Adder plays a major role in electronics, not only in computers but also in many types of digital systems in which the numeric data are processed. In several applications like monetary and business computation requires decimal arithmetic operator to directly process decimal data for accurate computations and hence adder must perform decimal addition. Faster decimal addition can be performed with an embedded world-wide binary adder, leading to considerable hardware sharing with binary input unit. Carry-select technique for the decimal adders can be improved by computing pairs of corrective carry out bits for all decimal positions in parallel. This was performed by the quaternary parallel prefix network and the selection is based on corresponding positional carry-in bits. Carry select sum and Carry select correction block with reduced area than the previous structures is used in this fused binary/decimal adder. Area improvement will reduce the cost and power consumption of the system. Ling adder structure is used in the prefix network for speed improvement.

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Security in data mining, manifestation of countermeasure is the utilization of vast scale data or information analytics to alterably detect a small number of adversaries which are gradually changing. It includes data or information and outcomes related safeguards; and is pertinent over many different domains such as financially, protection, and health. With reference towards security in data mining, there are particular and general issues, however the key discussion and contribution of the paper is tamper resistance. Tamper resistance addresses most sorts of adversaries and changes it to more difficult for an unknown to control or dodge security information mining; and comprises of frequent data or information, specially detection algorithms, and security and confidentiality saving outcomes. In this way, organizations involving security information mining can made better accomplish accuracy for associations, protection for people in the information and confidentiality between associations or organisations which shares the results.

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Jamnagar district is a coastal district of Gujarat. Groundwater hazards identified in the area are inherent salinity of rocks, sea water ingression and chemical pollution of groundwater. Four talukas namely Lalpur, khambhaliya, Bhanvad and kalyanpur of the Jamnagar district have been selected for the ground water vulnerability study using Remote Sensing and GIS techniques. DRASTIC method that is Depth to water table, Net recharge, Aquifer media, Soil media, Topography, Impact of Vadose zone and Hydraulic conductivity (DRASTIC) have been considered and evaluated for assessing ground water hazard vulnerable zones of the study area. Various thematic maps have been prepared and integrated with the geohydrological data in the DRASTIC model for the development of Ground water vulnerability Index Map in GIS environment. Based on Drastic Index, study area has been divided into three ground water vulnerability zones that is Low (<100), Medium (100-140) and High (>140). It indicate that 85.31% area is highly vulnerable, 11.25% medium and 3% low. These classes represent the relative potential of contamination of ground water within the study area. Ground water vulnerability map will help the planner in decision making for the prevention of contamination and development of systematic groundwater management plan.

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Spread Spectrum is wireless communication in which the baseband data is spread over the entire available bandwidth. In the project, data spread is done by Pseudo Chaotic Sequences (PCS). Spread Spectrum is mainly used to overcome the interference problems associated with data transfer systems and to deliver a heightened secure transmission of data. In the project, we specify the design and implementation of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) system with PCS generator. The prototype is generation of 64-bit Chaotic sequences and implementing DSSS system with generated sequences. The length of spreading sequences is extended and the auto correlation and cross correlation properties are verified for the generated sequences. The low cross correlation value reveals that performance of DSSS system with Chaotic sequences is comparatively better than conventional PN sequences.

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The performance of solar water heater can be improved to perform a certain heat transfer duty by heat transfer enhancement techniques. In general, these techniques can be divided into two groups: active and passive techniques. The active techniques require external forces, e.g. electric field, acoustic or surface vibration, etc. The passive techniques require fluid additives or special surface geometries. Curved tapes have been used as one of the passive heat transfer enhancement techniques and are the most widely used techniques in several heat transfer applications. The main categories of heat transfer augmentation involves insetting curved tapes, helically coiled tapes, spirally coiled rods, other coiled tubes and also using fins are studied and analyzed to determine the optimum technique for a solar water heater by improving the convective heat transfer between the circular pipe and water medium. Simulations were carried out using commercial CFD software ANSYS FLUENT 14.0.

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The UWB radio over optical fiber technology (UWB RoF) is a novel technology for the transmission of UWB signals by using an optical carrier propagating through an optical fiber. In this approach, the UWB RF signal itself is superimposed on the optical CW carrier. This strategy makes the conversion process transparent to the UWB's modulation method, and also transparency feature allows avoiding the high costs of additional electronic components required for synchronization and other processes. RoF has an ability to carry the signal several ten of kilometres but this transmission is limited by several optical impairment. In this paper , comparison between the Q-factor of transmitted signal before passing the filter and after passing the filter has been focused.

