In the age of globalization and industrialization, the world is proceeding with the new techniques in all the fields. Cultural heritage is the gift of physical artifacts and insubstantial attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations, sustained in the present and bestowed for the benefit of future generations. The paper present on the Vernacular Architecture of Ladakh, which people are forgetting in today’s time and adapting the modern techniques of construction, which is not blending with the local architecture of Ladakh in terms of aesthetics and climate. Moreover, the existing old structures needs to be restored and maintained to retain the sanctity of Vernacular Architecture of Ladakh. All effort is done for grading of heritage buildings for effective protection and conservation of heritage monuments.

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Very long instruction word processors are increasingly employed in a large range of embedded signal processing which is provide high performances with reduced clock rate and power consumption. Software-based self-test (SBST) methods are consolidated and effective solution to detect faults in the processors both at the end of the production phase or operational life. In this report we present a new method for automatic generation of efficient test programs specifically oriented to VLIW processors. The proposed method based on generic SBST algorithms automatically generates effective test programs. It is able to reach the detect fault, while minimizing the test duration and test code size. The method consists of four types of methods and can deal with different VLIW processor models. The main goal of the project is to show that in the case of VLIW processors, it is automatically generate an effective test program able to detect fault with minimal test time and required resources.

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Power generation and its use is one of the issues. Now-a-days numbers of power sources are present non-renewable & renewable, but still we can’t overcome our power needs. Among these human population is one of the resources. In this project we are doing generation of power by walking or running. Power can be generated by walking on the stairs. The generated power will be stored and then we can use it for domestic purpose. This system can be installed at homes, schools, colleges, where the people move around the clock. When people walk on the steps or that of platform, power is generated by using weight of person. The control mechanism carries piezoelectric sensor, this mechanical energy applied on the crystal into electrical energy. When there is some vibrations, stress or straining force exert by foot on flat platform. It can be used for charging devices e.g. laptop, mobile, etc. The generated power is first applied to booster and output from piezoelectric is increased and given to the battery through unidirectional current controller and ac ripple neutralizer. Output from battery is used for various applications using inverter to convert DC into AC. In this paper we are discussing about applications and generations of electricity in the area of power harvesting.

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A heat exchangers of water is proposed with simplified model for the study of thermal analysis of shell-and-tubes. Shell and Tube heat exchangers are having special significance in boilers, Power plants, condensers, turbines. This research work focus on computational fluid dynamics analysis of shell and tube heat exchanger. In this research work we have shown how the heat transmission rate change by changing the flow of water it will be counter flow or parallel flow with varying its molding design. The 3D modeling of the shell and tube heat exchanger is designed in INVENTER PROFESSIONAL and its analysis is done in ANSYS-FLUENT 14.5 and 15. We make the design better by providing the fin of circular shape with baffles and without baffles making the flow counter and parallel. During the 400mm segment of the shell we provide 84 fins and 4 baffles with 7 tubes which make the heat exchanger performance better than ordinary shell and tube Heat exchanger. The Results Shows that the Maximum heat transmission take place in the circular fin with baffle having the counter flow of the water, which provide more time for the flow of water for heat transmission in a wavy form and large surface area for the heat dissipation for the cooling of water.

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The waste produced by paper mill industries is being dumped at greater extent now-a-days, so the use of this waste for the beneficial causes could help to minimize the risk of degradation of environment. This paper deals with the waste produced from the paper mill industry in terms of Hypo Sludge Ash (HSA) as a replacement to cement. This Hypo Sludge Ash is used as a replacement to cement in varying proportions such as 0%,5%,10%,15%,20% and very convincing results were obtained. M-25 grade concrete is used and accordingly mix design is prepared. Two tests are performed for testing the efficiency of concrete. Concrete cubes of size 150*150*150mm is prepared for calculation of compressive test using compression testing machine (CTM), with curing at 7,14, 28 days and concrete beams of size 100*100*500 mm is prepared for Flexural testing using Flexural Testing Machine (FTM) for curing at 28 days. It was found that compressive strength and flexural strength increased at 5%, 10% replacement of cement with Hypo Sludge Ash.

