The Segway Human Transporter is one of several low-speed transportation devices (e.g., bikes, scooters, wheelchairs) that, under certain circumstances, travels on sidewalks, roadways, and other shared-use paths. The objective of this research was to examine the primary operating characteristics of the Segway. In this thesis, we designed and constructed mechanically based system for a two wheel balancing Segway robot. In this paper we present a Segway based on gyro sensor, accelerometer along with a microcontroller and use of mechanical and electrical hardware’s. The dynamics of the vehicle is similar to the classical control problem of an inverted pendulum, which means that it is unstable and prone to tip over. This is prevented by electronics sensing the pitch angle and its time derivative, controlling the motors to keep the vehicle balancing. This kind of vehicle is interesting since it contains a lot of technology relevant to an eco-friendly and energy efficient transportation industry. This thesis describes the development of a similar vehicle from scratch, incorporating every phase from literature study to planning, design, vehicle construction and verification. The main objective was to build a vehicle capable of transporting a person weighing up to 70-80 kg and capable of travelling to some km distance with varying speed. The rider controls are supposed to be natural movements; leaning forwards or backwards in combination with tilting the handlebar sideways should be the only rider input required to ride the vehicle. This thesis also take into consideration the material used with minimum possible cost. The design of Segway Human Transporter is such that it covers less space and comfort to the user.

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This paper presents two lean enablers which can be used for development of rules to support lean product design and development. These two lean product development enablers are: knowledge based engineering and poka-Yoke (Mistake proofing technique). Although there are few other lean enablers who can be used for lean product design and development but this research is limited to only these two and it explains in details how they can be used for lean product design and development. Main aim of research is to develop rules for product design and development by using these enablers. Furthermore these rules will be utilized for development of complete knowledge based engineering system to support lean product design and development.

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the demand for improvement of construction sites with poor/weak soils has triggered research in the area of ground improvement. As a result many methods of improvement of weak soils have been employed over a period of time. Now a day’s abundant amount of waste is generated in India in the form of Ceramic dust, Fly ash, Rubber waste, Construction and Demolition waste etc. Much of this waste has been thrown to landfill, without considering its potential for reuse, recycling or valuation. Through the literatures it has been found that Ceramic Dust can also act as a major material in improving bearing capacity. Hence the present study aim at potential use of Ceramic Dust waste in ground improvement to save construction cost. Experimental set up is created for carrying out test on stone and Sand Ceramic Dust column by applying load through mechanical jack and load carrying capacity as well as settlement is measured. The Ceramic Dust is used as replacement material in Sand column in the range of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of total weight of column. After performing experiment a noticeable amount of increment in bearing capacity has been observed in case of Sand Ceramic Dust column of 15% and 20%.

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This paper entitled “MOODLE” has its application in client-server architecture. Objective of the paper is to demonstrate advance learning management system on online network system. Now a day e-learning management system is part of learning environment in school, colleges and universities. This dynamic learning management system is used to interact with student and teacher, if the network is online or online. Teachers can upload study material on server and each student can access that material using their own login. In this system notice should be provided by main authority is notified by every staff member on their mobile. When user wants to use this application he has first logon then he can upload or download information on the database. This system provides some extra facilities event calendar for departmental event notification. Moodle provide android application for Attendance. This learning management system quite useful in educational and business environment in day today life. This paper presents an enhanced solution for running Moodle in online Mode to improve asynchronous learning [1]. This solution allows learners to continue e-Learning activities in cases where Internet connection is unavailable. The presented solution uses transparent and automatic end users PC or laptop. After the connection is restored, all online activities will be synchronized to the principal Moodle platform.

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In this paper, we study the turbo coder design problem for MIMO-OFDM systems with insufficient cyclic prefix (CP) using statistical channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. In our previously proposed channel independent turbo coder scheme, an interference nulling based turbo coder structure is studied, which can assist to either cancel inter-block interference (IBI) or separate the subspace engaged by IBI from the subspace used for information symbols. In this work, we consider a robust turbo coder design which combines statistical CSI at the transmitter and the interference nulling based turbo coder arrangement to gain a better performance compared to the channel independent turbo coder scheme. OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) has been chosen as the air interface technique for LTE (Long Term Evolution) standard. However, OFDM system is sensitive to synchronization errors generated by multipath delay, Doppler shift and oscillator instability. In this paper, we address the synchronization problem between the transmitter and the receiver is done. Time-domain synchronous orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has advantages in spectral efficiency and synchronization. However, its iterative interference cancellation algorithm will suffer from performance loss especially under severely fading channels with long delays and has difficulty supporting high-order modulations like 256 QAM, which may not accommodate the emerging ultra-high definition television service.

