Cloud computing involves group of remote servers and software networks that allows online access to computer services or resources and centralized data storage. It enables the users and the consumers to use various applications provided by the cloud provider. The scheduling algorithm is employed for the purpose of mapping the requests of users to the appropriate resources available. One of the most challenging problems in Cloud computing is the scheduling the problem of minimizing the cost of task executions. In this paper, different types of scheduling algorithms have been surveyed and comparison based on various parameters has been made.

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Engine performance improvement and exhaust emissions reduction are the two most important issues to develop a more efficient engine with less environmental impact. For diesel engine piston geometry, injection timing and injection pressure are one of the major parameters that affect the engine performance and emissions. These issues can be sought out by geometry modification of piston and variation of pressure. In this study, engine performance improvement and exhaust emissions reduction was carried out with the help of some modification in piston bowl in a single cylinder Direct Injection (DI) diesel engine. The piston bowl geometry was modified to have piston-B (Hemisphere Combustion Chamber With Circular Arc on Periphery of Piston Crown @ 120°) from the standard piston-A(Hemispherical open type Combustion Chamber).The test result shows that Brake Specific Fuel Consumption was decrease by 5.98% and brake thermal efficiency was increase by 1.93% with piston B at 185 bar pressure when compare with the baseline of engine. Due to the expense of increase the exhaust gas temperature (EGT) and oxide of nitrogen (NOX) emission by 4.52% and 4.22% respectively. The exhaust gas emission of hydrocarbon (HC) was decrease by 2.12%and carbon monoxide (CO) was similar to the baseline condition.

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This paper compares the studies on supporting nurse scheduling. This comparison is based on theoretical quality aspects of nursing schedules. The first concept shows the theoretical quality aspects. The next concept discusses the application of these theoretical quality aspects in practice. This is done by comparing several distinct approaches to developing nurse scheduling support systems. This discussion shows that none of these approaches succeeds in applying all quality aspects. This process ends by describing a new approach to supporting nurse scheduling, which aims to apply all theoretical quality aspects.

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Usage of digital media has witnessed a wonderful growth during the last decades, as a result of their notable benefits in efficient storage, ease of manipulation and transmission. In the last five years the protection of digital information has received significant attention within the digital media community, and a number of techniques that try to address the problem by hiding appropriate information within digital media have been proposed. Image Security persists in many operational contexts till up this day: an encrypted e-mail message between an employee of a defines contractor and the embassy of aggressive power, for example, may have obvious implications. So the study of communications security includes not just encryption but also traffic security, whose essence lies in hiding information. Data information hiding is a multidisciplinary discipline that combines image and signal processing with cryptography, communication theory, coding theory, signal compression, and the theory of visual and audio perception. One of the more interesting sub disciplines of information hiding is steganography. Differently from cryptography that is about protecting the content of messages steganography is about concealing their existence. Several techniques to hide information are presented, terminology and possible related attacks, with specific attention on steganography and copyright schemes. In my major work describes a watermark embedding technique for images using discrete fractional Fourier transform. The idea is that a discrete fractional Fourier transform of the image is computed, the robust watermark and fragile watermark embed in the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) domain of the image, and the watermark position and the transform order are used as the encryption keys. My proposed results indicate the embedded watermark is perceptually invisible and robust also compare with the discrete Fourier transform based method along with various image processing operations.

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Face recognition has so many problems like to identify an image robustly of a human face. It also gives databases of some known faces. We use Viola-Jones algorithm for face detection and SURF based approach for face recognition. The principle behind the Viola-Jones algorithm is to scan a sub-window. To rescale the input image to different sizes and then after run the fixed size detector by using these images the standard image processing approach would be. It is time consuming approach because of the calculation of the different size images. On the Contrary by using the standard approach like Viola-Jones detector which is used for rescale instead of the input image and to run the detector many times by using the image – each time with a different size. Both approaches are equally time consuming, but Viola-Jones is a scale invariant detector which requires the same number of calculations of any size. This detector is constructed by using integral image and by using some simple rectangular features of Haar wavelets. This concept represents a scale-invariant and a novel rotation detector and descriptor known as SURF (Speeded-Up Robust Features). SURF is used to perform previously defined schemes with respect to repeatability, robustness and distinctiveness. It is more computing and comparing can be much faster. It is done through on integral images for image convolutions; by making the strengths of the leading existing detectors and descriptors (using a Hessian matrix-based measure for the use of detector, and a descriptor which is distribution-based). It gives result of combination of novel detection and description. This concept shows an overview of the detector and descriptor and then finds out the effects of the most important parameters. This paper uses SURF’s application to two challenging. It achieves such goals like camera calibration which is a special case of image registration and recognition of objects. By this experiment we can say that SURF is very fast and used for image recognition.