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Soil Solarization is the method of heating soil by covering it with thin (25-100 micron) transparent polyethylene sheet during hottest period of the year for at least 4-6 weeks to reduce soil born pathogens, pests and control weed population. In this paper literature relevant to the usefulness of the process and proper procedure for conducting the process has been reviewed. The review includes broad topics principles of soil solarization, factors effecting soil temperature, effect of soil solarization on weed & plant diseases control and crop growth & yield. It has been reported that soil solarization also helps in process like seed germination, seedling emergence, root development, nutrient uptake and the microbial activity. It is non-chemical method hence non-hazardous to the users and does not involve substances toxic to the consumer, to the host plant or to the other organism.

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PID is widely common for a feedback used in a control system process. It is also used for an industries & techniques. This application is mainly used to determine the speed Control of a Dc motor. It can be lead to instability of a closed loop control system. Mainly, our paper how DC motor can be controlled by using a PID controller in LABVIEW. A Motor, will be interface with LABIEW software using an arduino Uno board kit. It will be mostly plays a role in data acquisition board. Actually, Speed of a Dc motor will be set by created a graphic user interface for PID controller in LABVIEW Software. Here, the software it will be turn pass this speed to dc motor using a PWM pins on the arduino board. Tachometer is a sensor which measure the speed of revolutions. From a tachometer the output is sent back of a PID controller using arduino Uno board kit. Suppose, the speed will not be same mean the controller will be try to minimize the error and bring a motor to set point value

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This paper presents the design and development of antennas for various applications with suitable frequencies. With the development of many different wireless communication standards to design the antenna is an important role of communications. A suitable antenna design technique is as an important role in recent world for the wireless applications such as Global Positioning System (GPS), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WIMAX) and Wireless Area Network Standards (WLAN). The antenna should have low profile, light weight and easy to fabricate for broadband characteristics. Also, it should have very good performance in impedance bandwidth, radiation efficiency, gain, return loss and electromagnetic interference.

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This electronic document gives the overview of Advanced Pattern Based Authentication System. This is an android application which have pattern based authentication with advantage of overlapping the pattern points 5 times each at a time. So, this is how the security of the mobile phone is maintained.

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Solar energy is a very large, inexhaustible source of energy. The power from the sun intercepted but the earth is tremendously larger than the present consumption rate on the earth of all commercial energy sources.This solar water heater can be used in the region where the salt content in the water is more. scale formation in collector tubes in conventional solar water heater which would reduce its efficiency. To overcome this drawback of conventional water heater we have put heat pipe as a heat collector and heat transfer medium to water .As we not need hot water continuously for 24 hrs. . In remaining time system has to perform some other function.so we have integrated the water heating with distillation unit so that we can get hot water as well as distilled water.

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In this paper we present a review of different Delay Locked Loop (DLL) based clock generator circuits. The paper briefly discusses concept of DLL and different key parameters which determine the performance of these delay locking circuits. DLL finds vast applications in communication systems and digital logic circuits. Here we have confined our study to clock generation application only. Basic idea and comparison of some of the clock generation circuits and their comparison has been carried out to find out the factors where improvement is required.

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The Travelling Salesman Problem is a traditional algorithm used to find the shortest or least path.This problem is mostly utilized in computer science to deliver packets from source to destination as there are lots of routes present in a network. This number of routes can cause congestion, delay or data loss, so utilizing Travelling Salesman Problem to find the shortest path from sender to receiver is an efficient way to transmit data with less congestion and also in less time. It is generally used to find the optimum solution for a complex network. The Travelling Salesman Problem can be solved using meta-heuristic approaches such as Ant colony optimization or genetic algorithm, however the easiest approach to solve the Travelling Salesman Problem is Nearest Neighbor Algorithm. The optimum solution of Travelling Salesman will save time and travelling expenses of a salesman. In Travelling Salesman problem, the main aim is to visit each city in a network once following the shortest path and return to the starting position.

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The Coin Based Wireless Solar Mobile charger with Embedded MPPT is a high efficient solar energy charger providing a unique service to the rural public where grid power is not available for partial or full daytime and a source of revenue for site providers. The source for charging is obtained from solar energy or direct power grid as per the availability. Maximum power point tracker battery charger is proposed here for extracting maximum power from a photovoltaic panel to charge the battery. In this project we use the concept of Resonant inductive coupling based Wireless power transfer or wireless energy transmission which is the transmission of electrical power from a power source to a consuming device without using solid wires or conductors. In wireless power transfer, a transmitter device connected to a Solar Energy source or Mains power line and, transmits power by electromagnetic fields across an intervening space to one or more mobile devices, where it is converted back to electric power and utilized for charging the mobile. This project is very useful to people who are all using mobile phone without charging condition in public places so that they can insert a coin to charge their mobile devices.

