The paper analyses cold formed hollow steel section. A study to find out the moment rotation behavior and failure deformation of bolted cold formed steel moment connections. Today’s scenario is to go for light weight structures and cold formed steel is considered for that. In this research we are analyzing beam column moment connections with bolted joints.Square and rectangular tubular sections are used in this study.Model is created in the ANSYS Finite element analysis software both with square columns and one is connected with rectangular beam with different aspect ratio. The results are compared by moment rotation and load vs deflection which indicates that the beam with higher aspect ratio is more restrain than other.

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Now a day’s due to very stiff and cut throat competitive market condition in manufacturing industries. Quality and productivity plays important role in today’s manufacturing market. The main objective of industries reveal with producing better quality product at minimum cost and increase productivity. Milling is one of the progressive enhancements of manufacturing technologies which has wide range of application in industries and other related areas. CNC end milling is most vital and common operation use for produce machine part with higher productivity in machining time and cost constrain. To obtain main objective of company regards quality and productivity the optimization philosophy is used. In order to optimize the material removal rate, the empirical relationships between input and output variables should be established in order to predict the output. In the present research project an attempt is made to understand the effect of input machining parameters such as cutting speed (m/min), feed rate (mm/min), depth of cut (mm), nose radius on responsive output parameters such as Material Removal Rate using PSO technique. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is used for finding the optimum set of values of input variables for maximum material removal rate. The effort to investigate optimal machining parameters and their contribution on higher Productivity and material removal rate.

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Foam concrete is a type of aerated lightweight concrete. Foam concrete does not contain any coarse aggregate. It requires no compaction, but it will flow readily from an outlet to fill restricted and irregular cavities. Foamed concrete is simple to produce but, at present, there is a need to provide close control during its production and on-site supervision during its placement and curing. Lightweight foamed concrete is use in low strength capacity for building and civil construction purposes as a result of its peculiar features such as low thermal conductivity, low self-weight and self-compacting features hence its high workability. This paper is attention to classified of aerated lightweight concrete into foamed concrete and non-autoclaved concrete.

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MCB plays an important role in switching and protection in different electric fields. We use it to trip the electricity in faulty condition. Number of MCBs are used in different areas according to its necessity. In power generating stations MCBs used are in thousands in numbers. MCB status monitoring system can be helpful in monitoring the status of these thousands and more MCBs. It makes process of monitoring of MCBs connected in different areas where physically monitoring is not feasible just in case of nuclear power plant where due to radiations there are limitations to reach every part of that power plant.

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AC-DC converters are widely used in many industrial applications for electrical power conversion such as for telecom equipment, electric vehicles, information technology equipment, power systems and space power systems power systems based on renewable energy resources. Conventional AC-DC converters generally have two conversion stages, an AC-DC stage that operates with some sort of power factor correction to ensure good power quality at the input, and a DC-DC conversion stage takes the output of the AC-DC converter which is DC and converts it to the desired output DC voltage. Due to the cost of having two separate and independent converters, This paper proposes a single power-conversion ac–dc converter with high power factor. The proposed converter is dsigned by integrating a full-bridge diode rectifier and dc–dc converter. The proposed converter provides single power-conversion by using the novel control algorithm for both power factor correction and output control. Also, the active-clamp circuit clamps the surge voltage of switches and recycles the energy which is stored in the leakage inductance of the transformer. This converter provides maximum power factor 0.93.The operation principle of the converter is analyzed and verified. Experimental results for a 15 W ac–dc converter are obtained to show the performance of the proposed converter.

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This project presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out to find the suitability of metakaolin and fly ash in production of concrete. The conventional concrete M25 was made using OPC 53 grade and the other mixes were prepared by replacing part of OPC with metakaolin and fly ash. The replacement metakaolin levels were 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and fly ash for all mix 5%. To evaluate optimize ratio and mechanical properties of metakaolin based concrete and compared with conventional mix. From the optimization 20% cement replacement by metakaolin superior than all the mixes.