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today image compression and encryption has been a great area of interest since images are being used as one of the most valable information source in many areas like medical, information technology, rocket science application and many more. There are mainly types of image are three namely binary, grayscale and color image. Binary image has only two intensity levels black and white, on other hand grayscale images have 256 intensity levels and at last color images have various color map each of which have 256 intensity levels. Our scope is limited up to only grayscal images. The methodology here we used for image compression and encryption is by using scan pattern which is an algorithm which is capable of doing both and encryption as well as compression of an image simultaneously. It is a method applied on binary images. The methodology is applied on grayscale sample images, by dividing the grayscale image into its corresponding bit planes. Aim of the algorithm here is to find a scan path which is capable to compress an image using least bits required. To compression an image we are using run-length coding. The encryption is done also done by using a scan path which is kept secretly and we can use it to generate key and our key length is 232 bits we is much more capable to encrypt the image and is there is any variation in key it will result in failure to get original image which shows the robustness of the algorithm.

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This paper proposes the comparison of Active Power Filtering (APF) and Inductive Active Filtering (IAF) which in turns improves the Power Quality for not only the distribution network i.e.; Public Grid but also the Non-Linear Loads i.e.; Power Supply systems. At first, main circuit topology for implementing IAF method which consists of Inductively Filtered Converter Transformer connected with non-linear Load and Fully Tuned Branch which can be controlled through the inverter. Initially the mechanism of the APF is done through the technical features. Based on this the mathematical model is built and equivalent circuit is established with the filtering mechanism for IAF method. Then the designing of the Controller loop of Fully Tuned branch is configured. For the three phase supply system, results are compared for APF and IAF. Hence the harmonics can be reduced. The Power Quality improvement of Distribution Network can be done for three phase diodes controlled by fully tuned branch is Simulated using MATLAB/ Simulink to make the grid current sinusoidal.

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The most challenging and emerging field now days is the Medical Image Processing. For safe and appropriate treatment of the tumor, proper diagnosing of the brain tumor is very important. The growth of tumor interrupts the normal brain activity and takes up a significant amount of space within the skull. So detecting the tumor at an early stage is essential. This paper reviews an automated way to detect the brain tumor. Firstly, image preprocessing is done to remove any noise and sharpen the image. Then the bounding box method is used for detecting the tumor. In the end, thresholding is done to segment the tumor portion from the brain image.

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The excess use of gasoline and other major fuels in I.C engines releases unburnt gases in the environment and are counted in the major sources of pollution, compressed air engine can be used for cleaner, pollution free travel. The project is been focused on piston of compressed air engine and to compare it with the conventional I.C engine. In present study the Hero Honda kinetic dx(two stroke petrol) engine is been taken. From this engine reverse engineering is been done to make models of piston CREO 2.0. 100cc petrol engine will convert in pneumatic engine with help of pneumatic equipments. New design geometry is been made for piston, cylinder, cylinder head in CREO for pneumatic engine. Dynamic analysis of piston is been done in ANSYS for both IC engine and for pneumatic engine.

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Fibres are generally used as resistance of cracking and strengthening of concrete. According to various research papers, it has been found that steel fibres give the maximum strength in comparison to other fibres. Fibre reinforced concrete has been successfully used in slab, beam, shotcrete, footing, hydraulic structure, structures in seismic regions and many other applications. The main objective of this research work is to study the effect of carbon steel fibre reinforcement with different percentage of fibre 0 %, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% by volume for M-25 grade of concrete with aspect ratio-50. The carbon steel fibre reinforced concrete will be tested for compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength. The percentage increase through utilization of carbon steel fibres will be reported.

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The concrete properties can be enhanced in many ways as per the requirements of it. Mainly, concrete possesses enough compressive resisting capacity but has negligible tensile strength. Moreover, the low resistance to cracking leads concrete to failure by enlarging cracks and due to low ductility the sudden failure occurs, which are not the good signs for concrete. The fibre reinforced concrete is helpful for the enhancement in terms of strength and resulting in the exceptional concrete. This research work focuses on the consideration of the basalt fibre in various percentages in concrete having a specified range for the exploratory concrete work. This research work is done to examine the effect of basalt fibre incorporation with discrete percentages such as 0%, 0.25%, 0.40% and 0.55% by weight of cement for the grade of M-25 concrete. The optimum dosage of basalt fibre concrete is carried out amongst the taken various percentages. The compressive strength test, flexural strength test and split tensile strength test was done for this research work.

