Cloud security is the most critical task while considering its working environment, i.e. outsourced, distributed and utility based. In such cases making the users data confidential, increases the trust over the system. Also the security procedure does not make the availability affected in any ways. The users of these kind of systems is always retained the services and securities preliminaries with respect to the data itself. As the cloud user can access its data frequently and if here some encryption is used which requires decryption and the repetitive process continues to increase the overheads. It requires some mechanism in which encryption is performed and if the user requires to perform some operations on secure file without decrypting it can be fulfilled. Thus homomorphic encryption lets the user facilitates about the performing operations on encrypted data which reduces the complexity of confidentiality operations. Also to prevent Cloud Servers from being able to learn both the data file contents and user access privilege information used to generate key along with the fastest access of secured data by using Attribute-based encryption (ABE).

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various mechanical and physical tests are conducted on fabricated wood plastic composite according to standards. In order to show how wood plastic composite is better for some applications, tests are also conducted on polypropylene, rose, teak and neem wood. In this study, mechanical and physical characteristics of wood plastic composite have been compared with polypropylene, rose, teak and neem wood. Finally results are analyzed.

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This project intends to link the concepts regarding irrigation process i.e. irrigating the land without man power. Several aspects regarding the irrigation process and our development in irrigation have been cited. This project also discusses the possible ways to get useful and practical results of all the concepts that are available for irrigation process. In this project we are mainly using the humidity sensor for irrigating method with PIC microcontroller by which we are controlling the motor ON and OFF and we also using the capacitor bank in this project to run the motor in any two phase this is one of the important one which we are using in our project in which the people are facing the problems now a days and also the GSM modem to receive the message when the motor is ON and when it is OFF and the humidity level weather the level of humidity is HIGH or else it is LOW. And then the other important thing is that the level detector to know the water level in the well or in the in the tank which will protect the damage of the coil in the motor.. The main outcome of this project is to bring about the ideas of smart irrigation method and to reduce the wastage of water and the man process and it can be used in different method like trip system, spraying system in the agricultural land. We want to make it as a modern agricultural system with this project which we have been cited.

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This paper describes a transformation technique aimed at solving the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) problem associated with OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). The Constant Envelop-OFDM solves the problem of high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in OFDM, reducing PAPR to 0 dB. The constant envelope signal can be efficiently amplified with nonlinear power amplifiers thus achieving greater power efficiency. It is shown that CE-OFDM’s performance is better than conventional OFDM when taking into account the effects of the power amplifier. The performance of CE-OFDM is analyzed in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. CE-OFDM is shown to achieve good performance with the use of cyclic prefix transmission. By way of computer simulation, CE-OFDM is shown to compare favorably to conventional OFDM. OFDM and CE-OFDM is analyzed on grounds of BER with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The BER is calculated and the performance of OFDM and CE OFDM is compared.

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Concrete has occupied an important place in construction industry in the past few decades and it is used widely in all types of constructions ranging from small buildings to large infrastructural dams or reservoirs. It is the most widely used man-made construction material in the construction world. Ever since concrete has been accepted as material for construction, civil engineers have been trying to improve its quality, strength etc., against adverse conditions. The OPC is one of the main ingredients used for the production of concrete. However in the context of increased awareness regarding over exploitation of natural resources to manufacture cement, an eco-friendly technology has to be developed for the effective management of resources. The replacement of natural resources in the manufacture of cement is the present issue in the present construction scenario. With increase in demand of concrete, more and more new methods and new materials are being developed for production of concrete. Hence in the current study an attempt has been made to minimize the cost of cement with concrete mix grades M20 and M30 by studying the mechanical behaviour of these concrete mixes by replacing with advanced mineral admixture such as GGBS in concrete mixes as partial replacement of cement. GGBS is a waste industrial by-product from the blast furnaces used to make iron. Use of GGBS does not only reduce the cost of construction but also helps to reduce the impact on environment by consuming the material generally considered as waste product. Therefore an experimental study is conducted to evaluate the workability and strength characteristics of hardened concrete, by partially replacing the cement by various percentages of GGBS for M20 and M30 grades of concrete at different ages. The mixes were designed using IS Code method. In this project, properties of concrete have been assessed by partially replacing cement with GGBS. The cement has been replaced by GGBS accordingly in the range of 0% (without GGBS), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% by weight of cement for M20 and M30 mix. Concrete mixtures were produced, tested and compared in terms of compressive, split tensile and flexural strength with the conventional concrete.