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Fingerprints are the oldest and most extensively used form of biometric recognition. A fingerprint is that the pattern of ridges and valleys on the surface of the tip. The uniqueness of a fingerprint is solely determined by the native ridge characteristics and their relationships. The most vital ridge characteristics, known as trivia, are ridge ending and ridge bifurcation. The performance of a fingerprint recognition system is possessed with the collection of fingerprint pictures. This poses a tangle for the fingerprint image as the image quality is usually low. As a result, fingerprint structures like trivialities and ridges might not be clearly visible to the human eye of a fingerprint examiner, nor to the machine eye of automatic matching systems. This paper deals with the problem of choice of associate optimum rule for fingerprint matching so as to style a system that matches needed specifications in performance and accuracy. This paper provides varieties of fingerprint recognition techniques like Spectral Image Validation and Verification (SIVV), Fuzzy Neuro-genetic approach, cascaded scheme, alignment-based elastic matching algorithm which increases the recognition rate and reduce the processing time.

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New opportunities have been explored in social, business, entertainment and scientific fields due to the development of high speed computer networks and that of, internet in particular. Absurdly, the cause for the development is apprehensive because of the use of digital formatted data. Digital media has several advantages over analog media such as easy editing high fidelity copying and high quality. Software products which hide information within digital audio, images and video files have been introduced to address these growing concerns. Digital watermarking is one of the data hiding techniques. The watermarking is the process of embedding a signal in to other signal robustly and invisibly at the same time, the embedded signal is called watermark and the other signal is called cover or host signal. In this paper we are presents a brief overview of digital image watermarking techniques in time and transform domain, advantages of transform (frequency) domain over time domain techniques and proposed a watermarking algorithm in transform domain by using the discrete wavelet transform.

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A memory-efficient and faster interleaver implementation technique for MIMO-OFDM communication systems on FPGA. The IEEE 802.16 standard is used as a reference for simulation, implementation, and analysis. The main aim is to design interleaver for various modulation schemes like BPSK,QPSK,16QAM,64 QAM. The interleaver plays a important role in improving performance of EFC codes.The interleaver design is divided in to two parts as address generator and interleaver memory.The finite state machine baesd interleaver shows the better performance like maximum frequency and FPGA resources utilization as compared previous FPGA techniques. Interleaver is implemented using xilinix ISE and simulation results are presented The hardware model is implemented on FPGA kit spratan 3.

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As applications in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are evolving, congestion control remains an open and, in several cases, a critical problem. A lot of research has been performed on this issue and two general approaches seem to be the most prominent for its solution: traffic control and resource control. Each of these two methods present specific advantages and disadvantages under different scenarios. In this paper we present HRTC, Efficient HRTC the basic design of HRTC is based on the fact that the conditions in WSNs are possible to change then and there. It is possible for a densely deployed network to initially exist, but after some time this to transform into a network full of routing holes or disconnected parts either due to network issues, like heavy traffic. In either case, the target of this work is to find a solution that maximizes the efficiency of the network in terms of throughput and lifetime, using effectively the available network resources. The application this congestion control methods is to reduce the congestion completely. Hence, we propose a hybrid algorithm that aims to exhibit only the positive advantage of both individual methods. In this algorithm, when a node faces congestion, it attempts to inform the source node from which it receives packets with the lowest data rate, to suppress its data rate. To achieve this, it transmits a BPM to the source. We choose to limit the transmission of the source node with the lowest data rate because we prefer to keep serving the nodes with higher data rate(s) in order to affect throughput the least. When BPM receives the source node it lower its data rate. In this paper there are three algorithms called traffic control (TC), resource control (RC) and advanced hybrid technique. These three parameters/ algorithms are used to control congestion in a wireless sensor networks.

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Currency denomination recognition is one of the basic tasks in our day to day transactions. However, it is difficult for blind people to identify the currency. Therefore automated recognition of currency denomination system would be of great significance to relieve their agony. In this paper a robust framework for Indian currency note recognition which would effectively recognize the various Indian currency denominations (10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000) thus benefiting the visually impaired and also counterfeit detection of currency. Here firstly preprocess the image of currency notes acquired by a digital camera and then extract and analyze three unique features of each denomination while considering complexities caused by degradation of color and dimension of notes due to wear and tear and handling. Based on these unique and discriminating features, classify and recognize of these currency notes can be done. The experimentation results showed good classification results and the success-rate of the counterfeit detection with properly captured image is 100%. An audio feedback is given for every test case scenarios.

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Speaker Identification is the task of claiming a speaker’s identity based on the characteristics contained in the voice signal. The identification is done by dividing the task in two phases named Feature Extraction and Feature Identification. Various methods are available for extraction of a voice signal such as Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs), Linear Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (LFCCs), Linear Predictive Cepstral Coefficients (LPCC), Perceptual Linear Prediction Cepstral Coefficients (PLPCCs) etc. Similarly, modern methods available for identification include Vector Quantization (VQ), Hidden Markov Model (HMM), Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) etc.In this paper, based on our survey on the grounds of noise reduction, computational time, accuracy and efficiency, we propose that an MFCC-GMM model is best suited for identifying a speaker.