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This paper deals with the design and optimization of cryogenic perforated plate matrix heat exchanger. Design and optimization represent the specification of the system/component structure, size, and performance, as well as other characteristics important for manufacturing and utilization. In gas-flow heat exchangers the friction-power limitations generally force the designer to arrange for moderately low mass velocities. Low mass velocities, together with the low thermal conductivities of gases (low relatives to most liquids), results in low heat transfer rates per unit of surface area. The large amount of surface area becomes a typical characteristic of gas-flow heat exchangers. Gas-to-gas heat exchangers may require up to 10 times the surface area of liquid-to-liquid heat exchangers. These led to the development of heat transfer surfaces for gas-flow applications in which the surface area density is large. Such surfaces referred to as compact heat transfer surfaces and compactness itself leads to high performance. Cryogenic heat exchangers are works at temperature 123K (-150℃) or below it and used for separation, purification, liquefaction, refrigeration systems, working with different cryogenic gases like helium, hydrogen, neon, nitrogen, oxygen etc. As normal boiling point of liquid hydrogen is 20.3 K. So, highly effective and very highly compact heat exchangers are necessary for producing liquid hydrogen. The necessity of high effectiveness in a small volume has led to the development of perforated plate matrix heat exchangers (MHE) for cryogenic applications. By the proper optimization of various geometrical parameters of perforated plate matrix heat exchanger, we can get desired optimum size and desired performance of heat exchanger.

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— As telecommunication and Internet are becoming an integrated system, user demand is continuously increasing. The forty years old internet has reached its threshold and the current IP based host centric Internet architecture needs to be replaced by an architecture which provides better solution to manage mobility, QoS, Security. Content-Centric Networking is an emerging networking architecture and specific candidate for next generation Internet, which focuses on content distribution which was not served effectively by IP[1]. Named Data Networking is an example of CCN, a research project under the NSF Future Internet Architectures program[2]. In last few years DDoS attacks have become major threat for current Internet. Resilience to Distributed Denial of- Service (DoS) attacks that plague today’s Internet is a major issue for any new architecture and deserves full attention. In DDoS packets from large number of compromised hosts are sent to victim’s network which overloads the network. In NDN, end users requests the desired data by sending a request and the data producer sends back the requested data upon request only, eliminating existing DDoS attack. In this paper I have shown how NDN architecture’s inherent properties tackle current DDoS attacks and new types of DoS attacks

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The field of robotics has seen exponential growth with the amalgamation of multiple domains. Present technologies can only control robots up to a radius of 200 meters, but our aim in this project is to target controlling a robot from a remote location which is more than 500 meters away. We use Wi-Fi as the medium for communication. We are achieving this operation by communicating using computer and router. This computer connected to the Wi-Fi pass on serial data and also communication is established between one router located on the robot and a microcontroller present, which controls its trajectory. Moreover robot will be having IP camera to dodge obstacle, which will also give details about its position. Future scope of this project is to establish the same connection but make the robot intelligent and autonomous.

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Machining process efficiency can be improved by optimization the control parameters. This requires identifying and determining the value of critical process control parameters that lead to desired response ensuring a lower cost of manufacturing. A 〖CO〗_2 Laser can produce a coherent, convergent and monochromatic beam of electromagnetic radiation. Laser machining is thermal energy based non-contact type advance machining. The objective of the research work is to study the effect of 〖CO〗_2 Laser cutting parameters (Laser power, Gas pressure, Cutting speed, Laser pulse frequency, Nozzle tip distance) on the cut quality parameters (surface roughness, kerf width, Heat affected zone) at the problem associated with cutting of Aluminium5052 Alloy. The L_27 orthogonal array has been used for performing the experiments. An artificial neural network (ANN) method to optimize response parameters.

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This paper focus on Eigenvalue analysis of IEEE First Benchmark Model. The eigenanalysis is used for detemine stability for the FBM for Subsynchronous Resonsnce studies. The eigenvalues can be used to determine system damping as well as resonant frequency.

