Keyword spotting refers to the process of retrieving all instances of a given keyword from these documents. In the present paper, a keyword spotting method for handwritten documents is obtained using different various systems for offline handwriting recognition. A new technique is used for robust keyword spotting that uses bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BLSTM) recurrent neural nets and CTC Token Passing Algorithm to incorporate contextual information in documents. The document analysis is done by demonstrating tri-gram character model to significantly improve the spotting performance on IAM offline database.

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This paper presents a new solution for human-computer interaction that utilizes hand gestures for intuitive operation without any devices restraining the hand freedom. The proposed system is able to completely replace a mouse as a pointing device. Moreover, it extends mouse capabilities by a set of hand gestures. The system is a gesture-based interface, and a simple webcam is sufficient for proper operation. The article reveals concepts and algorithms used for construction of the system. Conventionally keyboard or mouse is being used as mode of input. But here the proposing gestures formed by various color markers as mode of input. So without need of any physical hardware in hand we can interact with machine with the help of just color markers placed on fingers.

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The quality of medical ultrasound is generally limited due to a number of factors, which originate from physical phenomena underlying the image acquisition. As a result, in the past few decades considerable efforts in the field of ultrasound imaging have been made for improving the image quality to make ultrasound imaging better for the perception of radiologists and more suitable for processing by autonomous machines for segmentation and registration. The major problem of ultrasound imaging technique is inheritance of Speckle noise. Speckle noise tends to reduce the image contrast and blur image details, thereby decreasing the quality and reliability of medical ultrasound. Many denoising methods such as Lee filter, Kuan filter and Frost filter have been developed so far for despeckling of ultrasound images but sometimes important diagnostic details are lost while denoising because of over smoothing. Diffusion filters are able to reduce noise but it requires large number of convergence .Wavelet based filters rarely cause over smoothing but they fail to perform well near edges. The proposed algorithm remove speckle noise without resulting into over smoothing and perform well near edges. Here In this thesis work, the proposed Algorithms designed to reduce speckle noise by the combination of PDE based Speckle Reducing Anisotropic Diffusion filter and wavelet based Threshold Shrink technique. Than The proposed algoritham is compared with spatial domain filters.

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Cloud computing is one of the emerging technologies in information and communication world. With the advent of cloud computing, data owners are motivated to outsource their complex data from local sites to commercial public cloud for great flexibility and high economic savings. Hence, for such reasons the data that is stored in cloud systems must be encrypted. We propose a new decentralized access control scheme for secure data storage in clouds that supports anonymous authentication. Here we hide the identity of user who accesses the data from cloud systems. Access control is one of the important added features which enable only valid users to decrypt the data and access it depending upon the access privileges given to the valid user. Access control and authentication is decentralized and robust as compared to earlier schemas which are centralized in nature. The communication, computation and storage overheads are comparable to centralized approaches.

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Visually impaired people report numerous difficulties with accessing printed text using existing technology, including problems with alignment, focus, accuracy, mobility and efficiency. We present a device that assists the visually impaired with effectively and efficiently reading paper-printed text. We introduce a novel, local-sequential manner for scanning text which enables reading single lines, blocks of text or skimming the text for important sections while providing real-time auditory and tactile feedback. The design is motivated by preliminary studies with visually impaired people, and it is small-scale and mobile, which enables a more manageable operation with little setup.

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Data mining is the process of identifying interesting patterns in data. These patterns must be meaningful in that they lead to some advantage. These patterns allow us to make prediction on new data. Clustering is a technique that group data items into classes with similar characteristics to maximize or minimize interclass similarity. For example, in the same way or differently to identify the suspects who carried out the crimes associated with gangs are different between the groups. Classification is a technique that finds common properties among different crime entities and organizes them into predefined classes. Many learning techniques can be quite complicated and typically are expressed as a set of rules or decision trees have learned that the structural descriptions. This paper presents detailed study on clustering techniques and its role on crime identification. Large and often genetic algorithms to solve complex computational problems using a variety of disciplines have given rise to many new applications. They variety of difficult practical problems in the field of powerful, high-quality solution has been found. This paper presents algorithm for crime identification.

