Electronic waste or e-waste describes discarded electrical or electronic devices. Used electronics which are destined for reuse, resale, salvage, recycling or disposal are also considered as e-waste. Informal processing of electronic waste in developing countries may cause serious health and pollution problems, as these countries have limited regulatory oversight of e-waste processing. Solid waste management is one of the major environmental concerns in our country now a day. The present study covers the use or recycled e-wastes as replacement of coarse aggregates in concrete. The main aim of the study is to investigate the change in properties of concrete with the addition of e-wastes in concrete. It is found that the use of e-waste aggregates results in the formation of lightweight concrete. In this dissertation coarse aggregate is partially replaced by coarse aggregate upto 25% with regular interval of 5%,along with fly ash partially replacing cement in concrete of grade M40 and properties like workability, compressive strength and flexural strength is evaluated.

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Plastic waste was the byproduct of plastic industries and also it is collected from local area and it contains junk tv, radio, cds etc. coconut shells is a by-product of coconut industries. This dissertation shows study on the results of an investigation of effect of plastic waste and coconut shells as coarse aggregate replacement in concrete mix. Concrete mixes containing various contents of the coconut shells and plastic waste were prepared and properties material and concrete such as fineness modulus, water absorption, specific gravity, crushing value, impact value, abrasion value, workability, compressive strength and flexural strength were determined. Concrete of M-40 grade is prepared containing coconut shells and plastic waste as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate in concrete. Plastic waste and coarse aggregate which passes from 20 mm sieve were mixed in concrete upto 50% at an interval of 10%.

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The paper presents the method to implement lean in the raw mill separator air slide, an equipment used in cement industry. Lean is a philosophy that is driven by the ideas to eliminate the non-value activities or components in any process. Hence, in this paper, some modifications in the raw mill separator air slide are carried out in order to eliminate the non-value components in the equipment. The elimination is done to reduce the overall cost of the equipment and make the process cost effective.

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This paper describes how we can use the lean philosophy to eliminate the problem that is caused due to presence of a non-value component which contributes to high cost and high power loss. Here, Additive Hopper Feeding Belt Conveyor is taken into consideration. The problem is identified. Then, the factors responsible for the problem are identified. Lean philosophy tells how to take certain steps to eliminate the problem causing factors. In this paper, steps are taken in the form of modifications to eliminate the components which are non-value adding. In this way, high power and cost is saved. this experimental work as a paper , to eliminate the non-value factors in additive hopper feeding belt conveyor.

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The construction these days have been far than the reach due to developing status that our country India holds. With development of country, development of residential buildings takes place.In this paper the design of residential building is done with limit state analysis. Limit state method is a good way to attain strength of structure with low cost when compare to other design synopsis. The plan, section and elevation are generated in AUTOCAD software as per required area of 200 sq m. Then the design follows with different types of loading conditions with different cases of rooms and position of rooms. After plotting the design, analysis is made with the help of STAAD Pro software and the results found out to be same.

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The development of any country depends on the transportation facilities and the construction projects. Roads are one of the strongest measures of economic activity and the development of any nation. India has a road network of more than 33 lakh km which is the second largest road connecting system in the world. About 65% of freight and 80% of passenger traffic are carried by the roads. Due to massive growth of infrastructure projects, conventional construction materials are diminishing day by day or found short in supply at various locations in the country. The “Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojna” (PMGSY) is a nationwide plan in Indiato provide good all-weather road connectivity to unconnected villages. This Centrally Sponsored Schemewas introduced in 2000 by the Prime Minister of India Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee. It is under the authority of the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India and began on 25 December 2000. It is fully funded by the Central Government.For executing the transportation facilities, the quality of a pavement depends on the strength of its sub-grade soil. The strength of sub-grade is the major parameter for determining the thickness of pavement. In case of pavement the sub-grade must be uniform in terms of geotechnical properties like shear strength, compressibility etc. Pavement construction may be on natural soil which may be Expansive soil, Black cotton soil, clayey soil, organic soil etc. Natural soils, suffer volume change due to moisture content, which causes heaving, cracking and the break-up of the road pavement. Due to this reason Stabilization of these types of soil is necessary, to suppress swelling and increase the strength of the soil. The growing cost of traditional stabilizing agents and the need for the economical utilization of industrial and agricultural wastes for beneficial engineering purposes has prompted an investigation into the stabilizing potential Sugarcane Bagasse Ash in subgrde soil. These Large Quantities of Waste Materials Sugarcane Bagasse Ash e.g. create negative impact on the environment causing air pollution, water pollution, affecting the local eco- system and hence safe disposal of this waste material is required. Utilizing these waste materials as alternative materials for the construction is no doubt a best solution.The objective of this work is to utilize the effectiveness of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) material to enhance the properties of natural soil used for subgrade material in pavement. The laboratory work involved index properties to classify the soil sample. The preliminary investigation of the soil shows that it belongs to A-6 class of soil in the AASHTO soil classification system. Whereas as per IS classification this class are generally of clay with low compressibility (CL).Atterberg limits, compaction, swelling pressure and CBR tests were used to evaluate properties of stabilized soil. The soil was stabilized with Sugarcane Bagasse Ash in stepped concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% by dry weight of the soil individually. All stabilized soil samples were also cured for 96 hours for CBR test in fully saturated condition. The test results indicate that the addition of SCBA enhances the percentage of grain size distribution, but with addition of SCBA till 20% the LL, PL, PI and swelling pressure decreases, while these parameters further increases in this limit beyond i.e. 20% to 30% of SCBA, Specific Gravity and Maximum Dry Density (MDD) decrease with addition of SCBA, for all percentage values, whereas OMC increases in each material. The CBR value increases with addition of SCBA till 20%, the CBR value increases and it decreases with further addition of SCBA beyond 20% to 30% for both soaked and unsoaked condition.