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This papers shows the methodology of developing an integrated application of a design process and generating model of a knuckle joint using a Visual Basic and the SolidWorks. The methodology concentrates on the making a Knowledge Base Engineering (KBE). Where KBE helps with the storing and reusing the data by the user and it shows developing Graphic User Interface (GUI) as a KBE tool for the standard design for developing the design process and modelling of a 3D model of a knuckle joint by standard empirical relations using SolidWorks. From that interaction the user can decreasing the developing time along with the modifications of reusing same data with other parameters and generating a 3D model with the resultant parameters. There by the designer can decrease the designing time. This paper mainly concentrates on integration of two software’s Visual Basic and SolidWorks that could process could design and develop an accurate design of a knuckle joint.

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The reinforced earth wall become more popular nowadays due to its ease of construction, speed of construction and economy. The tests were carried out to know load displacement characteristic of reinforced earth wall with backfill material as sand and ML type soil. Experimental set up is created for carrying out test on reinforced earth wall with different type of backfill material. A geogrid are used as reinforcing material in reinforced earth wall having tensile strength of 50 kN/m. It is placed at spacing of 165 mm in five layer having length of 525mm. A load is applied through hydraulic jack on reinforced earth wall and load displacement characteristic obtained. After performing experiments it is observed that displacement of facing panel of reinforced earth wall with backfill material as sand shows less displacement than ML type of soil.

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Specification Oriented Programming (AOP) is a new programming paradigm that offers a novel modularization unit for the crosscutting concerns. function originally spread across several modules and tangled with each other can be factored out into a single, separate unit, called a specification. Although AOP was originally proposed for the development of new software, systems written using traditional modularization techniques may also benefit from the adoption of the more versatile decomposition offered by AOP, in terms of code understand ability and Evolvability Abstract Specification mining is a process that tries to identify crosscutting concerns in existing software systems. The goal is to refactor refine the existing systems to use specification oriented programming in order to make them easier to maintain and to evolve. Abstract A refactoring is a change made to the internal structure of software to make it easier to understand and cheaper to modify without changing its observable behaviour. Refactoring’s are systematically organized into catalogues, in a similar way as design patterns. Hints that certain refactoring’s are applicable are provided by so-called code smells: Suspicious code parts that require improvement.

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A phenomenon that is very common in supermarkets bulk orders of food materials are given which results in extra stocks of food materials than which is needed and finally leads to wastage. Many still make a profit from selling a few items of the product and throwing the left out . The belief is that, not caring about the customer feeling that their supermarket has an endless supply of goods is more valuable than predicting the order in advance, and possibly getting it wrong. Representing the hypermarket, the objective of our forecasting is to reduce the spoilage of perishable foods in the hypermarket by accurately forecasting sales on a daily basis by using historical data and Holt -Winter model, we have plan to forecast daily demand for 30 days for 'Vegetables' , 'Meat' , 'Fruits' and 'Milk Products' .This model includes two methods – additive method for finding seasonal variation and multiplicative method for proportional variation. The FEFO(First Expired First Out) principle including the calculation of shelf life is used to get the product consumed by the customer before the expiry date.The major benefit is that it gives consumers the chance to enjoy fresh products and reduce the reatailing cost. It highly focusses on hygiene of customers as well as it gives increased customer satisfaction.

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The Real time application of an embedded Linux is essential in the area of device driver platform. Device driver plays a vital role of both hardware and software. For making these terms in bridge connectivity for the purpose of reliable data transfer Multi-tasking is most important to run the task in perfect scheduling process with a minimized time. Kernel development is necessary criteria to implement perfect scheduling process. Perfect scheduler will raise total gain of a system Boot loader in an initial loading Period of hardware. For any critical application in minimum time period, Total size of a kernel will be reduced. Parallel operation of multithreading can run sequentially in a hardware module. The aim about this project is to implement Real Time strategy of kernel development. In order to the reduced kernel size, Boot loader time, Boot loader Size with execution of multi-threading are the important execution terms. Configuration of raspberry Pi Processor in various commands sets in Embedded Linux by enabling of Wi-Fi Device by scratch process of various units in hardware. More number of devices can be accessed without any problem enabling N number of connections. The development of a kernel is finally changed into an image. That Backup structure will enabled by the Core-image-minimal process. Implementations of the bit bake execution to form an image configuration. Finally a pure kernel with a Device Driver bride module is done.

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The pneumatic system has gained a large amount of importance in last few decades. This importance is due to its accuracy and cost. This convenience in operating the pneumatic system has made us to design and fabricate this unit as our project. This unit, as we hope that it can be operated easily with semi-skilled operators. The pneumatic press tool has an advantage of working in low pressure, that is even a pressure of 6 bar is enough for operating the unit. The pressurized air passing through the tubes to the cylinder, forces the piston out whose power through the linkage is transmitted to the punch. The work piece thus got is for required dimensions and the piece can be collected through the land clearance provided in the die. The die used in this is fixed such that the die of required shape can be used according to the requirement. This enables us to use different type punch dies resulting in a wide range of products. Different types of punch as requirement can be thus got. According to the work material the operating pressure can be varied.