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Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), is a system composed of large number of micro sensors. In most of its applications, data are typically gathered by the sensor nodes and reported to the data collection point called the sink or the Base Station (BS). The sensor nodes have limited battery power and battery replacement is not easy for these networks, with thousands of physically embedded nodes. Hence efficient use of battery is very important to maximize the lifetime of the network. And this is achieved by a tree based energy balanced routing protocol, which builds a routing tree using a process where for each round the BS assigns a root node and broadcasts this selection to all sensor nodes in the network. Subsequently each node selects its parent by considering only itself and its neighbour’s information. Thus making it a dynamic process. The comparison with the existing protocol is also performed to show the improvements.

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Data stream are generated from many sources. This Data streams are needed to be transformed into significant information to take more effective decisions. Clustering is the best way for analyzing data streams. The material on clustering is very large.Many clustering algorithms are available for data stream which uses k-means algorithm as a base. Clustream algorithm is one of the examples of it. Main drawback of such k-means based data stream clustering algorithm (Clustream) is that user has to give no. of cluster (k) in advance. Many times it happens that user does not know detail about the data and gives value of k randomly. In this type of case we will not get satisfactory result. i.e. we can’t get proper quality of clusters. To tackle the above mentioned problem, we have proposed the framework. According to it, we will use another algorithm to find appropriate no. of clusters in advance. Here we used Bisecting k-means algorithm to find no. of clusters for data stream. So we have combined the clustream algorithm with bisecting approach for finding best quality clusters without interference of user to fix value of no. of cluster at user side.

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This paper presents designing and performance analysis of a solar air collector with one ended evacuated tube collector at different air flow rates. The experimental set up consist of 15 evacuated tubes, inside each evacuated tube aluminium tubes are inserted for better performance of solar air collector. Experiments were performed at different air flow rates with the help of blower with regulator and to enhance the outlet temperature and thermal efficiency, reflector has been used. It has been found that the setup operated nearly two times more efficient at higher air flow rate with reflector than with low air flow rate.

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Tall building construction and developments have been rapidly increasing worldwide Development of metro cities in India there is increasing demand in High Rise Building and the effect of masonry infill panel on the response of RC frame subjected to seismic action is widely used. In this study the effect of masonry wall on high rise building is studied, as it is essential to consider the effect of masonry infill for the seismic evaluation of moment resistant reinforced concrete frame. Linear analysis on high rise structure with different arrangement is carried out and for analysis G+9 framed building is modelled. Soft stories are subjected to larger lateral loads during earthquakes and under lateral loading. This lateral force cannot be well distributed along the height of the structure. This situation causes the lateral forces to concentrate on the storey having larger displacement. The lateral force distribution along the height of a building is directly related to mass and stiffness of each storey.

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We present an approach for image retrieval using a very large number of highly selective features. Our approach is predicated on the assumption that each image is generated by a sparse set of visual “causes” and that images which are visually similar share causes. We propose a mechanism for computing a very large number of highly selective features which capture some aspects of this causal structure. At query time a user selects a few test images, and a technique known as “boosting” is used to learn a classification function in this feature space. By construction, the boosting procedure learns a simple classifier which only relies on 15 of the features. As a result a very large database of images can be scanned rapidly. Finally we will describe a set of experiments performed using our retrieval system on a Caltech database.

