Indoor positioning systems have gained popularity for supporting location-specific services in indoor environments. Indoor positioning technology highlights the inefficiency of global positioning system inside a closed environment for example, buildings. GPS does not perform well in urban areas where there will be lot of buildings, wall, tree and underground structures. The signal from the GPS satellites is too weak to penetrate the building structure so it makes GPS unusable for indoor localization. Based on above facts this paper aims to brief readers regarding various method for indoor positioning and technological advances in this field.

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In this communication world, to convey thought/information, communication must be necessary. While doing this, the thought/information should be kept in a secret way. In the military application, the lag of secrecy have a chance to destroy the world too. With the help of hash function, the security can be achieved; by the same time the world can also be protected. The most common cryptographic uses hash functions. The hash functions are used for digital signatures and data integrity. A hash function is a function that takes some message of any length as input and transforms it into a fixed length output called a hash value/digest. There are many well-known hash functions; some of them include SHA-1, SHA-2 and SHA-3. SHA-3 performs the best operations than SHA-2 and SHA-1. QUARK, a family of SHA-3 is taken. It runs a sequential code in parallel on a multi-core architecture. Hence the maximum speed may be obtained. QUARK has the family of U-QUARK, D-QUARK and S-QUARK. They were differs in the value of pre-image resistance and parallelization degree. QUARK uses the sponge construction so it can be used for digital signature and message authentication. The advantage is that it is necessary to minimize the amount of hardware, the power and energy consumption. In this paper the gate-equivalents(GE) are reduced with the help of parallel processing and pipelining techniques. A hash function is said to be as lightweight, due to reduction in GE. QUARK exists by using linear feedback shift register(LFSR) and non-linear feedback shift register(NLFSR). NLFSR is more resistant to cryptanalytic attacks than LFSR. LFSR is simple and efficient but, it uses a serial architecture. Hence maximum speed is obtained for VLSI architecture.

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In India now a day’s youngsters are not interested in watching Bollywood movies. After a survey for finding the reasons behind that problem, I came to a conclusion that people are not willing to watch Bollywood movies because of it contains lots of songs. To help the viewers of Bollywood movies of their interest, an initiative has been taken on a video processing technique to classify the movies based on audio. The proposed technique focused on extracting the movie without video songs from Bollywood movies. I have used the audio-based approach from automatic video classification technique and mean based thresholding for extraction as a proposed method. It is being predicted that proposed method will be able to extract the movie without video song from Bollywood movie with minimum lose and will help the viewers to get better solution for their problem.

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The present dissertation work is directed towards developing a better understanding on strengths characteristics of concrete using GFRC. Dissertation work is carried out with M25 and M30 grade concrete with w/c ratio of 0.44 and 0.39 as a control specimen. and GFRC as percentage varies from 0%,1%,2%and 3% it act as test specimen. For all the mixes compressive, flexural and split tensile strengths are determined at different days of curing. The results of the present investigation indicate that GFRC incorporation results insignificant improvements in the compressive, flexural and split tensile strengths of concrete upto 3%. Standard concrete cubes (150X150X150 mm), cylinders (150x300 mm), prisms (100x100x500 mm) as well as beams (150x150x700 mm) were tested. The physical properties of glass fibre reinforced concrete and its influence on the strength of concrete in the fresh and hardened state, along with a comparative study with the concrete prepared using river sand are also included. The strength in direct compression at 7 days, 14 days and 28 days, and that in split tension and flexure were compared at 28 days. Compressive strength of cubes, Flexural strength of prisms, Split tensile strength of cylinders for conventional concrete as well as GFRC concrete is tested at 7 days, and 28 days of curing.

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Web usage mining is the process of automatic discovery of user navigation pattern from the web log files or how the user is accessing page on World Wide Web. The interaction of user with the web gets recorded in the web log file at server side. These log files can be analyzed by various pattern discovery techniques. The discovered patterns can be used for Web Recommendations. By analyzing the web log, the next to be accessed by user can be predicted, and can be pre-send to client to minimize the network latency. There are various techniques like Markov Model, Longest Common Subsequence, Association Rule, Clustering etc. These techniques are used to predict user next request. In this paper, we use longest common subsequence algorithm to predict user navigation. LCS algorithms improve the accuracy and classify current user activities.