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This paper describes a framework for a driving assistance via smart phone. Many automobile drivers are aware of the driving behaviors and habits that can lead to ineffective and insecure driving. However, it is often the case that these same drivers unintentionally exhibit these ineffective and insecure driving behaviors in their daily driving activity. This paper proposes a convenient and practical way to capture and alert drives of ineffective and insecure driving. The proposed solution consists of a mobile application, running on a modern smart phone device, paired with a compatible OBD-II (On-board diagnostics II) protocol.

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License plate recognition is an important issue in Intelligent Traffic System (ITS). It utilizes Image processing and Pattern recognition technologies. In this paper, we had built an algorithm in MATLAB that will extract information from an image. It should be able to identify English capital letters (A-Z), numbers (0-9), Dash (-), and Blank space from the image. We tried to adopt a very simple yet natural flowchart to develop our algorithm. Firstly, we would convert true color image into binary image. Secondly, by using Filtering we would convert the binary image into binary filtered image to remove the unnecessary information and then by using image processing Toolbox, we tried to figure it out the connected components in the binary filtered image. Lastly, using the correlation coefficient, the function identifies each letter from the license plate image.

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Driver’s distraction has become an important safety concern, due to the use of in vehicle information systems such as mobile phones, GPRS and satellite radios. To overcome this problem we need to reduce such distractions and adapt in vehicle systems accordingly. The existing physiological signal monitoring systems have the ability to only record the signals without automatic analysis. However, biomedical signal monitoring systems are advanced with automatic analysis. In our proposed topic of brain computer interface (BCI) system that can acquire and analyze electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in real-time to monitor human physiological and cognitive states, which in turn provides warning signals to the user during danger. The BCI system has 5 units, bio signal acquisition/amplification unit, a wireless transmission unit, a embedded signal processing unit, a host system for data storage and real-time display, and a warning device are been implemented and integrated into the system to close the loop of BCI system.

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MANETs differs from a direct connection Network. A Mobile Adhoc network is a collection of independent mobile nodes that can communicate to each other via radio waves. there is no fixed infrastructure. all the nodes are equal and there is no centralized control or overview that is it self-organizingand adaptive. AOMDV is computing multiple loop-free paths per route discovery with multiple redundant paths available the protocol switches route to a different path when an earlier path fail.Load balancing and energy efficient are recognized as a issue in ad hoc network. Several routing protocol have been proposed in order either to distributed equitably the workload among the nodes of network or to consume in efficient work to residual energy of nodes. Routing protocol by considering the node capacity for relaying the data packet to the destination. Both the workload and remaining energy of node depend on the node capacity.

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In our project, a robotic platform along with a stepper motor which continuously rotate in 360 degree direction fitted with ultrasonic sensors is used to automatically locate and aim at a stationary target and moving target at a pre-defined range. This project uses radio frequency bands i.e. RF transmitter by sending a specific command to RF Receiver and motor drive IC to control the movement of Robot in various direction. We prefer ultrasonic sensor to IR sensor because the Ultrasonic sensors covers larger sensing distance and it can detect the target in all the lighting conditions (day or night).This project is divided in 3 part RF Transmitter, RF Receiver, and microcontroller. The Radio Frequency based control proves to be more advantageous compared to the Infrared Red based control that limits the operating range to only a few meters of distance.

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the idea behind this project is to help the citizens of a municipal corporation to register their complaints about day to day problems in their ward through a mobile application. The application will provide a common man to deliver his complaints and problems to municipal authority as well as let the municipal authorities to address the issue as soon as possible. This application provides an interface to register one’s complained and follow it up. This interface provide a camera module which help clicking up a picture of any generalized problem that people are facing and will upload this photo along with the complaint. The location of complaint is tracked by Global Positioning System (GPS).this module provides exact location of that particular issue. This complaint, once registered, will be redirected to specific department of Municipal Corporation for example; a complaint about damaged road will be redirected to PWD department. This application is a state of art complaint management system tuned for organizations across a wide spectrum of Government departments. Public sector enterprises and private establishments. It is a single point web and mobile based complaint management system linking all departments in an organization could take administration efficiency to the next level.One of the key features in this is the provision for citizens/cosumers/employees to lodge complaints / grievances using their mobile phones with a software application specially designed to file complaints. Complaint can also be filed through a web complaint , telephone and traditional writing letters can be integrated in this application.