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This system is use to find out the conveyance location when met with an accident utilizing GPS, ADXL sensor to give indication to release air bag and sending message for avail utilizing GSM.. The GSM module explicates mainly about how ADXL sensor is coalesced with the system, vibration sensor is acclimated to achieve concise message accommodation .The shortcoming of traditional systems including low security and small alarming range is defeat, so it should have good appliance prospects. Conveyance tracking system is one of the latest topics in embedded systems industry, where a conveyance can be tracked anywhere in the world. Here ARM LPC1768 communicates with GPS module and GSM modem. This would be placed in a moving conveyance. The ARM LPC1768 will poll GPS module in prefixed intervals and sends the conveyance location information like Latitude & Longitude to central station over GSM network. Whenever any accident occurs, then the ADXL sensor detects the vibration of the conveyance and sends mechanical force to ARM LPC1768. Utilizing GPS, we will get particular location where accident occurs, and then GSM sends message to sanctioned members.

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The top most successful companies are able to find, the best people in market. They are having well qualified employees and results and increasing their productivity, but they can’t able to find those people who and easy method. If the HR side needs to do different methods in order to find a person with the good and right skills, knowledge and experience to fill vacancy places. This is called Time-Consuming process where we are doing manual process and it is required to coordinate so many peoples in many stages. In Business Process Management and Notation, that offers a new template of the Requirement Selection Process Management to assist the companies in this type of process. When it begins a Personnel Requisition is done, if it is made by HRA (Human Resources Analyst). The person who done the request do not have the authority level, to allow them, for the process will go on to Accept the Request. This includes two various processes, like Jobs Vacancy Advertisement and Selection. The opportunity to improve and responsibilities and redefine roles in an area. The positive effect to achieve it’s necessary to find the correct person to fill it out. It is not an easy process to complete the task, as it needs to create advertising and It gets the attention of the peoples who can contribute the development of not only the areas, but also the company. It is very important not only to create a great advertisement and also to choose the correct medium to publish it. If it is a wrong decision can lead to loss the valuable candidates. At the end of the requirement process and begin at the starting selection process, it is necessary to sort the candidates who are all didn’t meet the job requirements in the order to save their time and resources in the process Management.

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A Gene for the network packet is defined through the fitness function and the method to calculate the fitness function is explained. After giving a stress in attacks, an analysis is provided & finally the best policy using a comparator is found. The Network administrator must rely on process for tracking network configuration and system vulnerabilities, which needs lots of experience and will cause errors. Decision support capabilities makes balance between security and availability and show how best to apply security resources. For evolving and testing new rules for intrusion detection the KDD99 training and testing dataset were used. The main aim of the paper is threat detection, time optimization, performance increase in terms of accuracy and policy automation.

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In order to improve information propagation efficiency, there are couple of ways there to obtain near about accurate information to maintain the traffic. In low density areas, buses collect as much traffic information as possible from cars in their proximity, and periodically disseminate the collected information to neighboring cars. Another way is Information dissemination in pure Vehicular Ad Hoc NETworks (VANETs) such as ITS-G5 becomes problematic when the network is sparse. There are couple of more ways which can help out to reduce or maintain the traffic problem.

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This report presents a study of reduction in battery stresses by using super capacitor (SC) in a 500 kVA rated uninterrupted power supply (UPS).In this investigation first, Super Capacitor model developed using MATLAB/Simulink is present and validated. Second, the architecture of the designed system that combines the Super Capacitor and Battery are shown. The Super capacitors are used as high power storage device to smooth the peak power applied to the battery during back up time and deliver full power during short grid outage. By charging SCs through battery at suitable rate, all impulse power demand would be satisfied by the SCs.

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This paper compares the performance of three different routing protocols LEACH, TEEN and APTEEN in the wireless sensor networks. Classification of protocols based on their mode of functioning as proactive, reactive and hybrid protocols. As the wireless sensor networks are made up of tiny energy hungry sensor nodes, the number and type of sensor nodes and the design protocols for any WSNs is application specific. The sensor data in this application may be light intensity, temperature, pressure, humidity and their variations.

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A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a self-organizing temporary autonomous network with set of mobile nodes. MANET provides a platform to host many applications which in turn require rapid development and dynamic reconfiguration. For example defense industry, rescue sites, classrooms, and conventions. These applications lend themselves into multicasting. Multicasting can improve the efficiency of wireless links which is a limited resource by sending multiple copies rather than sending multiple unicast. Thus, it greatly reduces the bandwidth consumption. Hence, scalable and reliable multicast routing is a challenging task due to inherent characteristics of MANET. In the recent past years, many researchers have proposed many multicast routing strategies and they differ by its features and recovery mechanisms. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive study onsome of the existing multicast approaches proposed by the research community with respect to reliable, energy-aware, QoS –supported and secured multicasting.

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A Power factor correction (PFC) converter used to input current track the input voltage so the harmonic of input current is reduced and improved power factor. Non-isolated boost converter is used to improve power factor and regulate the DC link voltage. The series inductor will remove ripple current from next to the rectifier, also Continuous conduction mode (CCM) is obtain with higher values of an inductor. In many industrial PFC applications the major concern of the conventional PFC converter inductor volume and switching losses will affect the efficiency of the converter. In this proposed topology the voltage are boosted and regulate DC link voltage. Hence the CCM mode need to be concern, which is controlled by Closed loop PI (Proposals integral) Controller, i.e. MOSFET and GTO. In this proposal the current is sensed by the Current transformer (CT), and its values taken as reference to the input current.