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This paper is concerned with study of effect of infill walls on regular and irregular R.C framed structure with shear wall. The objective of the project work is to carry out Equivalent static analysis and Time History analysis of vertically irregular R.C. building frames. IS 456 : 2000 and IS 1893 : 2002 codes are used. Comparison of results of all the models for different soil types and different earthquake zones are done. Structure is analysed using sap 2000 software. Model analysis is carried for three types of soil, for all four models in each type of soil and results for periods and frequency are obtained. Time – History analysis is done for all the models and results are obtained and compared. Graphs are obtained for displacement along X and Y direction. Comparison of shear force results of four models in each of four earthquake zones shows that infill walls increases shear forces at base for all earthquake zones. Storey displacement comparision shows that infill wall decreases the displacement of structure in all earthquake zones.

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More and more people rely on smart phones to manage their personal data. Smartphone's are today the repositories of our secrets (photos, email), of our money (online e-commerce) and of our identities (social networks accounts). Therefore mobile applications have the responsibility of handling such sensitive and personal information in a proper, secure way. For the protection of user data from third party applications, it is common for Smartphone’s Operating Systems to use permission model control the Permissions granted to third party applications. The user receives a dialog with the list of permissions requested by the application before installation. Once the application is installed, the user gives chance to third Party application developer to attack. Nowadays attackers are developing such a malicious application. To protect against such attacks, different solutions are being given. We studied and detection of attacks focused on behavior-based approach. It is difficult for general users to permissions which are potentially harmful and those which are not. We are proposing a scheme to the user, so that he/she can give access to the requested permissions, or can deny and finish the installation. This System can be used for multipurpose, like Remap Hardware Buttons, Manage App Permissions, Enable Side-by-Side Multitasking, Add Options to the Power Menu, Disable the Unsafe Volume.

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In recent years, semantic search for relevant documents on web has been an important topic of research. The World Wide Web consists of millions of interconnected web pages that provide information to the users. The WWW is expanding and growing in size and the complexity of the web pages. That’s why it is necessary to retrieve the best or the web pages that are more relevant in terms of information for the query entered by the users. Time is an important dimension of relevance for a large number of searches, such as over blogs and news archives. The search is generally carried out based on the similarity of the documents being searched for. , and then “boosts” the scores of the most recent documents, to privilege recent documents over older ones. Unfortunately, topic similarity alone is not always sufficient for document ranking. Earlier work was based on improving retrieval for “recency” queries that target recent documents. Retrieval of temporal queries can be improved by considering the time dimension implicitly or explicitly.

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Image denoising is a fundamental yet challenging problem that has been studied for decades. Dictionary is built only once with high resolution images belonging to different scenes. Since the dictionary is well organized in terms of indexing its entries, it is used to search similar patches very quickly for efficient NLM denoising.Our approach is very different in the sense, we build a single dictionary as a pre-processing step with a large number of arbitrary but high quality, textured images belonging to different object classes in contrast with building a dictionary for each noisy test image separately. We prefer to do this to avoid the time required to build the dictionary each time for separate test images.Principle Component Analysis (PCA) is a standard tool in modern data analysis because it is simple method for extracting relevant information from complex data matrix using eigen-values and eigenvectors. The multi-scale principal component generalizes the usual PCA of a multivariate signal seen as a matrix by performing simultaneously a PCA on the matrices of details of different levels. In multi scale Principal Component Analysis (MSPCA) de-correlate the variables by extracting a linear relationship and wavelet analysis. For dictionary building purpose smooth patches has been find using PCA. Then clustering is done for the similar patches. Then id is allocated for each cluster to get the dictionary.

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Data mining technique is the extraction of imperceivable information from large databases, and is a most powerful new emerging technology with great potential to envision future patterns and behaviors, permitting system to generate proactive, knowledge-driven decisions. A standout amongst the most prevalent data mining systems is Classification. Classification is a data mining approach that consigns things in a gathering to target classifications or classes. The primary goal of classification is to accurately and precisely predict the target class for each one case in the data. Since Criminal Activities conducted via the internet are traditional crimes that are committed through the use of an electronic communication device, so the Classification techniques may be applied to identify the Suspicious Criminal Activities. The main objective of this survey is to view, analyze and study the different Classification techniques.

