Due to lack of availability of WiMax network, video transmission on WiMax can’t be achieved in real-time. In this paper we have presented a ns-2 based emulator to evaluate the quality of multicast video service transmission over WiMax (i.e. a wireless network). The result of different types of modulation schemes and the cyclic prefix, on the throughput and video quality were seen and the performance of the proposed emulator was enhanced comparatively . The results about the emulator's performance are of great help when real-time services are taken into account. The main reason of this paper is to lay guidelines required to develop an efficient real-time multicast streaming video testbed on wireless networks, it also helps us in exploring the potentialities of a tool such as ns-2

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Biogas technology provides an alternative source of energy mainly from organic wastes. Using local resources like cattle waste, kitchen waste and other organic wastes, energy and manure are derived. It is produced when bacteria degrade organic matter in the absence of air. Here an attempt to design and test the performance of plastic made portable floating type biogas plant of volume capacity 0.5 m³ for outdoor climatic conditions. In this work, cow dung, vegetable wastes, food waste, agriculture waste such organic wastes were using for biogas production of 50 kg slurry capacity in batch system. In my work the temperature have to measure; in addition, the constituent of biogas, pH, volume and rate of biogas production were analysing at different level of temperature observation on daily basis. Physical and chemical analysis of biogas and slurry have also been carrying out along with the comparison of other fuel sources like LPG, Kerosene.

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The last few years, we have seen many new and powerful steganography techniques reported in the literature. Steganography is the art of communicating a message by embedding it into multimedia data. It is desired to maximize the amount of hidden information (embedding rate) while serving security against detection by unauthorized parties. Many different carrier file format can be used, but digital images are the most popular because of their frequency on the Internet. For hiding secret information in images, there exists a large variety of steganography techniques some are more complex than others and all of them have respective strong and weak points. In this study intends to offer a state of the art overview of the hiding information technique using image file as a cover carrier to illustrate the possibility of using the image for hiding secure information for business and personal use.

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Large amounts of structured and unstructured data are being collected from various sources for several years. These huge amounts of data called Big Data which are difficult to handle by a single machine require the work to be distributed across large number of computers. Hadoop is a distributed framework which uses MapReduce programming model to process the data in a distributed manner. Clustering analysis is one of the most important research areas in the field of data mining. Clustering is the most commonly used data processing algorithms. Clustering is a division of data into different groups. Data are grouped in such a way that data of the same group are similar and the data in other groups are dissimilar. Clustering aims in minimizing intra-class similarity and in maximizing interclass dissimilarity. k-Means is the popular clustering algorithm because of its simplicity. Nowadays, as the volume of data increases, researchers started to use MapReduce which is a parallel processing framework to get high performance. But, MapReduce is unsuitable for iterated algorithms owing to repeated times of restarting jobs, big data reading and shuffling. To overcome this problem, a novel processing model in MapReduce called optimized k-means clustering method which uses the methods of probability sampling and clustering, merging using two algorithms called weight based merge clustering and distribution based merge clustering is introduced to eliminate the iteration dependence and obtain high performance. Also the algorithms are compared with the k-medoids clustering algorithms

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There are many technique for bandwidth extension but most of them have high power loss during operation. Band width extension in cost of high power consumption. So requirement of low power consumption bandwidth extension technique. T-coil technique is best technique for band width extension technique with lower power consumption.

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When people have a good connectivity at their disposal, with tremendous power of mobile computing to supplement the same, we can think of connecting their home appliances to the personal computer or a laptop". With this, people would be able to turn on and off, and to some extent, control the appliances at their home even from a distant place. One of the very basic examples of an utility of this is switching on the air conditioner in the room just some time before reaching home, so that the room is sufficiently cool by then. The usefulness of a long range remote control to home appliances has no limits. A trivial setup facilitating such a thing would be to connect the home appliances, to a microcontroller receiver antenna that receives the controls from the user, the means of sending the transmitted signals to the appliances may be via a circuit or through a wireless media like Infra-Red or the RF, We have had Infra-Red Remote Controls, which work over very short distances, and Radio Wave Remote Controls, which work over larger distances. However, something fundamentally common with all these controls is that the transmitter and receiver should both use some kind of wireless waves. The project is an implementation to the idea of the wireless communication between a PC and a microcontroller. The project deals with displaying this possible wireless communication by transferring message from PC to the LCD through wireless media.

