In the present world of automobile, gear shifting system are manually and automatic. Gear shifting system is important in automobile to vary the speed. So automatic gear shifting system is costly than manually gear shifts system but manually gear shifting system is difficult to understand for handicap people or it take physical effort to change gear. To overcome this disadvantage we try to apply touch screen based automatic gear shifting system. In that system by touch on touch screen panel gear is shift. By applying this gear shifting system it gives cost reduction in compare of automatic gear shift system and flexible or simple then manually gear shift system, and by applying this system on automobile it’s easier to drive car for everyone. It also reduces the possibility of transmission error of manual gear system. The purpose of this research is to reduce physical effort of human being and they can concentrate only in driving and prevent the accidents. In present report we studied literature review baised on this review we define transmission system and gear shifting mechanism to modify a manual gear shifting mechanism.

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A briquette is a compressed block of coal dust or other combustible biomass material such as charcoal, sawdust, wood chips, peat, or paper used for fuel and kindling to start a fire. The present study deals with determination of physical and combustion characteristics like length, diameter, mass, density, compressive strength, shearing strength, moisture contents, total ash contents, fixed carbon, volatile matter, gross calorific value of Sawdust briquette. Briquette quality is evaluated mainly by briquette density. Briquette density is very important beginning the viewpoint of manipulation, burning speed, briquette durability, etc. During our studies, theoretical analyses of parameters which have an impact on briquette quality are conducted. The compression test and shear test were conducted using manual compression machine.

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The Green cities or Smart cities mission intends to promote adoption of solution of efficient use of available assets to enable to give quality of life and sustainable environment. There are innumerable assets and aspects that go in to making of these smart cities. As one of the most essential assets of cities is proximity to their waterfront that manifests distinct relationship between people and natural environment. Cities envision their waterfronts as dynamic destinations for people. The structure of cities is linked to the water bodies that contribute to their beginning and their subsequent development. The relationship between waterfront and city is always changing depending on the functions carried out on adjoining land. The concern here is, structure of the city does not respond to their waterfront in recent development. Thus focus of this study is to understand the waterfront and its relationship to the city in the present Indian context, considering the different stages of the evolution period. The study identifies the factors that establish the relationship and determine how these factors affect the relation. These are; nature of waterfront includes edge condition, water quality and impact of floods. Another aspect is land use components comprising of the functional use and the activity pattern. Further are physical accessibility, visual and interpretive accessibility; the built form along the waterfront and response of people. This study determines the reasons that affect in establishing the interrelation are; limitation in implementation of policies; lack of initial decision in planning and uncontrolled development; unhygienic condition of the water bodies due to pollution and frequent flooding. This study brings forth alarming situations and provides recommendations to the critical issues to be taken care of; to create inseparable relationship between city and waterfront. These thoughts can serve as the framework for any waterfront seeking to establish interrelation and it can positively contribute to bridge the gap while considering the holistic approach where the relation between city and waterfront can strongly be improved and re-established to achieve sustainable cities.

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Dielectric properties of silver ion induced Poly vinylidene chloride (PVDC) were examined. Dielectric constant (ε′) for pristine and irradiated samples has been calculated, which increases with the increase fluence, ranging from 1x1011 to 1x1012 ions/cm2

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In this review paper various current processing applications using current differencing buffered amplifier has been studied. Also the CMOS realization of the current differencing buffer amplifier (CDBA) shown. The circuit shown in the paper is for different applications. Results for application are verified on simulation tool but here only circuits have been shown.