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Image processing is any form of signal processing for which the input is an image, such as a photograph or video frame the output of image processing may be either an image or a set of characteristics or parameters related to the image. Edge detection is a basic and important subject in computer vision and image processing. The purpose of this Paper is to find out the accuration of an X-Ray Bone Fracture Detection using Canny Edge Detection Method. A bone fracture is a medical condition in which there is a break in the continuity of the bone. A bone fracture can be the result of high force impact or stress, or a minimal trauma injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such asosteoporosis, bone cancer, or osteogenesis imperfecta, where the fracture is then properly termed a pathologic fracture. This paper proposes OpenCV library combined with Canny Edge Detection method to detect the bone fracture. The Canny edge detector is an edge detection operator that uses a multi-stage algorithm to detect a wide range of edges in images. The Simulation results are shown how canny edge detection can help to determine the location of fractures in X-ray images.

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As the data around us is increasing at exponential rate, the need for its storage is a natural concern and hence they are moving towards Cloud storage. Though Public cloud storage is a great way to reduce infrastructure cost but it raises security issues and hence we are moving towards Hybrid Cloud infrastructure. Working on Hybrid Cloud requires data migration from one cloud to other. In our paper we are proposing a three layer security mechanism during data migration from public cloud to private cloud and then using a sample website we will implement our algorithm. In our algorithm we are using MAC authentication before accessing the data which will be migrated to private cloud. The algorithm also involved SSL negotiation. The sample website is made using asp.net and C#.

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A low power DLL based CDR circuit has been proposed in this paper. The standby filter is the new feature in this design. Level tracking is used for data recovery. VHDL is used for designing the circuit. Cadence tool is used for generating and verifying the layout. Total area of the die and total power dissipation due to switching events is 0.01mm2 and 799.8643μW respectively at 1800mV power supply.

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This work presents control techniques for maximum power point tracking in photovoltaic system by incremental conductance method. In this paper a 60kW grid connected photovoltaic system will simulate by real time radiations level data and corresponding temperature level.

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Quality in education became an important fact due to increasing competitive environment. The quality in education is more important for the educational institution and the organization. In India there is a need of clarity in education as well as common understanding of education. The six sigma five phase methodology DMAIC (Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control) is used to improve the quality in an industry as well as in education system. In this methodology process map with SIPOC (supplier-input-process-output-control),FMEA(failure mode and effect analysis),Pareto diagram, cause and effect analysis and histogram etc. are used. These are the tools which we can use for better understanding of higher education system and to meet required quality in an education system. This review paper is focusing on the study of educational system with the use of operational tools and techniques which are used to get excellence in an educational system.

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In this paper, we aim to design one or more jammers in wireless sensor networks using ns3 and we also analyze its effect in network. Here we use the tool ns3 because it’s one of the popular simulating tool and cost efficient tool which is open source. The main thing behind using ns3 is that we cannot manually implement and check our project each and every time , to analyze our model we simulating tools such as ns2,ns3 etc.. First we list some of the sources where we can download ns3. Secondly we discuss how to build wireless network and introducing jammers into network. Finally we end up with a discussion of implementing a framework for minimizing errors and localizing jammers in wireless network which is a beautiful concept. This concept came into my mind while implementing jammers using ns3.

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Photonic crystal demultiplexers play an important role in optical communication system because of their higher performance, compact structure, high capacity and less cross-coupling. In this paper based on analysis we demonstrate a 2D photonic crystal based ultra-compact wavelength demultiplexer for two optical windows. The proposed structure used for demultiplexing two optical wavelengths i.e. 1.31µm and 1.55µm. The structure uses hexagonal lattice structure with silicon rods(RI=3.47) suspended in air. The structure uses line and border defect in structure to provide a mean transmission efficiency of 94%. Also the cross-talk i.e. a very critical factor in demultiplexer devices is between -25.27db to -30.78db. The footprint of proposed device is about 86.86 µm² (10.1µm  8.6µm). The proposed wavelength demultiplexer is suitable for Nano- Photonic integrated circuits due to its ultra-compact structure, high transmission efficiency and low cross-talk level