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Classification of Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) data from satellite images is extremely remarkable to design the thematic maps for analysis of natural resources like Forest, Agriculture, Water bodies, urban areas etc. The process of Satellite Image Classification involves grouping the pixel values into significant categories and estimating areas by counting each category pixels. Manual classification by visual interpretation technique is accurate but time consuming and requires field experts. To overcome these difficulties, the present research work investigated efficient and effective automation of satellite image classification. Automated classification approaches are broadly classified in to i) Supervised Classification ii) Unsupervised Classification iii) Object Based Classification. This paper presents classification capabilities of K-Means, Parallel Pipe and Maximum Likelihood classifiers to classify multispectral spatial data (LISS-4). Using statistical inference, classified results are validated with reference data collected from field experts. Among three, Maximum Likelihood classifier (MLC) gained a significant credit in terms of getting maximum Overall accuracy and Kappa Factor.

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A wireless local area network (LAN) is a flexible data communications system implemented as an extension to, or as an alternative for, a wired LAN. Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) are having tremendous growth & becoming increasingly popular. The planning of wireless local area network (WLAN) infrastructures that supply large buildings or areas requires the consideration of many aspects (coverage, different traffic densities, interference, cost minimization, network throughput) and therefore is a difficult task if done manually. The performance of WLAN can be greatly improved by efficient channel assignment. This paper presents a survey on efficient channel assignment algorithms in WLAN’s. The survey is concluded with various research issues open for further study.

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New wireless system for biomedical purposes gives new possibilities for monitoring of essential function in human being. Wearable biomedical sensors will give the patient the freedom to be capable of moving readily and still be under continuously monitoring regularity of heartbeats identify any damage to the heart and devices used to regulate the heart and thereby to better quality of patient care. This paper describes a new concept for wireless and portable electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor transmitting signals to a monitoring station at the remote location within specific range, and this concept is intended for monitoring people with impairments in their cardiac activity. The proposed work helps to overcome this problem. With the advancement in Arduino and mobile technology, it is possible to design a portable ECG device which capture ECG of patient and monitor it on mobile platform. This report goes over low power Arduino, mobile platform Panda board and Zigbee technology to couple ECG over mobile board.

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MEMS- Micro electro mechanical system. Over the last decade Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) have evoked great interest in the scientific and engineering communities. They are formed by integration of electronic and mechanical components at micron level. MEMS has gained acceptance as viable products for many commercial and government applications. This paper will give an introduction to these exciting developments of MEMS, the fabrication technology used and application in various fields. Future applications of miniaturized space systems will have special needs on MEMS components. This paper addresses the needs, status and perspectives of the MEMS Technology for miniaturized space system from the perspectives of a spacecraft developer. First, the needs of the future space missions on MEMS components are discussed. Then, the state-of-the-art MEMS technologies are reviewed based upon these needs. Finally, perspectives of space-based MEMS technology will be addressed based on the analysis of both future mission needs and technological trends. Lastly, it concludes saying that MEMS have enough potential to establish a second technological revolution of miniaturization.