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The objective of Earthquake Engineering is to design a structure in such manner so that the damage of structure or structural member during earthquake is minimized. The paper aims the review on the different methods for the seismic analysis of the Elevated Storage Reservoir (ESR) as it may be dynamic or static and it can be linear or nonlinear in terms of geometry or material. Response spectrum and time history are dynamic analysis whereas seismic coefficient and pushover analysis are the static seismic analysis methods. This paper is attempted to understand the basic fundamental of the static pushover analysis with respect to other methods and the review of differential studies of seismic analysis available in the literature on seismic analysis of ESR.

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Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is an emergent technology and is popular research area. VANET is basically a network with each other, by devices here referring as “vehicles”. The communication among these vehicles is very fast thus forms ad-hoc network, VANET is highly dynamic in nature, attacks are easily deployed in it. Vehicles communication is based on Trust. Trust between vehicles is very essential in such scenarios, vehicle while communicating depend on trust created by other vehicles. If they do not trust on each other than the path for communication is not proper. Trusted Location Selection in Vehicular ad-hoc Network have problem that if number of malicious node increase in network so all vehicle follow wrong route or there is no method to identify this problem by existing work. Overcome with existing work we propose a “Find secure location using AODV trust calculation in VANET” in this thesis we create three scenario and for these scenario we calculate trust for each vehicles trust calculation is done either direct or indirect method and in case of when direct or indirect trust not working trust calculated by trusted authority.

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The present work is based on the motivation to bring the technique of hot air welding so as to weld plastic materials such as poly vinyl chloride (PVC) etc. As the hot air welding is an environment friendly joining process. Through this paper an initiative is taken to introduce this recent technology of hot air welding in the workshop level because hot air welding of plastics is not common in general. In the present work, we have fabricated hot air welding setup for exploring and sharing such a nice invention to humanity given by Robert. C. Reinhardt in 1940. An initiative has been taken to fabricate low cost setup of hot air welding because the actual machine of hot air welding is very expensive and costly. The experiment was performed on the fabricated setup and the samples of PVC plastic were successfully joined through hot air welding technique. After successful joining, the welded samples were tested for tensile strength, hardness and cross breaking load (bending test) and it was found that the samples were safe after the testing which shows the reliability of welded joint and opens the door for young minds to work further on this technique.

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The past earthquakes in which many reinforced concrete structures were severely damaged have indicated the need for evaluating the seismic adequacy of buildings. In particular, the seismic rehabilitation of older concrete structures in high seismicity areas is a matter of growing concern and an acceptable level of safety must be established. To make such an assessment, simplified linear-elastic methods are not adequate. Thus here we carried out the project using non-linear elastic method called as Pushover analysis which helps to assess the damage vulnerability of buildings. Earthquakes are most devastating natural hazards in terms of life and property of any region. The behavior of the structure greatly depends on size, shape and geometry of that structure i.e, vertical and horizontal irregularities and path of load transferring to the supporting ground. Irregularity in building attracts forces which lead to stress concentration at the point of irregularity; subsequently it leads to localized failure of that structure. The present study focuses on seismic performance of irregular RC models having irregularities i.e. plan re-entrant corner irregularity. For this purpose ETABS a finite element software has been used. Here 3-D RC models are modeled and analyzed for seismic zones IV and V. Roof displacement; Base shear carried; performance points; number of hinges formed are the parameters used to quantify the performance of the structure.

