universities. Often to select a best candidate among the students with different grades is done by normalizations for decision making. In this paper a fuzzy soft aggregation operator is presented to construct more efficient decision making method. Finally, we give an example which shows that the method can be successfully applied to select best candidate among the universities that contain uncertainties with different grading system.

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Few patients such as quadriplegics and multiple sclerosis type cannot drive normal wheelchair so they are dependent on other people or helpers to move from one place to another and in such a way they don’t have the freedom of mobility. So this is the project about developing a powered wheelchair which operates through joystick or user on that wheelchair. This powered wheelchair motor control and drive system which consists of joystick and DC motors. The main signal from joystick is sent to the relays and motors are connected to the terminals of relays that will drive two dc motorsmicrostrip antenna for the purpose of satellite communications.

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The demand of electricity is increasing day by day, the demand gap of energy is also increasing drastic change simultaneously and also generation control is also a big problem this gap in demand energy is responsible for energy crisis which we face today. Due to this there is a vast need for energy efficient technologies. So we can mitigate this energy gap by shifting towards Renewable energy sources coupled with some energy efficient systems. According to literature survey the PMBLDC (Permanent magnet Brushless DC motor) based pump sets are found to be more efficient and reliable than the other conventional pump sets. So this paper is an effort to show solar powered PMBLDC pump set is more efficient than conventional pumping system for energy conservation and utilization.

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According to Montreal Protocol it was decided to initiate the worldwide phase out of CFCs and HCFCs. Moreover in Kyoto Protocol even new developed HFCs refrigerants like R-134a should be gradually phased out due to their high global warming potentials (1430).The present work is to Explore performance evaluation of most promising drop-in replacements of R134a in domestic refrigerator with Zero ODP and low GWP refrigerants. The assessed refrigerants are R290, R600a, R430A, R436A.Basic cycle and performance comparison of all alternative refrigerants have been calculated for standard rating cycle, most commonly used condensing and evaporating temperatures 550C and -250C respectively. By performing the experiment we are come to know that the Charging amount is reduced by 59.25 and 55.5% for R290 and R600a respectively. COP of the domestic refrigerator working with R290 is improved by up to 2.09%, and compressor power is reduced by 2.06%. COP of the domestic refrigerator working with R600a is lower by up to 5.05%, and compressor power is increased by 5.29%. Pull down time for the R134a, R290, R600a are observed as 120, 104, and 109 min respectively. ON TIME ratio is reduced for R290 by 10.31% and for R600a it is increased by 6.89%. TEWI for R290 and R600a is reduced by 10.72% and 4% respectively.

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Polymeric materials reinforced with synthetic fibres such as glass, carbon, and aramid provide advantages of high stiffness and strength to weight ratio as compared to conventional construction materials, i.e. wood, concrete, and steel. Despite these advantages, the widespread use of synthetic fibre-reinforced polymer composite has a tendency to decline because of their high-initial costs, their use in non-efficient structural forms and most importantly their adverse environmental impact. In the recent days, there is a huge demand for a light weight material such as fiber reinforced polymer composites seems to be a promising solution to this arising demand. These materials have gained attention due to their applications in the field of automotive, aerospace, sports goods, medicines and household appliances. The overall objective of this work is to analyze a composite drive shaft for power transmission. This work deals with the replacement of conventional steel drive shafts composite drive shaft for an automotive application.

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Increasing demand for mass production has revived the interest in the use of multipurpose machines for reducing total elapsed time making the industries self-reliance on varieties of products manufactured. Rolling, V- grooving, and Cutting are the most widely used operations in the fabrication industry. Hence these are the operations we are going to club them together to make 3 in 1 m/c. So that total space requirement and maintenance cost of machine decreases.