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The main objective of the project is to develop a demonstrative model for reconfigurable architecture of common sharing distributed arithmetic-based DCT with high accuracy error-compensated adder tree. DCT compresses the image using common sharing distributed arithmetic in ROM based device. In common sharing distributed arithmetic compression, the rate of throughput is low. In this project, the rate of throughput will be increased by using similarity oriented logic simplification adder tree in place of common sharing distributed arithmetic. By using similarity oriented logic simplification, power Consumption, area will be reduced efficiently, which it is reduce propagation delay and number of transistors required is reduced and increasing throughput rate in ROM based device. The advantage of similarity oriented logic simplification adder logic is that it can be implemented using very less number of adders, hence very less power dissipation. This result shows the increased rate of throughput at the range of 1GB/sec. The similarity oriented logic simplification adder tree core supporting digital cinema or ultrahigh resolution format. Using simulation in Xilinx13.2 software, the rate of similarity oriented logic simplification is inferred in order to access the incremental of throughput.

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A Trusted Platform Module (TPM) is a secure crypto-processor that can generate and store secured information such as keys and passwords. TPMcontains a uniqueidentity and provides a range of security functions. This paper outlines a client-server system utilizing a TPM-enabled computer using out bound devices (Pendrive or memory card). The system allows for data confidentiality, plausible deniability, and hiding of traces that incriminating data was present on the client. The server willattest the client before allowing it to submit / receiveincriminating data, and encrypted incriminating data can only bedecrypted 1) by the encrypting client, and 2) if and only if theencrypting client’s platform configuration matches that duringencryption. The client’s state can always be established viameasurement results, and they cannot be tampered to fakeattestation.

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Oil Filling System For Engine Hydro-Mounts is completed automatically by the pneumatic and servomotors. Its pneumatic system was designed, its working principle was analyzed, and the PLC control system was designed according to the control requirements to the pneumatic system. The Schneider PLC of Modicon LMC058 was selected and a programming software was used to program the system control process. Using PLC control pneumatic system, can be very easy to meet process requirements, improve greatly the system stability, reliability, automation level.

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Software testing is one of the major source of expense in software projects and a well-defined testing process is a critical part in the development of high quality Aspect Oriented software in a cost effective manner. Aspect Oriented programming (AOP) aims to increase modularity by allowing the separation of concerns. This programming paradigm although enhances the modularity, cannot provide correctness itself. By the passage of time usage and acceptance of AOP is increasing thus correctness of Aspect Oriented Software is challenging the testing process in unexpected manner. Although various testing approaches have been proposed to tackle the issues and challenges when testing aspect oriented programs, there is still the problem of selecting the best one that can effectively be applied to AOP. In this paper we are identifying the main issues and challenges in testing Aspect Oriented Programs and proposing testing criteria to improve the quality of testing in AOP.

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Geo-Notifier is revolving around the concept of geo-fencing and it is based on smart mobility. It focuses on both, service to the end users and business partners. Location based Services offer many advantages to the mobile users to retrieve the information about their current location and process that data to get more useful information near to their location with the help of GPS in phones and through Web Services using GPRS. This is an android based application which has 5 modules; the first module of this application will provide location based offers in the current location. The second module is about location tracking. The third module provides the user with notification whenever a friend enters the default limit, this requires dual-permission. Fourth module will provide SMS service. The Fifth module is the emergency module, which provides you and your family with a one-click automated emergency communication system.

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High speed is one of the most required feature for the up to date electronic systems designed for its high performance and handy applications. First-In First-Out memories (FIFOs) have advanced from objectively simple logic functions to high-speed buffers combine large blocks of Static Random Access Memory. FIFOs are often used to sensibly pass data from one clock control to another asynchronous clock control. Using a FIFO to pass data from one clock domain to another clock domain needs multi- asynchronous clock design techniques. This impression will detail one method that is used to design, synthesize and analyse a safe FIFO connecting different clock domains using Memory counter that are synchronized into a different clock domain before testing for "FIFO full" or "FIFO empty" conditions and Address Calculator that are used to read/write data in user preferred address. The demonstratively evaluated, synthesized counter and address calculator can be included in FIFO.