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Material handling systems is used for continuous movement of material from one point to another. They are uncommon in service systems. Material is conveyed everywhere in a factory or warehouse—before, during, and after processing. Material handling work should be minimized without compromising production or the level of quality required of the operation. Material handling operations should be mechanized and/or automated where feasible to improve operational efficiency, increase reaction, improve uniformity and unavoidability, decrease operating costs, and eliminate recurring or potentially unsafe manual labor. The intelligent system approach to selection of conveyor provides advantages of unbiased decision making, greater availability, faster response, and reduced cost as compared to human experts. This paper discuss the design and analysis of material handling system- Conveyor system

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This paper describes the literature review of a DESIGN AND VALIDATION OF STORAGE TANK. Concept of 10 kl glucose storage tank is ready in AUTOCAD. Using the analytical method as per ASME code we are require FEA validation for production of tank. Main purpose of this analysis is to validate the tank structure for its strength, optimized sections, life and process flow for operating condition as well as test condition. The main objective of this paper is to design and analysis of multilayer high pressure tank features of multilayered high pressure tank. Various parameters of Solid process tank are designed and checked according to the principles specified in American Society of Mechanical Engineers (A.S.M.E). The stresses developed in Solid Multilayer storage tank is analyzed by using ANSYS, a versatile Finite Element Package.

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With the advancement of technology things are becoming simple and easier for us. Color measurement is important for a very wide range of industrial applications including paint, paper, printing, photography, textiles, and plastics. A simple smart hardware embedded into a small lightweight device used for color recognition, which has limited area of equipment. The integrated photodiode with transimpedance amplifier converts the color into voltage. The photodiode output voltage is applied to Microcontroller using analog to digital converter, output is displayed on the liquid crystal display. The microcontroller program controls the ADC and LCD. A simple, precise and inexpensive Microcontroller P89C51RD2 based Instrument set up has been designed, developed to find the Color. Hardware and software are developed for color recognition.

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Abstract— Sheet metal is simply metal formed into thin and flat pieces. It is one of the fundamental forms used in metalworking and can be cut and bent into a variety of different shapes. Countless everyday objects are constructed with sheet metal. Thicknesses can vary significantly; extremely thin thicknesses are considered foil or leaf, and pieces thicker than 6 mm (0.25 in) are considered plate. Embossing and debossing are similar processes that create a different result. Both processes involve making a metal plate and counter. The plate is mounted on a press and the paper is stamped between the plate and counter. This force of pressure pushes the stock into the plate creating the impression. Embossing creates a raised impression on stock – pushes the image above the level of the paper. Debossing is the reverse of embossing. Debossing creates a depressed impression on stock – pushes the image below the level of the paper.

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The growth of mechanical industries depends on its productivity & quality. The decision making of company is largely based on the motives of improving traditional manufacturing practices to result in to major advantages like, reduced manufacturing lead times, fool-proofing of methods of processing & consistent results on a long run. In case of mass production where job variety is less and quantity produced is large, it is very important to produce faster job production. This paper includes case study and comparison of component using traditional radial drilling machine and SPM for drilling and tapping operations. The special purpose machine is used for drilling two holes of Ø5 and M6x1 tapping for those two holes. The following studies are carried out 1. Time saved by component loading and unloading on indexing unit, 2. Increase qualitative and quantitative productivity, 3. Minimum human intervention, 4. Minimum rejection due to automatic control, 5. Enhance the profit of organization.

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CNG is well known for replacement of Fossil Fuel and lower Emission. The project Aim is enable use of Natural gas at higher compression ratio. It can be achieved by Dual Fuel Engine. The research on Dual Fuel is carried out to reduce Dependence of CI engine on Diesel Fuel. Natural gas is used as main Fuel and Diesel is used as pilot fuel to initiate combustion. According to literature survey, Performance and Emission of Dual Fuel engine varied according to the Amount of CNG. So the substitution is varied in order to achieve better performance and reduce emission. In this work, Effect of CNG substitution on Performance and Emission is studied and compared with conventional Diesel Engine.