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The Smart Society Concept is Innovate business concept owned by S2A Smart Society Pvt Ltd. The Smart Society is unison of Social networking – for society, family & friends. Society management and E-commerce platform. It helps the society member to buy the daily necessary product through the site. This concept beautifully covers need and communication among society member, family and friends as old Indian traditions missing in current isolated society living. The smart society Platform is developed using Current Web technology. The Solution includes heavy data analytics and algorithms to make ease of use and host on cloud space.

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The Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a concept base on wireless medium and straightforward to establish and having dynamic topology. The mobile Ad-hoc networks are exposed to various networks attacks because MANET operational environment is open and dynamic or live. MANET uses the Routing protocols for data transfer. Malicious node is the one type of mobile node but its work is completely different compared to normal Mobile nodes. Malicious nodes have capability to change or remove Routing Information. Now a day’s attackers are trying to effect servers and networks with DOS (Denial of Service)attack. We have shown a implementation of DOS attack process and it prevention process in AODV routing environment. Malicious or selfish node carries attacks on the networks so it directly effects to the routing Performance. We have measured throughput, end to end delay and packet Delivery ratio.

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The objective of my project is to the new technology termed as “baking process” to remove the moisture content available in the particular electronics devices which is used in Rea time industrial application. In Industries there are certain policies are maintained for semiconductor devices, which referred as “Shelf life” of the material. Once it crossed its lifetime, some process need to done to extend this. Depends on the moisture sensitive characteristics baking is employed mainly to shelf life extension. The Baking is the process of removing of moisture content from particular semiconductor device in order to effective usage in the production line. In my propose method the moisture content is measured by corresponding moisture sensor. If it is normal level the processor goes to the normal state, If it is reaches the abnormal level (presence of moisture) the processor baked the product. Temperature and humidity sensors are effectively monitor and provide the signal to the processor. The UTLP kit provide the information about the status of the product.

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A Multi hop Wireless Ad-hoc Network is a self-configuring network collected of mobile nodes with mesh and tree topology. Now a days Energy efficiency is a big problem of Multi hop Wireless Ad-hoc Network as the mobile nodes depends on the battery power for their functionality and battery if soon used without being optimized for best use then it might be possible that we are not getting the best output in terms of network survivability. This paper presents the energy conservation technique using the enhanced AODV energy efficient routing protocols in multi hop wireless networks to maximizing the life time of networks which is given a name SSEEA. This SSEEA protocol use energy optimal routes to reduce the energy consumption of nodes.

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Turbo codes can be achieved by parallel concatenation of two or more codes. These codes have been the subject of intense research as they are producing results very close to the theoretical limits set by Shannon. These are forward error correction (FEC) codes developed within Shannon limits. These codes have been successfully implemented in 3G mobile systems and satellite communication systems as well as other applications where designer seek to achieve reliable information transfer over bandwidth or latency constrained communication link in the presence of noise that can cause errors in the transmitted information. In this paper work is outlined using recursive convolutional encoder with fixed constraint length and block interleaver with different modulation schemes such a BPSK,QPSK,QAM to modulate the data and then this data is transferred using Rayleigh channel with additive white Gaussian noise and viterbi iterative decoding algorithm is used at decoding process. The focus of the work in this paper is based on the performance of turbo codes in terms of bit error rate (BER) vs Eb/N0. Then comparison of these techniques is done. This whole system is simulated using MATLAB.

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Application sophisticated yet easy-to-use online scheduling software will raise your revenues by turning website visitors into confirmed appointments. This apparatus is for arrangement planning and client relationship administration, and additionally for specialist, course, and undertaking booking. As opposed to purchasing, introducing and looking after arrangements, organizations can change to our internet booking arrangements. For little organizations that mean colossal expense investment funds in HR generally expected to keep up complex programming establishments.

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Concrete is widely used in structural engineering with its high compressive strength, low cost and abundant raw material. But common concrete has some shortcomings, for example, low tensile and flexural strength, poor toughness, high brittleness, and so on that restrict its application. To overcome these deficiencies, additional materials are added to improve the performance of concrete. The main purpose of this experimental investigation is to study the behaviour of Hot Weather Concrete (HWC). In this investigation HWC was manufactured by usual ingredients such as cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water and mineral admixtures such as Fly ash at replacement level of 5 % by weight of cement and manufacture sand is 50 % replaced by fine aggregate. The amount of CERA PLAST Super Plasticizer is added in the concrete is in the range of 0.25 %, 0.5 % and 1.0 % by volume of concrete. The water cement ratio adopted is 0.45. Specimens such as cubes, cylinders and prisms were cast and tested for above mixes viz. The mechanical properties of concrete such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete is tested at 7, 14 and 28 curing days.