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Rail fractures have been a major cause of derailments in IR with crucial repercussions. With present system conventional periodic inspection system and Ultrasonic Flaw Detection, there is no efficient or automated system in place for Rail Fracture detection or prediction of abnormal behaviour of LWR under particular temperature or even effects of various abnormalities from Rail/ wheel interactions like Flat Tyre etc. A smart conditionmonitoring system like Proposed FBG System, would allow real-time andcontinuous monitoring of the structural andoperational conditions as well as monitoringof the structural health of rail tracks and the location. Major objectives of proposed system is to record continuously strain and temperature signatures using optical sensing and transmitting from track to the different control points. Study trail of proposed system conducted in W.R. has been discussed in detail. In addition, the system design caters to flashing of precise location of Rail Fracture instantly to the person concern and control centre. Also continuous recording of strain signature and its data analysis after filtration and calibration can be utilised to indicate the threshold of strain with respect to temperature variations. Prediction of abnormal track stress behaviour can also result in precise location of accumulation of stress level due to temperature considering hysteresis and actual behaviour of Long Welded Rails (LWR).

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There is close relation between economic growth & goods movement, employment & goods movement, consumer & goods movement, resources & goods movement, industries & goods movement. Various Goods movement forecasting models like commodity based, demography based, growth based had been in use to predict the goods flow across the region. Goods prediction & information related to inventory of existing road network are suitable to identify the problems for goods movement through the available road network. Suggestions for network improvement can be made on the basis of observations & predictions. It had also been observed that any single model as suggested above applied at local district level is insufficient to accurately predict the goods movement. Hence a need is felt to integrate all the causes of goods movement with application of model from whole to part, i.e. from regional movements to localized movements to take into consideration effect of Intrastate, Interstate, Intra district, Inter district trips etc., to get sufficient precise information on goods movements through localized area. Also the influence of goods trips on movement of traffic in localized area can be studied with an aim to reduce localized traffic movement problems, which has started occurring in the nearby newly developing towns across which such goods movement are taking place. Current study involves prediction and validation of goods movement across Aravali district based on regions domestic product, Per capita income & consumer surplus/deficit, using gravity model. Study also reveals that localized traffic movements are highly influenced by heavy highway traffic at Dhansura, Bhiloda, & Bayad facing need of Bypass. Also to deal with growing traffic passing through this region, Modal shift of Goods traffic could be thought of by providing cheap mode of rail transport through this region with rail connectivity to be established between Modasa and Shamalaji.

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Data preprocessing is a data mining technique that involves transforming raw data into an understandable format. Data pre-processing is an often ignored but important step in the data mining process. Real-world data is often incomplete, inconsistent, and/or lacking in certain behaviors or trends, and is likely to contain many errors. Data preprocessing is a proven method of resolving such issues. Data preprocessing prepares raw data for further processing. Data pre-processing includes cleaning, Integration, Transformation, reduction, etc. This paper analyzes existing work done in the preprocessing steps. A brief overview of various data preprocessing techniques for Data cleaning, Data Integration, Data Transformation, Data reduction, Data Discretization is discussed.

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In the growing world of IT, We need to evaluate users' browsing behavior and provide them recommendations to maintain the users' interest. we propose a naive graph based approach which stores the items into the adjacency matrix by creating the directed graph. The frequent sequential web access patterns are then retrieved from the matrix, which is then used to fetch and generate recommendation links.

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Microwave Hyperthermia is type of treatment of cancer tumors in which the body tumor is exposed to slightly higher temperature than the body in order to kill the cells or make it sensitive to radiation for certain anti-cancer drugs. To focus the heat into the tumors antennas or applicators are required, here two-arm Archimedes spiral antenna has been discussed for superficial application in Microwave hyperthermia. The spiral antenna is not sensitive to the input frequency nor to the parameter fluctuation, the heating region of the antenna can be controlled by the input frequency 434 MHz and 915 MHz. The model was designed and simulated in CST studio suite and the return loss is below -15 dB for the operating frequency with a VSWR of less than 2.

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Our application is extremely useful examination device that helps the business to do exploration and investigation of business information. With the assistance of the application huge arrangement of information can be changed over to significant charts for the study and investigation. Application is business knowledge programming where dynamic dashboard and reports can be sorted out and oversaw. It serves to improve the business. Today's business manages huge information so for any examination will be considerably more troublesome, so our application serves to model that information and believer them in a visual arrangement. Application serves to model the crude information and gives the client to control the representation of the information as indicated by the interest. Indeed, even the Key Performance Indicators investigation should be possible in the correct configuration. Application helps in choice making that is critical for any business. Our application turns the mind boggling information set in straightforward charts, so that the organizations can settle on choice taking into account the information. Both expansive and little associations can utilize the application. It gives simple to utilize move and customize choice, intelligent dashboard and report era highlights.