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Data mining is increasing important technology. In Data mining, collection of large amount data is hidden. This technology is used for extracting useful knowledge hidden from large collection of data. The main two issues in data mining are privacy violation and discrimination. This technique is used in data mining for decision making in various classification. In real life observation, the majority people do not want to be discriminated base on their gender, nationality, religion, age and so on. This types of attributes is used for decision making purpose such as giving job, loan, insurance etc. so that discrimination issue is arise. For that reason to find such attributes and deleting them from training data without affecting their decision making utility important. Discrimination is two types’ direct discrimination and indirect discrimination. Direct discrimination occur when decision making utility is based on some sensitive attributes like race, religion, gender etc. Indirect discrimination occurs when decision making utility is based on non-sensitive attributes which are related to sensitive attributes. There are many new method propose for solving discrimination prevention problem by applying direct or indirect prevention one by one or both at same time. We discuss about how to clean training data sets and out sourced data sets in such way that direct and/or indirect discriminatory rules are converted to non-discriminatory rule. The propose system prevent the discrimination without affecting the data quality. In this paper, we mainly focus on anti-discrimination or hybrid approach (preferential sampling and direct and indirect discrimination) which helps to detect and prevent discrimination

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Abstract— Road traffic congestion is a recurring problem worldwide. In India, a fast growing economy, the problem is acutely felt in almost all major cities. This is primarily because infrastructure growth is slow compared to growth in number of vehicles, due to space and cost constraints. Building new roads to meet the demand is now not a feasible solution. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study of all available Intelligent Transportation Systems, including both research prototypes and deployed systems. National Expressway N.E-1 is considered as a case study and the implementations of these technologies on N.E-1 have been discussed.

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It is the application of data mining techniques on the web data to solve the problems to extracting useful information. As the information in the internet increases, the search engines lack the efficiency of providing relevant and required information. This project proposes an approach for the web content mining using the algorithm. The aim of our project is the pattern classification of dataset and analysis the data on E-commerce business or organization websites.

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The Growth rate of the internet exceeds day by day and with this, there is a very obvious need to protecting sensitive data from getting leak or misused anyway. Currently there are many techniques of encryption and decryption out there for audio as well as text data. This paper focuses on Encryption and Decryption Techniques for audio and text knowledge. This presents a literature survey Encryption technique that are used for encoding on Audio and Text Data.

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Abstract— The number plate recognition framework utilized for various applications, for example, unattended parking garages, security control of limited regions, traffic law implementation and programmed toll gathering. In such framework it catches the picture of vehicle number plate and distinguishes the numbers from the number plate consequently. By utilizing that it can recognizes the proprietor of that vehicle. This uses image processing techniques. The developed algorithm is based on two basic processing stages; locating the license plate and identifying the individual digits and characters in the license plate.

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IPR is planning to develop an indigenous Liquid Helium Refrigeration/Liquefaction Plant. So, at the end of the Liquefaction process when the Liquid Helium is Produced, it is required to store. And from that it is used for different application and the generated He vapor is resupplied to the plant for the further liquefaction. So, to store this produced liquid helium, Liquid Helium Dewar will be used. The proposed Liquid helium (LHe) Dewar is to store liquid helium of 1000 liters. This LHe storage Dewar should be designed such that the heat leak will as minimum as possible. To reduce heat leaks, it is planned to use vacuum and multilayer insulations (MLI). The vacuum space between inner and outer shell should have vacuum of 10-5 mbar or lower. The support structures of the inner shell which will carry the LHe need to be done considering the mechanical stress and low heat leaks. Appropriate ports should be included for vacuum pumping, safety valve and burst disc connection for pressure release, LHe and vapor process line connections, instrumentation connections. Requirements of these equipments also have to be worked out to find overall specs for procurement. The Dewar can be of vertical configuration having cylindrical shell with top and bottom dish ends.

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A connected graph G is said to be (a,d)-antimagic, for some positive integers a and d, if its edges admit a labeling with the integers 1,2, ..., |E(G)| such that the induced vertex labels forms an arithmetic progression with the first term a and the common difference d. In this paper we have investigated a new S-(a,d)-antimagic labeling of Circulant graphs G[n,±{1,2}], n odd where n≥5.

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this particular system is used to protect the sensitive data of an organization that they are maintaining in their day to day life. This system prevents the misuse of confidential data from authorized user. Before this system is introduced, Access Control Mechanisms is used that assures only that the authorized information is accessed by the user, However, Confidential information can still be misused by authorized users to compromise the privacy of consumers. This concept of privacy-preservation for sensitive data requires the enforcement of several privacy policies and/or the protection against identity disclosure by satisfying some privacy requirements.