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The primary objective is to perform an experimental analysis of bladeless turbine. It is an unconventional turbine that uses fluid/air properties such as boundary layer and adhesion of fluid on series of smooth discs keyed to a shaft. Resistance to fluid/air flow between the disc plates results in energy transfer to the shaft. This turbine can be used for small scale industry to develop power with high efficiency than conventional one. Thus an analysis of the performance and efficiency of bladeless turbine is to be carried out.

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The advance technique of task offloading from Smartphone’s to the cloud is a promising strategy to increase their battery life and to enhance the computing capability of Smartphone’s. Cloud-computing enables network access configurable computing resources such as servers, storage and applications to a shared pool. However, for devices, task offloading introduces a communication cost on-demand only. These shared resources can be rapidly provisioned to the consumers, on the basis of paying for whatever consumer use only. Therefore, consideration of the communication cost is important for the task offloading effectiveness. To make task offloading beneficial, one of the challenges is the energy consumed in communication activities for estimating of task offloading. Accurate energy estimation models will enable these devices for making the right decisions as to whether or not for performing task offloading, based on the energy cost to communication activities. Simply put, if the offloading process consumes less energy than processing the task on the device, then the task is offloaded to cloud. To design an energy-aware offloading technique, the proposed scheme introduces energy models of the WLAN, Ad-hoc connection and Hotspot interfaces of Smartphone’s. These models make Smartphone’s capable of accurately estimating the energy cost of task offloading. This scheme validates the models for conducting an extensive set of experiments on some Smartphone’s from different vendors. The experimental results show that proposed estimation models accurately estimate the energy required to offload tasks.

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The traditional Edge detection algorithms such as canny edge detection requires so much calculation which makes it more time consuming. hence it is not suitable for industrial applications like damage detection because each product should be analyzed in a fraction of second so that the production rate of the industry should not affected. Hence there can be use of Artificial Neural Network for edge detection, because though it requires lot of time for training, it is very fast at simulation i.e. at application time which fulfills industry requirement for such application. This paper represents some studies done for development of such application.

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The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is an information processing paradigm. The important element of this paradigm is the novel structure of the information processing system. These days, handwritten character recognition is a difficult problem due to the great variations of writing styles, different size of the characters, etc. OCR is a technology that enables you to convert different types of documents. For e.g. scanned paper documents, PDF files or images captured by a digital camera into editable and searchable data. The whole process of recognition includes segmentation of characters into line, word and characters. While the other part include recognition through feed forward neural network. Basically, for an offline handwritten alphabetical character recognition system using multi-layer feed forward neural network, a method of feature extraction along with the data to train the artificial neural network is used.

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Android operating system is a widely used in Smartphones are the future of modern communication. To being existing of various sources for downloading applications has also to provide to universal fund to users falling prey to spiteful applications. A big obstacle in blocking the entry of spiteful applications into the Android market place is the state of being scarce of effective mechanisms to establish malicious applications. This paper presents AndroInspector, an organization for including all analysis of an Android applications using both Static and dynamic analysis techniques. Andro-inspector derives mine and analyses decisive description of Android applications via static analysis and next classifies the application using machine learning techniques. Dynamic analysis includes computerized execution of Android Applications to establish a situate of pre-defined malevolent routine performed by applications at run-time.

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Video-on-Demand includes much wider services and opportunities. Today’s technology allows telecommunication network operators to offer such services as home shopping, games, and movies on demand. Asynchronous Transfer Mode systems allow the switching of any reasonable bit rate to a single or multiple customers among a large number of connected customers. The Existing PPV services offer channel packages to the subscribers. In this system there is an agreement between the user and the subscriber. Each channel package cost will be charged after a particular period of time. The existing system offers only channel packages to the viewer as per the PPV agreement. As this offers no flexibility to the user this system can be modified to offer full flexibility. We propose a system in which the total no of hours each channel is viewed is counted for a particular period of time, say a month. In this system the user is going to pay for a channel according to the duration he viewed the channel. An embedded system is outlined for implementing the scheme and part of it has been designed using verilog & verified by simulation.