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Nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles were prepared by Thermal Decomposition method. Thermal decomposition or thermolysis is a chemical decomposition caused by heat. Thermal decomposition was thoroughly studied in order to control the particles size of the as-prepared NiO Nano powders. Transition metal oxides and metals have been researched extensively due to their interesting catalytic, electronic and magnetic properties. It has more applications like electro chromic coatings, plastics, textiles, nanowires, Nano fibers and specific alloy and catalyst applications. It is also used in active optical filters, ceramic structure, p-type transparent conductive films and energy efficient smart windows. The synthesized nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles were subjects to various studies like X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and Fourier Transfer Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

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Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) are the thin film low cost solar cells. It is based on the semiconductor formed between photo sensitized anode and electrolyte. It is a photo electrochemical system. DSSC are simple to make, flexible and transparent. The price to performance ratio is good. DSSC Consist of Transparent Conductive oxide (TCO) glass, Dye sensitized Nanoparticle, electrolyte and counter-electrode. Conversion efficiency depends on type of electrolyte used, materials which curbs recombination, type of dye and Nanoparticles. This study brings various possible arrangements of TCO and organic and natural dye sensitization of Nanoparticles and various electrolyte used in DSSC. By modifying a various component the conversion efficiency of the DSSC are increased. This study focuses on various strategies followed to increase conversion efficiency.

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As the advancement in the technology some new material are comes in a trend which offers high strength, hardness and resistance to heat. Face milling is a very common method for metal cutting and the finishing of machined parts. The input machining parameters being consider in this research are spindle speed, tool feed and depth of cut. The stainless steel 202 used as work piece. The tool used for the face milling operation is High Speed Steel face milling cutter. The Taguchi's L16 orthogonal array has been used to design the combinations of parameters for the experiments. The surface roughness of SS 202 has been measured after face milling operations and also material removal rate has been measured after the operations. The machining experiments are performed on Computer Numerical Control Vertical Milling Machine (640). Grey Relational analysis is used for finding the optimal values from the all experimental values. The optimum levels of input parameters have been found by Grey analysis are spindle speed 2000 rpm, 400 mm/rev tool feed and 0.2 mm depth of cut for maximum material removal rate and minimum surface roughness.

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A heat exchanger is a device, which transfer internal thermal energy between two or more fluids at different temperature. Without this essential piece of equipment most industrial process would be impossible. Heat exchangers are widely used in refrigeration air conditioning, and chemical plants. They can be employed in various uses, for instance, to effectively transmit heat from one fluid to the other. Shell-and-tube heat exchangers (STHXs) are widely applied in various industrial fields such as petroleum refining, power generation and chemical process, etc. Tremendous efforts have been made to improve the performances on the tube side.In this project experimental performance is done on the fixed designed STHX and calculate the heat transfer coefficient and effectiveness. Validation is to be carried out using which gives the result comparison with that of experimental result.Here flow parameters are not varied but size and number of tubes are varied and best efficient model is selected as Optimized value. 3 different number of tubes are used with same shell size remaining same. 40 tubes , 32 tubes and 36 tubes were tried . It's been observed for same input temperatures and mass flow rates for three different models one with 36 tubes , 32 tubes model &other with 40 tubes, the temperature variation in 36 tubes is more and also requires less tubes compared to 40 tube model. so it is more effective than tubes model.

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The aim of this project is experimental analysis of Hydrodynamic journal bearing with Nano particle added lubricating oil. The dynamic analysis of hydrodynamic solid journal bearing operating under nano lubricants will be presented in this paper. The load carrying capacity of solid journal bearing mainly depends upon the viscosity of the Lubricant being used. The addition of nano particles on commercial lubricants may enhance the viscosity of lubricant and in turn changes the performance characteristics. In the proposed work is about to obtain pressure distribution in the clearance space of the solid journal bearing.

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Watershed planning and management are fundamental for food security, environmental conservation, economic development and livelihoods. In any basin, water is utilized by different land cover and land uses. Up to date information about these Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) classes provide essential information on the water flow path. Accurate land use and land cover (LULC) maps can be effective tools to help soil erosion control efforts, run off estimation etc. 12 sub watersheds in Belgaum District have been extracted from LISS IV image and supervised image classification with maximum likelihood classification algorithm was used to map the land-use/cover classes. Field visits are carried out on the area that is being mapped and collected data that can be used to train the algorithm to evaluate the land cover map and estimate the accuracy of the individual classes. Based on the results from filed visit 12 sub watersheds are classified.