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Security and energy efficiency in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is the most questing issue now-a-days because of various attacks on mobile nodes. Even though many algorithms have emerged to bring out security and energy efficiency, there are certain vulnerabilities like selfish nodes that try to save energy by not forwarding the packets and sleep deprivation attacks where an intruder overloads the target node with multiple requests which drains the energy of that node. Since a low energy node is more prone to security attacks, the throughput and hence the overall performance of the system will be lowered. WirelessHART is an emerging secure and reliable communication standard that aims in maximizing the utilization of wireless communication. This paper provides a summary of the energy efficiency and security measures provided by WirelessHART standard for effective wireless communication.

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— While working on awired process the cabling is more laborious task. Very much cost associated with hard wiring instrumentation process. Cabling takes time for installation and if there is need to add extra inputs and outputs to process then it is very tedious task. These processes can be controlled using wireless PLC but it is very costly.This paperpresent revolutionary idea which not only overcome all this problems but also adds some benefits to system. Before solving the problems of cabling it is essential to understand the use of wires in process automation.Wires are used to transmit the electrical signals from field to control room. In this system wiresare replaced with wireless radio modules to transmit the data from field to PLC and viceversa. For this two radio modules are used, one is at field and another is at controller side. Field area radio modules take data from sensors and actuators and transmit wirelessly to the PLC. Radio module interfaced to PLC collects this data and changes the status of PLC inputs. PLC process this data and generates the output according to program feed in it. This data again transmit back to field radio module which actuate the actuators in field area.

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As the number of digital images around the world gets increased, there is a growing interest in finding images from the large collections. From the large number of images, it is very important for users to retrieve required images via an efficient and effective mechanism. To achieve accurate retrieval results, Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) has become an important research area in recent years. Shape is one of the primary and important low level image features in CBIR used to describe image content. Searching of images using shape features has attracted more attention. In this paper we proposed several boundary based shape features such as area, perimeter, compactness, shape signatures, Fourier descriptors etc. and the study of those features in image retrieval. We have applied the proposed method on a collection of images chosen from MPEG-7 database which is a standard shape database. The image retrieval performance is measured by precision and recall. The proposed Boundary Based shape features and benchmarking database produced the performance metrics of about 70% to 90%.

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Due to the large overhead of protocol operation, the handling way of voice traffic is extremely inefficient in WLANs. To improve the efficiency with voice a simple mechanism [1] called VoIP is used. Solid state digital systems were sometimes stated to as Electronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange. This is complex in house-telephony switching systems. To overcome these VoIP mechanism is used. In this paper VoIP mechanism is used in wide area networks. It reduces the overhead operation and time contention and improves the system performance by sending and receiving packets by using filters. In essence, this mode of telecommunication allows a business to effectively carry out its daily function regardless of location. Our extensive measurements are using VoIP mechanisms in wireless networks. The core type of telecommunication permits an industry to effectively carry out its day-to-day function regardless of location. As wireless becomes more available, voice over internet protocol is a significant evolving facility due to its low cost.

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A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) consists of a collection of location based routing protocols which helps to detect attacks made by the intruders. In this paper an routing protocol called, DREAM is implemented for intrusion detection system. The scenario for flooding attack is generated and performance metrics were calculated.

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This paper investigates the speed regulation problem of permanent magnet synchronous motor servo system based on terminal sliding mode control method. By giving a non-singular terminal sliding mode manifold, a novel terminal sliding mode controller is designed for the speed loop. The controller can make the states not only reach the manifold in finite time, but also merge to the equilibrium point in finite time. so, the controller would make the motor speed reach the reference value, obtaining a faster convergence and a better tracking precision. In the same way, considering the large chattering phenomenon caused by high switching gains, composite terminal sliding mode control method based on disturbance observer is proposed inorder to minimize chattering. Through disturbance estimation for feed-forward compensation, the terminal sliding mode controller may take a smaller value for the switching gain without sacrificing disturbance rejection performance.

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Cloud computing is environment which enables convenient, efficient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.This paper primarily aims to Highlight the major security issues existing in current cloud computing environments... Cloud is kind of centralized database where many organizations/clients store their data, retrieve data and possibly modify data. Cloud is a model where user is provided services by CSP (Cloud Service Provider) on pay per use base. Mean here Client has to pay for what he is using or being served. Data stored and retrieved in such a way may not be fully trustworthy so here concept of TPA (Third Party Auditor) is used. TPA makes task of client easy by verifying integrity of data stored on behalf of client. In cloud, there is support for data dynamics means clients can insert, delete or can update data so there should be security mechanism which ensure integrity for the same. Here TPA can not only see the data but he can access data or can modify also so there should be some security mechanism against this.