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Cognitive networks enable efficient sharing of the radio spectrum. Control signals used to setup a communication and broadcast to the neighbors in their particular channels of operation. This paper deals with broadcasting challenge specially in multi-hop CR ad hoc networks under practical scenario with collision avoidance have been address. Exchanging control information is a critical problem in cognitive radio networks. Selective broadcasting in multi-hop cognitive radio network in which control information is broadcast over pre-selected set of channels. We introduce the idea of neighbor graphs and minimal neighbor graphs to obtain the necessary set of channels for broadcast. Selective broadcasting reduces the delay in disseminate control information and yet assures successful transmission of information to all its neighbors. It is also confirmed that selective broadcasting reduces redundancy in control information and hence reduces network traffic.

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Secure neighbor discovery is the fundamental process in the MANET deployed in aggressive environment. It refers to the process that nodes exchange messages to discover and authenticate each other. It is defenseless to the jamming attack in which the adversary intentionally transmits signals to prevent neighboring nodes from exchanging messages. Existing anti-jamming communications depends on JR-SND. The JR-SND, a jamming-resilient secure neighbor discovery scheme for MANETs based on Random spread-code pre-distribution and Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS). In Existing, they prevent the jamming and introduce the anti-jamming mechanism using DSSS introduce the secure message exchange mechanism and prevent the collisions during packet transmission. But in this we lack of introducing to detect the selfish and malicious nodes in the network. For this, in the Future Work we will enhance the work by detecting the selfish nodes using Watchdog and Neighbor Coverage-based Probabilistic Rebroadcast Protocol (NCPR).

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Image processing is among rapidly growing technologies today, with its applications in various aspects of a business. Image Processing forms core research area within electronics engineering and computer science disciplines too. Image Processing is a technique to enhance raw images received from satellites, space probes, aircrafts, military reconnaissance flights or pictures taken in normal day-to-day life from normal cameras. The field is becoming powerful and popular because of technically powerful personal computers, large memories of available devices as well as graphic softwares and tools available with that devices and gadgets. Image acquisition, pre-processing, segmentation, representation, recognition and interpretation are the different basic steps through which image processing is carried out. [3][4].

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The turbo machine is an energy conversion device which converts mechanical energy to kinetic/pressure energy or vice versa. The conversion is done through the dynamic interaction between a continuously flowing fluid and rotating machine component. Turbo machines comprise various types of fans, blowers, compressors, pumps, turbines etc. More and more experimental research work is available in the field of turbo machine design and its evaluation. Literature review has revealed that a few literatures are available on three dimensional numerical analysis of a centrifugal fan/blower. Literature review in present work is highly focused on centrifugal blower and use of CFD techniques in turbo machines. In this course of work, input parameters and design parameters of centrifugal blower is obtained as per church and Osborne design methodology developed by Kinnari Shah, PROF. NitinVibhakar. Fluid model is made as per this design data in PRO-E SOFTWARE. And this fluid model is simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach in ANSYS (CFX). Numerical analysis carried out in this work is to understand the flow characteristics at design and off-design conditions under varying mass flow rates, varying rotational speeds and number of blades in both design methodology. This numerical analysis is under consideration of steady flow and for rotational domain (frozen rotor interference) is used. Performance curves are obtained under different variable inlet parameters like volume flow rate, rotational speed and number of impeller blades. Here mass flow rate as a inlet boundary condition and static pressure as a outlet boundary condition. Volume flow rate is changed by changing the mass flow rate at inlet. Overall work carried out on flow behaviour and performance graphs for different cases are discussed in length in results and discussions chapter. Comparative evaluation of two design method indicates that error in static pressure gradient is higher in Osborne design rather than church design, and performance parameters are better for church design than the Osborne design.

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Data Mining is the Process to extract knowledge from the data or data stream, Mining high utility itemsets focus on the itemset with high profit only, as data or itemset may be static or in a stream mine this type if data has become a significant research topic. In this research paper we have presented different methods available for mining high utility dataset , to develop algorithm for this requires logic to mine the high utility itemsets from data streams, We have compared following algorithms, One pass Algorithm, Two Phase Algorithm, Mining top k-Utility Frequent itemset, and Sliding window based algorithms like MHUI-BIT(Mining High Utility Itemset Based on BITVector), MHUI-TID(Mining HighUtility Itemset based on TID-List) for lexicographical tree based summary data structure. And the FHM algorithm which we will used for our proposed work “Fast High Utility Miner) Using estimated utility Co-occurrence Pruning.