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According to previous research work exhibiting desirable properties including orientation selectivity or spatial locality in the face recognition system has found as the major change in the face images, Neural Networks have suffering from limited shortcomings which imbalanced crucially characteristics and Neural Network helps to size representation of a given face pattern, therefore among these shortcomings may match to the fact. However, various filters are not orthogonal in specified order for all and one to another for attained the correlated probability. This makes more suitable information which contained in the Neural Network face representation redundant as well as affects the size of face representation where to overcome problem. In this review paper, we have reviewed problem and related techniques to deploy illumination of light in the face images as it employ to various combination in face representation.

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Soil stabilization is a technique aimed at increasing or maintaining the stability of a soil mass or otherwise improving its engineering properties. In the present investigation, the behavior of Black Cotton (BC) soil with and without stabilization was studied. A chemical named Terrasil was used as stabilizer. Cement has also been used as a stabilizer. In this study soil with variable dosages were tested for stabilization process and strength of the stabilized soil has been evaluated after curing period. The tests were carried out to determine the consistency limits, CBR value of the soil specimens with and without stabilizers for a curing period.

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In this project, we introduced the MEMS based Railway track surveying system. MEMS are Micro Electro Mechanical switch are small integrated devices or system that combine electrical and mechanical components. the MEMS detect the surface irregularities and detects the shakes. In this project, the proposed track position detection system automatically detects the compared with the traditional detection techniques. The advantage of include less cost, less power consumption, and less analysis time.by this design system exact position of track tilt locate via GPS. To communicate the received information we make use of GSM modem. GSM model is collecting the latitude and longitude data and send to Railway authority board via SMS.

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This paper provide recent developments carried out on solar collector for heat transfer enhancement by using passive heat transfer techniques, which includes inserts, metal foam, geometry of absorber plate and other various things that have been done for performance improvement of the solar collector. This paper corresponds to an extensive study of the research carried out on solar thermal collector. In the present paper, experimental and theoretical developments in the field of thermal solar collector have been studied thoroughly.

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Wireless communication is exposed to signal jamming attacks. Spread spectrum mitigates such problem by scattering narrowband signals over an much wider band frequencies and forcing jammers. In broadcast systems, jammers can easily find out the spread pattern by some receivers. In most wireless networks, nodes can only be limited local information about the state of the network. Wireless networks have the characteristics of broadcast, which brings the nuisance for illegal users to interfere the network or even attack the network. Therefore a series of network problems arise. The open nature of wireless network leaves it to malicious threats. We address the problem of jamming-resistant broadcast communications. For a jamming scene with one transmitter, one receiver and a jammer In the literatures of both eavesdropping and jammer, the threats are caused by the single malicious jammer. In a supplementary analysis, the transmitter and the malicious jammer relay can select the appropriate rate to send signals to increase or reduce the secrecy rate. Wireless networks enable a wealth of commercial, tactical and social applications ranging from single point to point voice communications, information retrieval, monetary transactions, environment monitoring, social networking, navigation and jamming. Many of these applications target users who access the numerous network services via their devices. We propose time-delayed broadcast scheme (TDBS) which makes the broadcast in an unicast communication series. Each node follows an unique pseudo-noise (PN) frequency hopping sequence. We map the problem of constructing PN sequences to the 1-factorization problem for complete graphs. We also accommodate dynamic broadcast groups by mapping the updating the assigned PN sequences.

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Porometry is a characterization technique based on the displacement of a wetting liquid from the sample pores by applying a gas at increasing pressure. It is widely used to measure minimum, maximum (or first bubble point) and mean flow pore sizes, and pore size distribution of the through pores. Porometry instruments are widely used to measure pore sizes of material for application areas like Acoustics, Fabrics, Medical instruments, Defense and Filters. The Porometry instruments are mainly categorized in two areas. First one is Analog Porometry instruments & Second one is Digital Porometry instruments. In this paper the overview of these instruments, their basic block diagrams and its advantages & disadvantages are given. Some aspects of digital Porometry instruments are also discussed.

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