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In this paper we are study of face annotation which are noisy images get on internet. The contest part of face annotation is management of most similar facial images and their noisy images. To overcome this problem, we suggest an unsupervised label refinement (ULR) technic for refining the labels of web facial images using machine learning techniques. Auto face annotation can be useful in various real world applications like Facebook. The main goal of face image annotation process is automatic allot associate label to images.

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An integrated double buck-boost converter circuit, which can act as a high power factor, low output current ripple, and good efficiency driver for power LED lamps. The input stage is based on the integration of buck boost converter which performs power factor correction (PFC) from a universal ac source, using the PWM operation mode as a control loop. The integrated double buck-boost (IDBB) converter features one controlled switch and two inductors that supply a solid-state lamp from the mains, providing high power factor and good efficiency. In this project, the IDBB converter is analyzed with and without Control algorithm (PI controller), and a design methodology is proposed using Matlab. It is demonstrated that, with a careful design of the converter, the filter capacitances can be made small enough so that film capacitors may be used. The results obtained using PI controller and fuzzy logic controller for the same circuit are compared and are presented which validates high input power factor and superior control over the output voltage.

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The kinetics mechanistic studied of BPBC with Cobalt (III) bound and unbound complexes of α-hydroxy acid in micellar medium at 323 K in 50% acetic acid 50 % water. In this reaction the rate of oxidation shows pseudo first order kinetics each in Cobalt (III)] and BPBC. It rules out the synchronous C-C bond fission and electron transfer to Cobalt (III) centre. With increasing micelles concentration an increase in the rate is observed. Oxidation of Cobalt (III) complexes increases with increase in temperature. The kinetic and stoichiometric results have been accounted by a suitable mechanism.

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Thrown in situ cementing is the most every now and again utilized materials innovation worldwide with its creation in auxiliary edges. In India, this innovation overwhelms the business sector however is tested by other aggressive generation routines. The feedback concerns issues with respect to example short section compasses (restricted adaptability for future repair), long generation times, unfortunate workplace and indoor air issues. A hefty portion of these hindrances are because of the way that by custom normal second rate concrete is utilized as a part of development field. Broad concrete materials research on SCC has uncovered chances to counter the feedback of cast in situ concrete, however the innovations are not yet used in vast degree. The examination venture goes for researching the capability of SCC for aggressive creation, basic plan and capacity of auxiliary edges of cast in-situ concrete. For quite a while, the issue of the strength of concrete structures has been a noteworthy issue postured to builds. To make strong concrete structures, adequate compaction is required. Compaction for traditional concrete is finished by vibrating. Over vibration can without much of a stretch reason isolation. In customary concrete, it is hard to guarantee uniform material quality and great thickness in vigorously strengthened areas. On the off chance that steel is not legitimately encompassed by concrete it prompts auxiliary and toughness issues. This is the issue primarily with intensely strengthened segments where a high clog of support is seen. For this situation, it turns out to be to a great degree hard to reduced the concrete. At that point what should be possible to abstain from honeycombing?. The response to the issue might be a sort of concrete which can get compacted into each side of structure work and hole between steel, absolutely by method for its own weight and without the requirement for compaction. The SCC idea was required to defeat these challenges. The SCC idea can be expressed as the concrete that meets unique execution and consistency necessities that can't generally be gotten by utilizing routine fixings, typical blending strategy and curing hones. The SCC is a built material comprising of bond, totals, water and admixtures with a few new constituents like colloidal silica, pozzolanic materials, substance admixtures to deal with particular necessities ,, for example, high-flowability, compressive quality, high workability, improved resistances to synthetic or mechanical hassles, lower porousness, sturdiness, resistance against isolation, and probability under thick fortification conditions. The properties, for example, ease and high imperviousness to isolation empowers the position of concrete without vibrations and with decreased work, clamor and a great deal less wear and tear of hardware. Utilization of SCC conquers the issue of concrete position in intensely strengthened areas and it abbreviates development period. Self compacting concrete is becoming quickly, particularly in the precast business sector where its focal points are quickly comprehended and used. Superplasticiser improves deformability and with the decrease of water, additionally powder isolation resistance is expanded. High deformability and high isolation resistance is acquired by constraining the measure of coarse total. On the other hand, the high measurements of super-plasticizer utilized for diminishment of the water content and for better workability, the high powder content as "ointment" for the coarse totals, and also the consistency specialists. Article demonstrates how self compacting concrete is valuable in making fast and solid concrete. How self compacting can enhance the sturdiness, quality and pace of development, what is the genuine capability of SCC tending to specialized/down to earth and temperate issues.