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In this present work, a low-power flip-flop (FF) design featuring an explicit type pulse-triggered structure and a modified true single phase clock (TSPC) latch based on a signal feed-through scheme a review is presented. Proposed design successfully solves the long discharging path problem in conventional explicit type pulse-triggered flip-flop (P-FF) designs and achieves better speed and power performance. On the bases of post-layout simulation results using CMOS 90-nm technology, the signal feed-through design (SFTD) outperforms the conventional pulse flip-flop (FF) design data-close-to-output (ep-DCO) by 8.2% in data-to- Q delay. In the meantime, the performance edges on power- delay-product (PDP) and power metrics are 22.7% and 29.7%, respectively.

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Mutation testing works on seeding faults into the program using mutation operators. These faulty programs are known as mutants. Test suites are applied on these mutants to recognize if they are killed or not. Test suite that kill mutants are said to be adequate. Sometimes, it is difficult to kill all the mutants because of equivalent mutants. Equivalent mutants are the mutants syntactically different and semantically similar to the original program. In this paper some heuristics have been proposed to avoid equivalent mutant problems.

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A programmable logic controller (PLC) is extremely useful in industrial process automation and it is a developing field which integrates electrical and electronics. This paper discusses the designing of a micro PLC which will cost lesser than the market price of standard PLCs for the sake of training college students. PLC’s available in most labs cannot be interfaced with an encoder so the aim shall be designing one that can be interfaced with an encoder.

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Reassembling of Image fragment problems arises in many scientific field like archeology, forensics and many other. To solve such a problem of reassembling of image fragments by human intervention takes a lot time. And sometimes it might be costlier. To overcome this problem, we are working on a system which will automatically reassemble those image fragments to form original image. With the help of 2D image fragment and contour detection algorithms we can make an efficient use of this system. Reassembling technique is divided into four types. Initially content based image retrieval system is use to identify spatially adjacent fragment. The second step is dynamic programming technique to identify matching contour segment. Third step is to identify optimal transformation to align matching contour segment and last step is overall image reassembling. With the help of these algorithms an optimal transformation in contour can be detected. Doing automation in such work will certainly help in faster, more efficient and patiently reassembling this image fragments.

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A connecting rod is an engine member which is subjected to alternating direct compressive and tensile forces. Since the compressive forces are much higher than the tensile force, therefore the cross-section of the connecting rod is designed as a different cross section and the rankine formula is used. A connecting rod subjected to a cyclic as well as axial load W may buckle with x-axis as neutral axis in the plane of rotation of the connecting rod, or y-axis is a neutral axis In our analysis, Ansys Static Structural and Linear Buckling was used a model was developed on NX-5. In order to verify the present Ansys model, the slenderness ratio and the critical buckling stress, radius of gyration are compared with the available experimental results present in the literature and the design of X-section connecting rod having different shank cross section width.i.e.26mm,25mm,24mm,23mm,22mm. In this analysis, the simulations of X-section connecting rod at static load of 64.7 KN and the configurations of connecting rod I-section and X-section design are proposed. The results show that converting I-section to X-cross section could reduce the slenderness ratio and increase a radius of gyration simultaneously. The slenderness ratio of the X-section is lower than that of I-section at the static load due to this strength and durability of connecting rod increases. In this analysis an X-section have higher strength than I-section.

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Autonomous Farmer Assistance Bot is an intelligent model for daily farming activities. It has the ability to perform functions which are cumbersome for farmers. It can clean the weeds which is a threat to crops along with it can sow seeds and reap the harvest. These activi-ties seem simple to the human being but they are a challenge for a robot to do it. The Pick-Pluck-Plant algorithm is used in to do the specific tasks. Sensors play an important role in its functioning. We have chosen the Sharp IR sensors and IR proximity sensors for environment sensing. Efforts are made to perform image processing and real time data analysis using a camera mounted on its top.

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Application-level web security refers to obligation inherent in the code of a web-application itself. few months ago application-level vulnerabilities have been exploited with serious consequences: hackers have good knowledge of e-commerce sites into shipping goods for no charge, usernames and passwords have been harvested and confidential information has been leaked. In this paper we introduce new tools and techniques which address the problem of application-level web security. (i) We describe a scalable structuring mechanism facilitating the abstraction of security policies from large web-applications developed in heterogeneous multi-platform environments. (ii) In that present a tool which assists programmers develop secure applications which are resilient to a wide range of common attacks. (iii) The report results and experience arising from our implementation of these techniques.

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In this paper, we introduce the concept of Anti fuzzy p-ideals of TM-algebras, lower level cuts of a fuzzy set, lower level p-ideal and prove some results. We show that a fuzzy subset of a TM-algebra is a p-ideal if and only if the complement of this fuzzy subset is an anti-fuzzy p-ideal. Also we discussed few results of p-ideal of TM-algebra under homomorphism as well as anti-homomorphism. Cartesian product of Anti fuzzy p-ideal also discussed.

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