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This paper shows the wind driven self-excited induction generator used in wind turbine for drive applications. The self-excited induction generator is mathematically modeled to perform efficiently as a real time performance. Here we used voltage source inverter which is a normal pulse width modulation inverter fed with resistive load. A voltage source inverter is used which forms a bridge between the self-excited induction generator and a load .The voltage source inverter are used to provide to make a system simple and cost effective. The simple arrangement is used such that the efficiency of the system becomes high with minimized losses. The PWM Inverters (VSI) is used to convert the variable magnitude and frequency voltage into reliable constant voltage and constant frequency supply to drive the isolated load. The self-excited induction generator and other power electronic converter components are modeled through coding and simulation in MATLAB/SIMULINK 8.1.604 (R2013a).

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Image Compression addresses the matter of reducing the amount of data needed to represent the digital image. There are several transformation techniques used for data compression. Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is mostly used transformation. The Discrete cosine transform (DCT) is a method for transform an image from spatial domain to frequency domain. DCT has high energy compaction property and requires less computational resources. On the other hand, DWT is multi resolution transformation. The research paper includes various approaches that have been used by different researchers for Image Compression. The analysis has been carried out in terms of performance parameters Peak signal to noise ratio, Bit error rate, Compression ratio, Mean square error. and time taken for decomposition and reconstruction.

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The magnetoelectric (ME) composites having the general formula, (x) Mg0.25Cu0.25Zn0.5Fe2O4 + (1-x) BaTiO3 (x=15%, 30%, 45%) were synthesized by sintering mixtures of highly ferroelectric BaTiO3 and highly magnetostrictive magnetic component Mg0.25Cu0.25Zn0.5Fe2O4. The presence of constituent phases of ferrite, ferroelectric and their composites were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Surface morphology of the samples has been investigated using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), which revealed uniform mixing of two phases. The variations in dielectric constant and dissipation factor as a function of frequency from 100 Hz to 1 MHz were measured in a Hioki LCR Hi-Tester. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss were found to decrease rapidly in the low frequency region and became almost constant in the high frequency region. The electrical conductivity deduced from the measured dielectric parameters has been analyzed and found that the conduction mechanism in these composites is in conformity with small polaron hopping model.

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IoT is referred as “Internet of Things”. This paper provides information about the implementing the technologies based on sensors, protocols and application problems; with the IoT we can emphasis latest developments in RFID, smart sensors, communication technologies and protocols. These technologies can directly enable application without any human interference. IoT enables developments of new technologies. In this research survey we have included all the current scenarios based on product identification and presented RFID based smart cart analysis apart from other survey papers we have provided more collective summery of available technologies and research of smart product identification to deliver standard information about emerging field and we have also discussed the pros and cons of all methods and issues regarding the research. We have also explained relationship between IoT and smart product based identification methodology; also we have included the RFID range and accuracy problems to fulfilment of the issue about product identification.

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Satellite images are used in many research fields. The main problem with the satellite images are their low resolution and blurring effects. Thus, in order to use these images, we need to enhance their quality. Thus, in this paper we have described various wavelet transform techniques such as WZP (Wavelet Zero Padding), CS-WZP (Cyclic Spinning WZP), UWT (Undecimated Wavelet Transform) and DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform). These all are wavelet transform techniques which are used for image resolution enhancement. In these all techniques and algorithms, we give a low resolution image obtained from any satellite image as the input and get a high resolution image as the output. The comparison of these techniques is made based on two factors MSE (Mean Squared Error) and PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio).