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Grid computing is one type of wide-area distributed and heterogeneous system. Grid resource scheduling is one challenging task or say one issue for scheduling resources. Job scheduling means that light-weight jobs are grouped in course-grain jobs. So many different scheduling algorithms are used for grid resource scheduling. Mainly this algorithms are minimize the processing time, achieve high throughput and to maximize resource utilization. In order to ensure proper working of algorithm, the algorithm will be tested in Gridsim toolkit. Gridsim toolkit mainly used for modeling and simulation purpose.

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There has been lot of advancement in robotics field today. It’s used in many sectors due to lots of automation. Wireless robotic hand aids to automation and reduction of human effort. Fingers of this hand make movement similar to the operator’s finger which is at a far distance from robot. This has many applications. Particularly in rescue operations system can be well implemented. Thus things which are at a far location can be controlled by using wireless robotic hand. We are using flex sensor, arduino controller and RF technology in this project. Flex sensor basically is a variable resistor which changes its value when it is bent. Such 5 flex sensors are mounted on operators hand glove. Depending upon the movement of each finger various potential values are generated. These potential values are further processed inside arduino controller. Arduino uno controller is used at input to sense the data from flex sensor and at the output to rotate motors attached to hand. RF technology is used for wireless data transmission.

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Copyright protection as a major security demand in digital world. Watermarking techniques are proposed the intention to show the advantages and the possible weaknesses in the schemes working in the frequency domain and in the spatial domain. In this report key-frame based video watermarking method is presented. This method implant data to the each bands perform in the wavelet domain into the specific frames using key-frame extraction method. The algorithm uses frequency domain to add the watermark where it does not affect the quality of extracted watermark if the video is subjected to different types of malign attacks. Watermark is embedded in an additive way in key-frames .This method is tested on different types of video. The recommend watermarking method in frequency domain has robustness against some attacks such as sharpness, contrast, Gaussian blur and brightness.

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Data Mining is the process of finding the interesting Knowledge from Large Amount of data stored in database, data warehouse or other information repositories. In data mining regularly data collected and analyzed by organizations and governments. For this database we have to provide Privacy, confidentiality and security. In Privacy Preserving data mining we have the many traditional technique these technique are not giving the accurate result. In preserving Privacy of individuals when data are shared for clustering it is complex problem. The challenge is how to protect the underlying attribute values subjected to clustering without Jeopardizing similarity between data object under analysis. To address this problem data owner must not only require privacy, but also guarantee for valid clustering result. To achieve this dual goal we propose the rotation based transformation .These approach is based on principal component analysis which is exiting and it is extended to discrete cosine transformation to achieve privacy. The success of privacy can be measure in terms of data utility, Performance resistance and level of uncertain to data mining algorithm etc.

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“Secondary Storage VM Images Optimization" during migration of Virtual Machine, with the development of the computer technology and the virtual machine has been become the main research topic. Cloud computing has become the collective model for grouping the different technologies which are collaborated to provide the services on demand. Understanding of the current technology and future trends of virtual machine system greatly help to improve the service performance of cloud system. Therefore, We describe the current technology and present the future trends of virtual machine system in the paper.

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Many data mining techniques are available to explore useful hidden information from large databases. Amomg these, association rule mining has wide applications to discover interesting relationships among attributes. The issue of privacy arises when the data is distributed among multiple sites and no site owner wishes to provide their private data to other sites but they are interested to know the global results obtained from mining process. Many researchers have put their effort for preserving privacy in Association Rule Mining. In this paper, we have presented the survey about the techniques and algorithms used for preserving privacy association rule mining in horizontally partitioned database.

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Many potential problems have resulted from the improving Internet, such as the copy and corruption of digital information. Therefore, the information security is considered as one immediate topic. Cryptography and steganography are the most widely used techniques to defeat this threat. Steganography embeds message into a cover media and hides its existence. On the other hand, Cryptography involves converting a message text into a scribbled cipher. Both the techniques provide some security of data, neither of them is individually secure enough for sharing information over an unsecure communication channel and are vulnerable to intruder attacks. In this paper we have proposed a secure technique of image steganography i.e. Key dependant improved canny edge detection with RSA algorithm. The proposed technique enhances the security to new level as it provides authentication module too.

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