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The project presents a remote monitoring system for electrocardiographic and temperature signals and ECG with GSM modem interface capability. Our aim is to provide a solution for monitoring babies, disable or elderly people’s body temperature and initiate immediate alarm in case of hazardous cases. Heart disease is increasingly affecting human lifestyle, rehabilitation and practical devices are being carried out and created in order to reduce the disability from heart diseases.

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Performance of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) was analysed in presence of random drops and congestion. the analysis proved TCP WestwoodNR (TCP-WNR) was best to utilise the available bandwidth. TCP WestwoodNR protocol controls the window using end-to-end bandwidth estimation. This Bandwidth Estimation continuously estimates bandwidth at the TCP sender based on the packet rate of the connection by monitoring the ACK reception rate. The estimated connection rate is then used to compute congestion window and slow start threshold settings after a packet loss occurred. Resetting the window to match available bandwidth makes TCP-WNR more robust to Random loss as well as in Congestion. The conventional TCP over reacts to losses and leading to unnecessary window reduction. Experimental studies of TCP-WNR show significant improvements in throughput performance over Reno and SACK, particularly in wired networks. The traditional TCP has many drawbacks like unable to distinguish the losses and very much conservative to the initial start. In case of Time Out also it is very much conservative; the filter implementation was modified from conventional TCP-WNR. So the performance was improved based on this and the modified TCP-WNR was compared to original TCP-WNR. The results show the performance comparison of the two protocols.

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Outlier detection for categorical data sets is an important problem. It is difficult to define a similarity measure for categorical data. A formal definition of outliers and an optimization model of outlier detection, through a new concept of holoentropy that takes both entropy and total correlation are taken into consideration. Based on this model, define a function for the outlier factor of an object which is solely determined by the object itself and can be updated efficiently. The unsupervised outlier detection approach detects outliers in an unlabeled data set under the assumption that the majority of the objects in the data set are normal. Two 1-parameter outlier detection methods, named ITB-SP (Information Theory Based Single Pass) and ITB SS(Information Theory Based Step by Step), which require no user-defined parameters for deciding whether an object is an outlier is used. Algorithm implements weighted attributes and holoentropy that considers both the data distribution and attribute correlation to measure the similarity of outlier candidates in data sets. An upper bound for the number of outliers and an anomaly set of candidate set are used which allows reducing the search cost.

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to design an efficient and capable lower extremity exoskeleton with help of Theo Jansen’s strand beast mechanism. These types of exoskeletons are mainly used for rehabilitation purpose of patients who have temporarily lost their limb motor skills, which is used in physiotherapy with the help of these devices they again attain their ability to walk. One of the aspects of physiotherapy is repetitive movement of the affected limbs, thus an exoskeleton helps in this .The present exoskeletons available for lower extremities run with the help of hydraulics, pneumatics, hydro-pneumatics and complex circuitry. The exoskeleton which we have made its efficiency lies in its simplicity. It would hopefully reduce the cost drastically and would be commercially viable to common man.

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In all most all crime scenarios, the faces of the attackers or the culprits are hidden so as to hide their identities. This makes the job of the crime fighters and protectors i.e. police to get information about the real culprit difficult. For instance air flight cases where in the attackers bypass the immigration, wearing latex mask to keep their identity from being revealed. In such situations, the solution is to be able to detect the mask so that police are able to catch hold of the criminals as soon as possible. Therefore we would like to introduce a new type of camera, ‘The Mask Detection camera’, which would provide the user with an idea of the face which lies beneath latex mask i.e. if a person is disguised. The basis of this project is the temperature. This open source device will be developed to detect people wearing mask - this technology will be providing direct solution to this growing problem.

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Different empirical and semi-empirical relations to calculate ultrasonic velocity namely Nomoto’s relation, Van Deal’s and Vangeel relation, Junjie’s relation, Impedance dependence relation and Rao’s specific velocity relation have been applied on binary liquid system of Tetralin and n-Hexadecane (C10H12 + C16H34 ) at ( 293.15 , 303.15 , 313.15 , 323.15 , 333.15 and 343.15 ) K . The relative merits of afore – mentioned theories and relations compared to experimental values of velocity have been discussed in terms of percentage deviations. Chi – square test for goodness of the fit is applied to understand the relative applicability of these theories to the present system. The results are discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions between the component molecules of binary liquid system.

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