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With this particular swift improves of virtual reality; this World-wide-web has developed into a massive archive of files and provides as a possible significant podium for the dissemination of facts. This sequence can be viewed as the web entry style that may be helpful to discover anyone carryout. As a result of this kind of conduct information, we can easily locate around this correct person following request prediction that could reduce this browsing situation of internet site. In this specific cardstock, many proposed employ clustering strategies to chaos the data pieces with the results on this preprocessing time period. Therefore, a far more appropriate Markov type is developed based upon pretty much every group rather than the full records pieces. The detail of tiny buy Markov style is generally not acceptable. As a result, we many use popularity and similarity-based Google page rank criteria to make prediction if the ambiguous email address contact info details are simply. Inside your design, most people done reputation associated with transitions and also webpage’s by making use of data and also utilize it with regards to web page dimensions and also visit volume factors. With this reputation price associated with Webpages many of us error normal Page rating protocol and also design the upcoming website prediction system which makes website predictions under offered top-n price tag. The prediction accuracy can be achieved through a modeling the web log with an accurate model. Markov model is widely used for modeling the user web navigation sessions. The traditional Markov model is having its own limitation. First-order Markov model is less complex but the accuracy is move to the second-order Markov model it is accurate as compared to the first-order Markov model but the coverage low because of lack of looking into the depth. As we of prediction state is less and the time complexity gets increased.

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The growth of technology has made our lives easier. Now a day’s number of accidents happens on highways because of increase in traffic and due to rash driving of drivers. There is need to detect high speed driving on highways and alert traffic authorities about the speed of vehicle. One method is available for detecting speed that the police have to use a handheld radar gun to detect vehicle speed. This process is not that effective because after detecting speed lots of time is wasted to inform traffic authorities. This system will check on high speed driving by calculating the speed of vehicle using the time taken to travel between the two set points at fixed distance and then transmit the data over 2.4 GHz to the control room. If vehicle crosses the speed limit, buzzer alerts the police at that location and at the control room through wireless transmission.

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Steganography is the technique of hiding any secret information like data, password and image behind any cover file. In this paper we propose a method which is an audio-video crypto steganography system which is the combination of audio steganography and video steganography using some computer forensic technique for the secure communication. Our motto is to hide confidential information behind image and audio of video file. Since video contains the audio file as well as many still frames of images i.e. video frames. We can select a particular frame and audio from video file for hiding our secret information.LSB algorithm can be used for image steganography and RLSB algorithm can be used for audio steganography. Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm can be used for encryption and decryption of data. With the help of parameter appropriate parameters like PSNR value, histogram is obtained at both the receiver side and transmitter sides which are found to be identical at both ends for increasing data security. Hence the security of the data can be enhanced and as well as video quality is also maintained. This method can be used in fields such as medical and defense which requires real time processing.

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Clustering is an unsupervised process of grouping elements together, so that elements assigned to each clusters are more similar to each other than to the other data points. Clustering becomes difficult due to increasing sparsity of such data as well as the increasing difficulty in distinguishing distances between data points. Also, most data of interest today in data-mining applications is complex and is usually represented by many different features.Traditional approaches for clustering in low dimensional data can also be used for clustering high dimensional data by observing a lower dimensional feature subspace. But the performance of standard machine learning algorithms becomes degraded while handling high dimensional data. The number of data points are required to represent any distribution grows exponentially with number of dimensions which leads to bad density estimate for higher dimensional data. The difficulties in dealing with high dimensional data are considered to be an aspect of the curse of dimensionality. In this existing system the value of k or the range of k is neither directly nor indirectly specified by the users.The proposed method describes a novel perspective on the problem of clustering high-dimensional data and also for specifying k value by using Visual Access Tendency (VAT). Instead of attempting to avoid the curse of dimensionality by observing a lower dimensional feature subspace, the proposed method embrace the dimensionality by high-dimensional phenomena. Hubness, the number of times a data point appears among the k nearest neighbors of other data points in a data set, can be successfully exploited in clustering. Hubness score can be used as a good measure of point centrality within a high-dimensional data cluster by using hubness based clustering algorithms. In addition to that the proposed methodology uses VAT to find the number of clusters the high dimensional data with more accuracy in the automated manner. The experimental tests conducted were proves that the proposed methodology provides better result than the existing approaches in terms of more accuracy and improved time consumption The quality of clusters is measured in terms of silhouette index and the results obtained would be promising

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A GUI provides a graphical interface between the program and the user. Development of a MATLAB GUI for this exercise will benefit the user and increase the awareness towards designing of digital filters. The developed software provides an interface between audio recording and playback hardware and the user when exploring filter design parameters. This software is designed for analyzing digital filter characteristics such as amplitude and phase which are useful in designing an appropriate filter. This can be achieved by entering arbitrary filter parameters.