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The main objective of this paper is to maintain the constant frequency in two area interconnected power system by using controllers like P,PI & PID, and the performance of the PID controller has been compared with PI controllers under different loading conditions . It is shown from the graphs at Area1 & Area2 the Performance of PID controller is better than PI Controller. Existing Power system is dynamic one and it is interconnected with Multi areas.The main objective of a power system utility is to maintain continuous supply of power with an acceptable quality to all the consumers in the system, due to the dynamic changes in the load the frequency also changes and tie line power also changes. In order to maintain the power system frequency stable we introduce some controllers at the generating station. The above mentioned objective in carried successfully by using PI & PID controllers. This process can also be done in multi area power system. Initially we started with simple two area power system.

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There have been very large no deaths and injuries due to tsunamis caused so far till date. People in surrounding region of tsunami centers are at very high risk of loosing their lives. While rare, high-impact tsunamis have the potential to cause widespread destruction. Displacement and damage to infrastructure are also important contributors to the human, social, and economic effects of tsunamis .Hence some smart system is necessary to detect tsunamis in advance and alert people in the near by region about it. This may help people to get to on large surface ground or higher at multistory building. Eventually large no of lives could be saved. So we are using smart wireless sensor network to detect tsunamis and then this information is wirelessly transmitted to control room and there onwards people whose entries have been registered into database of computer would be given alert by sending messages by means of GSM module used at control room.

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Generally, in most of the cars, conventional friction brakes are used to stop or control the speed of cars while it is in motion. During the running condition, the car having lots of kinetic energy, when the brake is applied, this kinetic energy is losses by heat energy due to the friction between the brake shoe and brake plate. Thus this extra power loss reduces the overall efficiency of the vehicle. This type of heat losses of energy can be limit by use of regenerative braking system known as RBS. Generally, the main objective of regenerative braking system is to recover as much as possible torque while brakes are being applied. The kinetic energy of vehicle can be stored in another form of energy. In regenerative braking system, energy can be converted by means of generator, dynamometer, alternator, pump, compressor or flywheel or in other storage devices.Now a day the regenerative braking system is applied to many hybrid vehicles. But due to the complexity of design it can be applied to limited cars only. In this case, by using alternator or dynamo, the kinetic energy of the wheel, can be converted into the electric energy which is wasted while applying brakes.

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Researchers have proposed several mechanisms to secure data from unauthorized use but there is very less work in the field of detecting and managing an authorized or trustworthy agent that has caused a data leak to some third party advertently or unknowingly on internet. In this paper, we implement methods aimed at improving the odds of detecting such leakages when a distributer’s sensitive data has been leaked by trustworthy agents and also to possibly identify the agent(s) that leaked the data on online system (cloud). We also implement some data allocation strategies that can improving the identification of leakages and can also be used to assess the likelihood of a leak at a particular agent assuming the fact that the data was not simply guessed by the third party where the leaked data set has been found. We propose new system on cloud for finding the leakages, We also propose new allocation strategies that work on the basis of Non-waiting model agent do not need to wait for other agents’ allocation and it is different from already proposed model that makes an agent wait for others. These methods do not depends on the alterations of the distributed data, but certain focus on minimizing the overlapping of the allocated data items to various agents, thus facilitating an exact decision of the guilty agent in a particular data leakage scenario.

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Image feature detection is a fundamental issue in many intermediate level vision problems such as stereo, motion correspondence, image registration and object recognition. In this paper, we are going to present an approach to feature detection. We provide extensive experimental results to demonstrate its potential applications to several image analysis problems. Automatic recognition of people is a challenging problem which has received much attention during the recent years due to its many applications in different fields such as law enforcement, security applications or video indexing. Face recognition is a very challenging problem and up to date, there is no technique that provides a robust solution to all situations and different applications that face recognition may encounter.

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The system proposed in this paper aims at automation in public distribution system. The government of India provide fixed amount of ration monthly for needy or poor people, but due to increased corruption in the market sector these all products dose not reach these people. Due to manual work lots of corruption is occurred. There is need to replace the manual work by some specific high tech – technologies and to involve governments for controlling transaction. In this paper we propose to replace traditional ration card by smart card. This requires use of microcontroller with communication net-work and RFID card in which all the details of user are pro-vided. Communication network such as GSM module is used to connect the system which is at PDS shop to the government database. So that Government should have control over all transaction in PDS stores. The Proposed PDS system will stop the corruption and illegal activities.

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