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In the last few years communication technology has been improved, which increase the need of secure data communication. For this, several scientists have applied much of their time and also efforts in an attempt to the purpose of finding appropriate ways for information hiding. Hiding Capacity plays a vital role in efficient covert communication. This is achieved by Steganography. Steganography is the science of hiding information that involves all the techniques used to exchange the secret message with low distortion of the cover medium. It can be described as the unseen communication study of that generally deals with the ways of the hiding existence of the communicated information. The hidden message may be text, image, audio, video, etc. Steganography which overcome each other’s weaknesses and create challenging for the intruders to attack or steal important data is being suggested. This paper also defines the basic ideas of the steganography. In this paper, we survey on different steganography methods for data encrypting. Steganography is a method that permits the one to hide the information within an image while adding few noticeable modifications. and also The LSB (least significant bit) based method is a popular kind of steganographic algorithms in the spatial domain. The advantage of the LSB is its simplicity to embed the bits of the message directly into the LSB plane of cover-image and many applications use this method. In this paper we try to give an overview of different LSB methods and there advancements.

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Performance of a Journal bearing depends on two aspects. First one is the improvement of inherent properties of lubricant by rigorous research. Second one is the improvement of bearing performance by doing some research on the design aspects of bearing surface. Improvement of bearing performance does mean that its load carrying capacity will be increased and at the same time the frictional loss due to the shearing phenomenon between bearing surface and the lubricant layer should be decreased. It has been proved that if artificial roughness can be created on the bearing surface perfectly it can increase the performance of a journal bearing. Now it is the matter of research that which shape, dimensions, position and orientation will increase the performance of a given journal bearing most.In the present work an attempt has been made to study the influence of a specific type of artificial roughness on the performance of a journal bearing.

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In the present works “ A study on response of steel moment resisting frame (SMRF) with vertical set back subjected to lateral loads” I consider steel moment resisting frame of 15, 10, 5 storied regular 3-D framed of 3 models and 15, 10, 5 storied setback building of 9 models that is 3 of 15, 10, 5 storey are symmetrically in elevation configuration thought its height And 3of 15 storey are setback at 12th, (8th and 12th),(4th,8th ,12th and 15th)storey level and 3 of 10 storey are setback at 7th,(5th and 8th ),(3rd,3rd ,6thand 9th)storey level and 3 of 5 storey are setback at 4th,(3rd and 4th ),(2nd,3rd,4thand 5th)storey level. it is focused to study their response or structural behavior under Equivalent static Analysis and Dynamic analyses in this Time History Analyses with various soil types and various seismic zones of India as per Is-1893-2000 . In the analyses we concluded that the steel moment resisting regular frame models of 15, 10, 5 stories regular and irregular base models. storey displacement or lateral displacement, storey drift, and base shear of regular steel moment resisting frame models are compared to the irregular vertically setback steel moment resisting frames based on graphs which are plotted from tabulated values after analyses. For the modeling analyses ETABS Ver 2013 software is used. The peck value of acceleration and lateral displacement is determined by Time History Analysis for all regular and irregular vertically set back steel moment resisting frames base models.

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Performance Based Seismic Engineering is the modern approach to earthquake resistant design. It is an attempt to predict the buildings with predictable seismic performance. In one Sense, it is limit-states design extended to cover complex range of issues faced by earthquake Engineers. The analysis will be performed on new as well as existing R.C.C. buildings and the performance of buildings in future earthquake will be obtained. Non Linear static analysis will be performed in existing as well as new buildings in finite element program. It helps in the investigation of the behavior of the structure under different loading conditions, its load deflection behavior and the cracks pattern. In the present study, the non-linear response of RCC frame using finite element program under the loading has been carried out with the intention to investigate the relative importance of several factors in the non-linear analysis of RCC frames. This includes the variation in load displacement graph.