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Wireless Sensor Networks forms an integral part of modern society. These are the networks that form the backbone of various types of modern aminities whether it is automatic fire fighting system, theft alarm, wildlife habitat monitoring or the real time adjustable temperature and humidity controller of an air flow system in a mall. The physical and MAC layer specifications for WSN are specified in IEEE 802.15.4 specifications. For real time wireless sensor networks, the underlying MAC layer data transmissions comes with GTS or Guaranteed Time Slots so that the time critical packets can be delivered to the destination with bounded delays. However, the mechanism followed for contention access period is CSMA with CD and CA in diversified implementations. The CCA is the most critical aspect of CSMA/CA. This paper attempts to model the throughput and performance of MAC under GTS and various values of backoff exponent for Clear Channel Assessment.

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Word reuses intends to recreate any waste item and aggregate is utilized as a part of cement to supply compel and together it implies an aggregate made with waste material which will be connected in cement. Block aggregate is gotten from annihilated solid structures. At the point when any solid structure is destroyed, the parts annihilated of solid structure can utilized as block aggregate and earthenware waste is a waste from clay commercial enterprises.. In this research article property of M 40 concrete is determined when coarse aggregate is replaced by Brick aggregate and Ceramic waste.

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Tie rods or Track rods are an integral part of vehicle’s steering system. Tie rod ties vehicle’s steering rack to the steering arm. Tie rod may get fail due to varying forces and bumping of vehicle during steering. The forces from the steering are also considered during the static condition of car. Vibration and buckling of Tie rod has been continuously a concern which may lead to structural failure if the resulting vibration and stresses are undesirable and excessive. Present paper is aimed to assess buckling strength and compare buckling performance of Tie rod for different proposed dimension of Tie rod with constant length and same material. Finite element models of the Tie rod also analyzed to obtain stiffness and stress distributions in it. The mode shape and natural frequency results for different proposed dimensions of tie rod obtained in the normal modal analysis and in buckling analysis, the buckling load factor obtained for that tie rod are compared and critical buckling load is calculated. Results getting from the Finite element analysis are validated by using the theoretical results.

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The past few decades have witnessed the rapid progress of technology, engulfing all the aspects of human existence. The assistance of technology in man’s mundane as well as specialized activities has rendered it a part & parcel of his life. With the advancement of technology the professional and personal information is now stored digitally in the memory of IC chips. Such vital information cannot be guarded against frauds through lock & key. In order to ensure denial of access to classified data by unauthorized persons, passwords & secret codes were implemented. But the security tools like smart cards, magnetic stripe cards & physical keys can be lost, stolen or duplicated. Passwords can be forgotten, shared or unintentionally observed by a third party. Instead of guaranteeing a foolproof security system these tools become a nuisance for the users. The most rapidly emerging technology for security system is the BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY. Biometric user authentication techniques can be used to protect PCs & Networks from unauthorized access by authenticating users based on a physical feature such as fingerprints, retina, iris, hand or face. Biometrics is a means of using parts of human body as a kind of permanent password. Biometrics turns your face, hand or eye into your badge of identity. We attempt to find the best solution in different situations & compare the pros & cons.

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Neural network may be a branch of the final field of intelligent management that is predicated on the conception of computer science. Neural controller will operate at totally different completely different} conditions of load current at different orbital periods with none standardization such just in case of pelvic inflammatory disease controller. During this a lift convertor is employed. The controlled boost convertor is employed as Associate in tending interface between electrical phenomenon (PV) panels and also the hundreds connected to them. It converts any input voltage among its operational vary into a continuing output voltage that's appropriate for load feeding. Associate in Nursing ANN is trained employing a back propagation with Levenberg–Marquardt formula. Neural network controller design offers satisfactory result with little variety of nerve cells, thence battery in terms of memory and time square measure needed for neural network controller implementation. To implement the neural network into hardware style, it's needed to translate generated mode into device structure. VHDL language is employed to explain those networks into hardware. Satellite earth stations that settled in remote square measure as are the foremost necessary application of renewable energy. The results indicate that the planned management unit exploitation ANN is with success used for dominant the satellite earth station grid. With low exactitude artificial neural network style, FPGAs have smaller size and better speed for real time application than the DSP and VLSI chips the most effective validation performance is obtained for minimum mean sq. error. The regression between the network output and also the corresponding target is adequate to ninety nine which implies a high accuracy. The result shows that smart agreement between MATLAB.

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