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Museums are our cultural heritage. They preserve our history, our culture and tell us about our today’s modern technology and innovative methods of attracting people to museums, foremost sign of history of each country, different methods arise to guide people inside the museums in a best way possible to facilitate information exchange between individuals and museum guiders. We designed the smart electronic guide for museum using AVR microcontroller and RFID technology which has the capability of providing a vocal information to the visitors of museum regarding each object in the museum. The advantage of this device is Low cost, easy to access, promotable program, which is user-friendly in providing information. The purpose of this project paper is to provide information in very easy way to the visitors of museum so that it is convenient to understand the history of specific object to the visitor [1].

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In this paper, reactive power pricing in a Deregulated electricity market is formulated. A proper pricing mechanism promises that the producers will participate with enough incentive as well as the consumers to utilize as much electric energy as required. The Cost of generation involves capital cost, production cost and opportunity cost. Opportunity cost is the cost that evolves when the generator is forced to produce the reactive power beyond its prescribed limits i.e it loses its opportunity to sell real power as it increases reactive power production by decreasing real power. Cost of generation depends on real power loss. In this paper, Invasive Weed Optimization Algorithm(IWOA) is employed in reducing the Cost and it is worked on IEEE 30 Bus system and IEEE 57 Bus system using MATLAB with MATPOWER tool. The simulated result shows reduction of cost.

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— In recent years, total power dissipation and area are one of the most important challenges in VLSI design. By reducing the number of transistors in the circuits and the design structures are may occupied small area and ultra-low power design. In this project based on AND gates and full adders are designed using CMOS, Pass Transistor Logic (PTL)and different techniques are used for low power in AND Gate, full adder and multipliers. The main aim of this paper is to reduce the power dissipation and area by reducing the transistors. In this project various types of parallel multiplier designs are performed. Multipliers are the major sources of power dissipation in DSP applications. The design analysis of delay and power comparison of the low power using different types of AND gates and multipliers. The designs are implemented delay and power results are obtained using Mentor Graphics EDA tool. The model technology file 0.18 um is using this design. The results show that the transistor counts, delay and the power required are significantly concentrated in the design.

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Cloud Computing is emerging as a new computational paradigm shift. Hadoop-Map Reduce has become a powerful computation model for processing large data on distributed commodity hardware clusters such as clouds. A large number of (heterogeneous) clients use the same Hadoop cluster. Map Reduce (MR) has become a popular programming model for running data intensive application on the cloud. Completion time goals or deadline of map reduce jobs set by users are becoming crucial in existing cloud based data processing environments such as Hadoop. There is a conflict between the scheduling MR jobs to meet deadline and data locality by assigning tasks to nodes that contain their input data in public cloud environments like Amazon web services. To meet a deadline, a task maybe scheduled on a node without local input data for that task causing expensive data transfer from a remote node. One of the major requirement in cloud computing is related to optimizing the resource being allocated with the objective of minimizing the costs associated with it. The research proposes an approach to schedule jobs on scalable and heterogeneous hadoop system in cloud environments with respect to the number of incoming jobs and available resources. A scheduler is proposed to address the problems which are primarily based on an efficient resource allocation and workload management strategies for large scale cloud environments. It deals with effective resource allocation strategies for achieving user satisfaction and maximizing the profit for cloud service providers.

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This project aims to design and fabrication of four wheeler multiple-opening spanner for tightening and removing of the four nuts in a single stroke of a hand operated lever. Nowadays everybody wants to save time and effort by inventing some newer technique or mechanism and implement them in the daily life. We have developed a gear planetary mechanism to reduce the time and effort for the above mentioned task. In our project we have tried to focus on the minimization of human effort and time consumed for fixing all four nuts of the ø100mm PCD tire with a single stroke of lever