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Denial- of- Service (DoA) attacks are a critical threat to the Internet. It is very laborious to trace back the attackers for the reason that of memory less feature of the web routing mechanism. In this result, there's no effective and economical technique to handle this issue. In this project, traces back of the attackers are efficiently identified and also to protect the data from the attackers using Multivariate Correlation Analysis (MCA) by estimate accurate network traffic characterization. MCA based DoA threat detection system employs the principle of anomaly-based detection in attack recognition. This makes our resolution capable of detective work glorious and unknown DoA attacks effectively by learning the patterns of legitimate network traffic merely. In Proposed, we use a peculiar trace reverse method for DoA attacks that is based on MCA between normal and DoA attack traffic, which is basically differs from commonly used packet marking techniques. This technique is employed to spot the attackers with efficiency and supports an oversized quantifiability. Furthermore, a triangle-areabased technique is used to enhance and to speed up the process of MCA. This technique is applied to bang the attackers in an exceedingly wide sSection of network that was a lot of economical and shield the info from the attackers.

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Social networks are very popular for sharing photos, videos, or messages. In the future, they will not only be used for the exchange of data, but also of services. Social network platforms have rapidly changed the way that people communicate and interact. They have enabled the establishment of, and participation in, digital communities as well as the representation, documentation and exploration of social relationships. We believe that as ‘apps’ become more sophisticated, it will become easier for users to share their own services, resources and data via social networks. However, as users may have complex preference structures concerning with whom they do or do not wish to share their resources, we investigate, via simulation, how resources can be effectively allocated within a social community offering resources on a best effort basis. In the assessment of social resource allocation, we consider welfare, allocation fairness, and algorithmic runtime. The key findings of this work illustrate how social networks can be leveraged in the construction of cloud computing infrastructures and how resources can be allocated in the presence of user sharing preferences.

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In the present global scenario, a huge emphasis is laid on efficiency and emissions and with respect to a thermal power plant the condenser is one important auxiliary equipment whose vacuum is one of the critical parameters which is often overlooked and has a vast impact on the plant performance even with a seemingly inconsiderable deviation from the optimum value. The demands placed on utility generating units are very significant and therefore at the Tata Power thermal power plant the purpose of this study was to identify all the factors which affect the condenser performance. With reference to the ideal Carnot heat engine, a lower sink temperature provides for a better work output and therefore the cooling tower performance also plays an integral role and is thus also included in the ambit of this study. The improvements were precisely quantified which occurred after the scheduled maintenance outage. The result of this study provides for methods to achieve better performance and sustainability through certain operational methods and retrofitting, while simultaneously meeting all the demands imposed.

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Energy requirements for the developing countries in particular are met from coal -based thermal power plants. The disposal of the increasing amounts of solid waste from coal -fired thermal power plants is becoming a serious concern to the environmentalists. Coal ash, 80% of which is very fine in nature and is thus known as fly ash is collected by electrostatic precipitators in stacks. In India, nearly 90 mt of fly ash is generated per annum at present and is largely responsible for environ-mental pollution. In developed countries like Germany, 80% of the fly ash generated is being utilized, whereas in India only 3% is being consumed. This article attempts to highlight the manage-ment of fly ash to make use of this solid waste, in order to save our environment.

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Power and performance have become the predominant concern for chip designers in deep submicron technology due to the continuous scale down of the device for satisfying the Moore’s law which state that the number of transistor per chip will be double in every eighteen month. When the channel length shrinks, the absolute value of threshold voltage become smaller due to the reduced controllability of the gate over the channel depletion region by increasing charge sharing from source/drain which results in the increase in sub threshold leakage current exponentially, so the static power dissipation increased. In the deep submicron technology CMOS power dissipation plays a vital rule. Various comprehensive studies on leakage power minimization technique have been studied in this paper focusing on circuit performance parameter.

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The current practices in the industry of Prefilled syringes employs a manual transfer of filled Syringes from filling unit to syringe and therefore is a cumbersome practice, time consuming, and due to the involvement of the human element is a unhygienic practice. These limitations have serious repercussions on the use of the medicine and in delivering the right amount of dosage of medicine to the patient. It is to be noted that right amount of the medicine to the patient is a very important aspect as it effects the patient’s life. Therefore there is an important need to automate the process of the syringe filling and sealing as well transfer from filling unit to the syringe unit wherein multiple syringe can be simultaneously be filled and packaged into a clean and hygienic medical device. This Dissertation brings about the details of the Design and development of prefilled syringe filling and stoppering Machine then automate the process of filling by using a programmable logic controlled. This works also highlight the development of 3D Computer Aided Model and stress analysis of few components included in the PFS system.

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