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Cloud computing is an emerging computing paradigm where computing resources are provided as services over Internet while residing in a large data center. Even though it enables us to dynamically provide servers with the ability to address a wide range of needs, this paradigm brings forth many new challenges for the data security and access control as users outsource their sensitive data to clouds, which are beyond the same trusted domain as data owners. The occupier need not be concerned with how the Paas system achieves expansion under high load.MAC systems differ as security policy is defined for the entire system, typically by administrators. Information flow control (IFC) is a MAC approach, developed originally from military information management methodologies. IFC can be used to enforce more general policies, using appropriate labeling and checking schemes. The labels can be used to manage both confidentiality and integrity concerns, tracking “secrecy” and “quality” of data, respectively. Decentralized Information Flow Control (DIFC) is an approach to security that allows application writers to control how data flow between the pieces of application and the outside world. As applied to privacy DIFC allows un trusted software to compute with private data while trusted security code controls the release of that data. As applied to integrity DIFC allows trusted code to protect un trusted software from unexpected inputs.

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Panchromatic furthermore multi-spectral image fusion outstands common methods of high-resolution color image amalgamation. In digital image reconstruction, image fusion is standout pre-processing step that aims increasing hotspot image quality to extricate all suitable information from source images ruining inconsistencies or artifacts. Around the different strategies available for image fusion, Wavelet and Curvelet based algorithms are mostly preferred. Wavelet transform is useful for point singularities while Curvelet transform, as the name describes, is more useful for the analysis of images having curved shape edges. This paper reveals a study of development in the field of image fusion.

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One of the most important component in mechanical is Gear for the transmission of power with ease and with less friction. Its main aim is to transfer torque from one shaft to other. There are different kinds of gears namely spur gear, helical gears, worm gears etc. Gear drives are used for different kinds of machines like automobiles, metal cutting tools, material handling equipment’s, rolling mills, marine power plants etc. The friction and other losses in this type of power transmission equipment is comparatively very low. In this work a software called “MATLAB” is used to design a Spur Gear. MATLAB is widely used for lot of research purposes for obtaining accurate results and it has got a lot of built in functions which makes it versatile. It is a user friendly one and when executed it ask the inputs and performs the necessary design calculations and gives necessary output values. As computers are used to perform the task of gear design becomes simple, friendly and error free.

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We consider QoS -aware band sharing in cognitive wireless networks where secondary users are allowed to access the band owned by a primary network provider. The intrusion from secondary users to primary users is forced to be below the tolerable limit. Also, signal to intrusion plus noise ratio (SINR) of each secondary user is maintained higher than a required level for QoS cover. When network load is high, admission control needs to be performed to satisfy both QoS and intrusion constraint. We propose an admission control algorithm which is performed jointly with power manage such that QoS needs of all admitted secondary users are satisfied while keeping the intrusion to primary users below the passable limit. When all secondary users can be supported at minimum rates, we allow them to increase their spread rates and share the spectrum in a fair manner. We formulate the joint power/rate allocation with max-min equality principle as an optimization problem. We show how to change it into a convex optimization problem so that its globally most favourable solution can be obtained. Numerical grades show that the proposed admission control algorithm achieves performance very close to the optimal solution.

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Five different methods of the non-zero integral solutions of the homogeneous biquadratic Diophantine equation with five unknowns are determined. Some interesting relations among the special numbers and the solutions are observed.

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Wireless sensor network is a type of network which have no communications pattern for communication between nodes, any node can easily join the network and leave the network so attacks are more probable. Gray hole is one of such attacks and it is tough to detect since malicious node switches behavior between normal node and malicious node. For detection and prevention of gray hole attacks our proposed technique is based on Cluster head and RREQ based approach in WSN. In our proposed technique we select a node which has the highest energy as a cluster head and remaining node are marked as work as cluster member. For each node we decide a threshold for sending RREQ if any node generate RREQ more than threshold then we check its RREP threshold value if it’s less than one than cluster head will conclude this node as a malicious node and broadcast its node id so that all other nodes also mark it as malicious node and drop the request arrive from this malicious node and for gray hole detection.

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