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— This study on effect of open ground storey on seismic performance of high-rise building current era residential and commercial building need to provide car parking space at ground level populated cities is a matter of major concern. Hence the trend has been to utilize the ground storey of the building itself for parking. “Open Ground Story” (OGS) buildings are those types of buildings in which the ground storey is free of any infill masonry walls. These types of buildings are very common in India for parking provisions.Open ground storey is a common feature in the modern high-rise buildings constructions in India. Most of region of India goes under high seismic regions. This features of high-rise building inherent vulnerable to collapse of structure. Also Indian cities expanding vertically so, higher demand of parking space required increase In that case open ground storey building become critical point for failure of building. Ground-story column, were either damaged severely or failed completely, thereby damaging the buildings due to sudden reduction in lateral stiffness and mass in the ground storey results in higher under seismic loading.For proper assessment ofthe storey stiffness of buildings with soft storey, different modelswere analyzed using ETABS V_9.6.0 software.

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This paper presents the simulation of three phase seven level inverter fed induction motor drive. The poor quality of voltage and current of a conventional inverter fed induction machine is due to the presence of harmonics and hence there is significant level of energy losses. The seven level inverter is used to reduce the harmonics. The inverters with a large number of steps can generate high quality voltage waveforms. The seven levels can follow a voltage reference with accuracy and with the advantage that the generated voltage can be modulated in amplitude instead of pulse-width modulation[2].The simulation of three phase seven level inverter fed induction motor model is done usingmatlab/simulink.The FFT spectrums for the outputs are analyzed to study the reduction in the harmonics[9].

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Regression testing is an expensive and important process of validating modification introduced in a system during software maintenance.A number of regression testing techniquesnamely Retest all, Regression test selection, Test case reduction and Test case prioritization have been proposed to improvethe effectiveness of regression testing.The important concern in regression testing is its cost and execution time. The most familiar technique in regression testing is Test case prioritization that is used to deal with this problem.Test case prioritization techniques order the execution of test cases in an organized manner so as to achieve an objective function with greater efficiency. Many prioritization techniques have been proposed in the literature.This paper attempts to review various multi-objective based test case prioritization techniques.

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To do research and development for generating viewshed analysis on 3D Earth terrain.3D capabilities to be realized directly in a supported web browser without any need for an additional plug-in or extension. A viewshed is an area that is visible from a specific location. A viewshed analysis on 3D Earth terrain will be helpful in understanding and preparing for locate communication towers or to determine the view from a road. In this paper, a study is undertaken to find an approach for viewshed analysis in client-server environment. This paper discusses technologies like WebGL, HTML5, JSP, CesiumJS and Apache Tomcat for achieving 3D viewshed analysis. HTML5 is an open standard format and provides common platform for application to be developed and used on the web. WebGL is an extension of HTML5, which is now widely used for developing web applications requiring 3D visualization.

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This paper presents an impedance-source power converter (abbreviated as Z-source converter) and its control method for implementing dc-to-ac power conversion for both linear and non-linear load. The Z-source inverter utilizing a unique LC network and shoot-through states provides unique features, such as the ability to buck & boost voltage with a single stage structure. The Z-source converter overcomes the conceptual and theoretical barriers and limitations of the traditional voltage-source converter (abbreviated as V-source converter) and current-source converter (abbreviated as I-source converter) and provides a novel power conversion concept. The Z-source concept can be applied to all dc-to-ac, ac-to-dc, ac-to-ac, and dc-to-dc power conversion. To describe the operating principle and control, this paper focuses on an example: A model of z-source inverter fed to linear and non-linear load is built in MATLAB/SIMULINK and its performance is analyzed.

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In dynamic programming-based power scheduling algorithms, thousands of hourly economic dispatches must be performed to consider every possible unit combination over all the stages of the optimization interval. If the unit commitment problem is constrained to observe a minimum system spinning reserve and an economic dispatch of a combination of units does not comply with this requirement, necessary and sufficient conditions have been established to guarantee that the dispatch of these units will meet the constraint. However, these conditions can only be checked for feasibility after a dispatch is performed. In this paper, we present necessary and sufficient conditions for the feasibility of unit combinations that can be checked off-line. That is, before the start of the unit commitment algorithm, and thus before any economic dispatches are performed, thereby rendering a very efficient unit scheduling algorithm in terms of computer memory and execution time. Moreover, these feasibility conditions are independent of the problem formulation and thus can easily be applied to other unit commitment algorithms. Examples are provided to illustrate the efficiency attainable by the implementation of these conditions.

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