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Rapid increase in construction activities leads to active shortage of conventional construction materials due to various reasons. Concrete is most widely used construction material. Cement, sand and granite stone are the constituents of the concrete. Researches were searching for cheaper & eco-friendly materials as a cement replacement. Because the manufacture of cement is leading to the pollution in large amounts (CO2 emissions are 0.8-1.3 ton & SO2 emission is also very high). It was found that fly ash, industrial waste & silica fume (SF) can be used as partial substitute for cement and also these materials are produced in large extent as waste materials.

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Bendable Concrete also known as Engineered Cementitious Composites abbreviated as ECC is class of ultra-ductile fiber reinforced cementitious composites, characterized by high ductility and tight crack width control. This material is capable to exhibit considerably enhanced flexibility. An ECC has a strain capacity of more than 3 percent and thus acts more like a ductile metal rather than like a brittle glass. A bendable concrete is reinforced with micromechanically designed polymer fibres. The aim of this study is to investigate the hardened property (i.e. Flexural Test) of ECC by addition of Steel, PVA & Hybrid fibers in different proportion. The result of Flexural strength of various ECC mix with different percentage of fibers are compare with Conventional Concrete design according to Indian Standard. All beams were tested under four-point loading test at different age in UTM, followed by different cross-section of specimen varying from 50-125 mm having 700 mm total length.

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The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of pulsed parameters like pulse duty cycle, frequency, peak current and background current.Here Taguchi method is used to find out the optimum parameter for the highest % elongation and highest UTS .Annova is also used for finding out % contribution of each parameter. Minitab is used for finding out the result of Taguchi Method and Annova.

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In this paper an area and power efficient 14T 1-bit Full Subtractor design has been presented by using GDI techniques. The 1-bit Subtractor design consist of 7 NMOS and 7 PMOS. For difference output of 1-bit full Subtractor GDI XOR-XNOR module outputs has been used with GDI 2x1 MUX. A GDI XOR- XNOR module has been used which consume less area at 180 nm as compared with the CMOS modules. To improve delay and power efficiency a cascade implementation of XOR module has been avoided in the used 1-bit GDI Full Subtractor module. Power dissipation and propagation delay are the contradicting factors in the design of VLSI CMOS devices .This paper aims at reducing power and energy dissipation using Gate Diffusion Input (GDI) 1-Bit Full Subtractor circuits and CMOS Circuits comprise of reducing the power supply voltages to investigates the performance parameters i.e. delay, power for the combinational circuit using power reduction techniques and compare them to find out the best one. These techniques can be used further for various applications in the field of VLSI design. A competitive approach is applied to the 1-Bit Full Subtractor circuit emphasizing on the minimum Power-Delay trade-off and minimum Transistor count. The PMOS and NMOS transistors are connected together for strong output level. GDI technique achieves 80% reduction of leakage current and 80% reduction of leakage power in active mode as compared to the conventional CMOS design. SPICE Simulations are performed with 0.18µm CMOS technology.

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Aim of the work is to implement coarse and fine delay to be added in a signal. This will be utilized in development of Channel emulator, Calibration of Phased array element for wideband signals, for an Echo canceller kind of Applications. The Coarse delay will be consisting of integer delay with respect to sampling frequency whereas Fine delay will be consisting of fractional delay with respect to sampling frequency. Various algorithms such as the brute forced Fourier method and using sinc function have been studied for coarse delay. Due to less complexity, sinc function method is used in our project. For fractional delay, various Interpolations based method, Hybrid analog to digital converter, least square integral error method and Lagrange Interpolation based method is studied and simulated. Trade off analysis is carried out for deciding algorithm for fractional delay considering implementation complexity, feasibility to implement on hardware and accuracy in terms of Mean square error and real time implementation. Proposed module will emulate time varying delay for testing satellite link performance and it will be part of satellite link emulator, and Phased array antenna which will correct differential group delay between elements which is consisting of integer and fractional delay. It will also compensate the delay between echo canceller output and the receiver input for echo cancellation.

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