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A biometric structure is a computer system, which is used to spot the self on their behavioural and physiological quality. A typical biometric system consists of sensing, feature removal, and matching modules. But currently a day’s biometric systems are attacked by using fake biometric classification. The biometric technique which used are face recognition, fingerprint recognition, and iris appreciation and also commence the attack on that structure and by using Image superiority estimation. In biometric detection, forged fraudulent actions in modalities such as face, fingerprint, and iris are detected. A biometric authentication is used to ensure the actual presence of real image in contrast to the fake self-manufactured synthetic samples. The threads include both direct and spoofing attacks. The biometric detection is used to detect the fake image in faster, user friendly and non-intrusive manner. In this project, 25 image quality features are extracted from one image and this information is used to discriminate the fake traits. This approach represents the very low degree of complexity and hence it is used in real time applications. Harris corner detector is used to identify the corners in the given image so that the quality assessment has been detected. With the help of these quality features, the image is classified as real or fake image. The classifier used here is SVM classifier and Back propagation classifier.

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In this study, a blend of Palm seed oil is in the various proportions like 10%, 20%, 30%, and up to in the diesel fuel added in a direct injection diesel engine. Engine performance have been investigated and compared with the ordinary diesel fuel in a diesel engine. Experimental results show that the BTE characteristics of the mixture of Palm seed oil–diesel fuel are close to the values obtained from diesel fuel.There is required number of experiments which gives results in the form of set of parameter. This set of parameter give different performance with reduction in different fuel consumption. From this sets of parameters, there must be choose set of parameters.in this study, the effects of parameters’ i.e. load, injection pressure, blend are taken as variable for optimization. Taguchi method of optimization is used in this experiment, using Taguchi method numbers of reading are taken so Taguchi experiment identify that injection pressure 200 bar, engine load 10 kg and blend B20D80 are optimum parameter setting for higher brake thermal efficiency.

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The rapid advances in computer and simulation technology make it possible to model complex geometrical shapes, material behaviour and thermal stresses, and to analyze the associated deformations and stresses under simulated operational conditions close to the real situation. The efficiency of the interdisciplinary metaphysics-analyses and the quality of their results are however highly dependent on the possibility to access the knowledge and expertise of company specialists in finite volume applications, materials sciences and fluid dynamics. A typical example of the numerical investigation of the thermo mechanical stresses in the exhaust manifold of an IC engine. In a first phase, CFD analyses for flange and manifold pipe assembly with test conditions with guesses operating boundaries were performed for this exhaust manifold aiming to determine sensible specific temperature and pressure distributions. The fluid flow and the heat transfer through the exhaust manifold were computed correspondingly by CFD analyses including the conjugate heat transfer. The temperature distributions of the solid part of the CFD mesh were neglected. Second phase of the modelling compares the existing model with the proposed model for test bed conditions for the same design model with similar approach. They were analyzed subsequently using the CFX V12 model of this component, consisting of 190000 elements, to quantify related temperature distribution and thermally induced stresses, in a two-way-coupling approach and considering nonlinear material behavior. The interpolation of the temperature data was done automatically in CFX solver. Selected details and results of the overall investigation are presented and discussed within the framework of this paper.

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Vision is an important aspect in our life. But there are some people who do not have ability of visualizing these things. They face many problems while they are walking inside or outside the home. The worse problem occurs when they move to an unknown place. Visually impaired people gets many difficulties when moving in unknown public places. The paper represents the architecture and implementation of a system that is used by the visually impaired people for navigation as well as to avoid the obstacle. some systems uses Global Position System (GPS) for outdoor, some are uses RFID for indoor navigation and obstacle avoidance for the purpose of guiding visually impaired.

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with increase in demand of technology, field of information technology is booming. With the development of computer embedded technology, the Bluetooth and Smartphone have become more and more common in our daily lives. The Robot also comes gradually into the picture. This concept can be taken care into many applications from many one of which is travelling purposes. An electric skateboard which is a very upcoming mode of short travelling purpose can be controlled in many ways and one upcoming way is through the control of Smartphone. The Bluetooth technology and Smartphone makes it possible for us to control the robot in the visual interface. The affordability of Smartphone has increased in recent years. So this technology can be useful to a layman with zero knowledge of robotics.

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