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Current energy crisis due to rapid depletion of the conventional fuel and environment concerns, have made the world to think about alternate sources of energy and have also prompted an evolution of first, second, and third generation biofuels as alternative energy sources. But one serious problem with these biofuels is that they generally shows an increment in NOx and because of half of the NOx is emitted by automobile sources, control of emission of oxides of nitrogen becomes major issue of research now-a-days. In this research article, an experimental investigation has been conducted to observe the effect of parametric optimization of engine and exhaust gas re-circulation on emission of oxides of nitrogen. In diesel engine, controlling NOx in engine emission, peak combustion temperature plays vital role because NOx formation in diesel engine is highly temperature-dependent phenomenon and takes place at combustion chamber temperature above 2000K. The experiments are conducted with diesel, Jatropha biodiesel blend (50JB50D), and pure biodiesel. For present investigation, injection pressures considered are 160bar, 190bar & 220bar. Experiment was conducted twice, once without EGR & again with hot EGR to measure effect of EGR in NOx reduction at various loading condition of 1, 6, & 11KG. Factors affecting the NOx emission are injection timing, engine load, injection pressure, compression ratio, air-fuel ratio, exhaust gas recirculation, fuel blend. Effect of the injection pressure, fuel blend, engine load and exhaust gas recirculation technique on emission of NOx has been observed in this research. It has observed that highest NOx, emitted from engine with diesel was 451 ppm at 220bar IP and that for blend and pure biodiesel were 460 & 475 ppm, simultaneously. Maximum NOx reduction was 94.34% for pure diesel at 1Kg load 160bar injection pressure and minimum value for that was 80.89% for pure biodiesel at 6Kg load 190bar Injection pressure. With pure diesel, NOx emission was increased by 349 ppm and that for diesel-biodiesel blend & pure biodiesel were 350 & 354 ppm. One possible explanation behind this increment is, more oxygen content of biodiesel which leads to higher combustion temperature.

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Unbalanced industrial development and concentration of population in urban areas creates severe problems related to water. Sewage produced from the human activity contributes in water pollution. Conventional methods are much better to treat waste water as compare with Coagulation and flocculation which are physical-chemical methods. Chemicals used to treat waste water by clarifllocultion generate sludge which is one sort of pollutant. For upgrading conventional methods to treat waste water, there is a need to think sustainable way to minimize waste by using naturally available materials. The seeds of less water required plants of rural area could be a best option for this. It is a low cost material and also will have income for rural people. A lot of work has been carried out on Water Treatment by natural Coagulation with natural coagulants; now there is need to concentrate on recycling of water in less developed communities to ensure their basic needs of water from domestic waste water treatment. This study consecrates over use of natural coagulant for sewage treatment and also quality and uses of sludge generated by using natural coagulants during treatment of sewage. An attempt has been made to use of seeds of Mango [Mangifera indica], as a natural coagulant for the treatment of sewage to minimize the cost of treatment and to achieve good quality of sludge and treated wastewater. A pilot plant study with laboratory analysis shows that Mango [Mangifera indica] seeds, as natural coagulant remove around 32% BOD and 30% TSS in primary treatment. Sludge generated through treatment of sewage may be used as manure after composting. Natural coagulation for treating sewage is a best way to reduce the organic loading over aeration tank of activated sludge process. This will reduce cost of waste water treatment by sustainable way.

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Green energy generation is the most emerging research area in present scenario. PV systems are gaining much interest because of their increased efficiency. Solar energy fluctuates with the intensity of the radiated light. As a result the output power of the panel varies. This varying supply can neither be connected to grid nor used for load. Hence to obtain a maximum power, maximum power point technology (MPPT) like soft computing technique called Particle Swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) is proposed to find the maximum power. This proposed method has the ability to track the MPP for the extreme environmental condition. The algorithm is simple and can be computed very rapidly. To optimize the utilization of large arrays of photovoltaic modules, maximum power point tracker (MPPT) is normally employed in conjunction with the power converter (dc–dc converter and/or inverter). However, due to the varying environmental condition, namely temperature and solar insolation, the power–voltage characteristic curve exhibits a maximum power point (MPP) that varies nonlinearly with these conditions thus posing a challenge for the tracking algorithm. MATLAB and simulink will be employed for simulation of PSO based global maximum power point tracking (GMPPT) for PV power system.

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This paper represents a low frequency ac (LFAC) transmission system for offshore wind power. The LFAC system is interfaced with the main power grid with a cycloconverter. The wind power plant collection system is dc based and connects to the LFAC transmission line with a12-pulse convertor. A method to design the systems components and controls is set forth. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the systems performance.

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