Data mining is the analysis step of the "Knowledge Discovery in Databases", It is the process that results in the detection of new patterns in large data sets. The main aim of data mining is to pull out knowledge from an existing dataset and transform it into a flexible structure. In data mining association rule is a popular and easy method to find frequent itemsets from large datasets. In general frequent itemsets are generated from large data sets by applying association rule mining take too much computer time to compute all the frequent itemsets. By using Genetic Algorithm (GA) we can improve the results of association rule mining. Our main purpose is by Genetic Algorithm to generate high quality Association Rules, by which we can get four data qualities like accuracy, comprehensibility, interestingness and completeness. Genetic Algorithms are powerful and widely applicable stochastic search and optimization methods based on the concepts of natural selection and natural evaluation. The advantage of using genetic algorithm is to discover high level prediction rules is that they perform a global search and cope better with attribute interaction than the greedy rule induction algorithm often used in data mining. The main aim of this paper is to find all the frequent itemsets from given data sets using genetic algorithm. In this paper we are using the large dataset and our Experimental results on this dataset show the effectiveness of our approach. This paper provides the major improvement in the approaches for association rule mining using genetic algorithms.

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Sequential Pattern Mining enables to identify sequences which occur frequently in database of sequences. Such frequent patterns have been used to implement efficient systems that can help in making predictions based on previously observed patterns. Sequential Pattern mining is applied in variety of domains like Healthcare, Education, Web usage mining, Text mining, Bioinformatics, Telecommunications, Intrusion detection.Since 1996 various works had been done for improvement of sequential pattern mining algorithms. This paper presents the evolution in sequential pattern mining and enhancements/changes done in sequential pattern mining algorithms for more refined results and increasing the efficiency and performance of algorithm.

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Steganography is the art and science of concealing information in unremarkable cover media so as not to arise an eavesdropper’s suspicion. Image Steganography means hide the data behind image. There are two domains for image steganography; one is spatial (Image) domain and another is transform domain. Fingerprint image as cover image and hide Text message as input. In Transform domain, discrete wavelet transform will use. To improve the performance of stego-image use multilevel discrete wavelet transforms (DWT). Payload (message) will encrypt and decrypt by symmetric key cryptography algorithm AES-128 bit (Advance Encryption Standard). For Fingerprint based authentication system in database all the images having specific message (payload) as a steganography. For authentication we will check whether database having encrypted message is there or not. So any malicious persons (hacker or cracker) will not affect database. The information-hiding system is characterized by having three different aspects capacity, security, and robustness. We will provide capacity base on use multilevel (1-level, 2-level, 3-level and 4-level) 2-D DWT, security base on use AES. We will check accuracy or performance by measuring Mean Square Error (MSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) in all the different conditions like noisy environments.

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The study for removal of organic pollutants from tannery effluents was carried out in batch process using activated coconut shell mixed with laterite. The parameters included contact time, adsorbent dosage and pH. The optimum dosage for the study obtained was 100g/L, with optimum contact time of 60 min. The optimum dosage and time had greater impact on removal of pollutants like COD (86.41%), Turbidity (92.3%), TDS (95.89%) and TC (93.8%). Study on variation in pH was also carried out, where the pH from 2 to 8 was studied, in which at acidic pH i.e. at pH 2, the amount of removal of pollutants was higher i.e. it exhibited 87.92% COD, 97% removal of Turbidity, 95% removal of TDS and 93.3% of TC. As the pH decreased, the removal efficiency increased and decreased gradually by increasing the pH.

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Need of calculation based on hardware systems is increasing day by day. The performance of hardware directly effect the performance of hardware based applications and also the software applications whose execution is affected by hardware performance. So there is continuous need of the improvement in the hardware architectures to achieve a desired level of parametric and interface features. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is the most busy part of a system. Its performance is directly counted in analyzing the overall system performance. Due to highest activeness of ALU in a system so high performance architecture of an ALU is always desired in a design system. The performance of ALU is, now days, desired to be power efficient to make overall system power efficient and portable. In the presented work a 64-bit architecture of ALU is proposed with gated-clock control logic. The proposed logic design is a low power architecture of ALU. The work is simulated and synthesized using Xilinx ISE Design Tool and the results are tabulated in this paper.

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In the field of software, Data mining has been very useful to identify the interesting patterns and trends from the large amount of stored data into different database and data repository. Clustering technique is basically used to extract the unknown pattern from the large set of data for electronic stored data, business and real time applications. Clustering is a division of data into different groups. Data are grouped into clusters with high intra group similarity and low inter group similarity. Clustering is an unsupervised learning technique. Clustering is useful technique that applied into many areas like marketing studies, DNA analysis, text mining and web documents classification. In the large database, the clustering task is very complex with many attributes. There are many methods to deal with these problems. In this paper we discuss about the different Partitioning Based Methods like- K-Means, K-Medoids and Fuzzy K-Means and compare the advantages or disadvantages over these techniques.

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Energy saving is necessary for saving fuel and energy cost in industry. The energy saving has become one of the main objective of the international and national policies. A considerable level of energy losses are accepted reality in a large number of industries and there is evident potential for energy efficiency improvements. Electric motors use two-third of all electricity in industry, so any chance to reduce this load, even by single figures is highly significant. Most pumps and fans are 20 % oversized for the duties they perform. Also electrical motors are available in specific speed range. Pumps and fans are coupled with electric motor to perform their duties. The boiler house equipment the forced draft fan rotates at full load constant speed and there are energy losses. By using the Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) to reducing operating speed of the FD fan motor from 100% to 80% can save as 50% of energy. To reducing fan speed not only reduces energy consumption but also reduces noise and vibration.

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To meet the ever increasing electricity demand in the urban area, roof-top solar PV offers a feasible and alternative solution along with conventional power supply from the electricity grid. Geographic Information Systems can be used as a significantly useful tool for potential rooftop distribution mapping. This paper aims at mapping potential roof-top are available in PEC University of Technology Chandigarh and evaluating the possible electricity supply from such installations. In this work, ArcGIS software has been used to compile and analyze the geographic data for potential bright roof-top area. This type of study will encourage the entrepreneurship in the field of rooftop solar home system in the urban areas of a country.

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VSC-HVDC transmission link is a notable scheme to connect large scale wind power. It has technical and economical advantages for large scale wind farm connection. Besides these advantages VSC-HVDC suffers from the robustness problem. In this paper we proposed a passivity based control strategy for large scale VSC-HVDC wind power for stronger robustness. Starting from the EL-model of VSC-HVDC we first proved that the given model of VSC-HVDC is input-output passive. Then we designed a passivity based controller for VSC HVDC model. By using this controller we shows that the VSC-HVDC converges to expected stable equilibrium point rapidly. Finally we validate our results using Matlab simulation platform.

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In steel industry there are mainly two groups of steel category, namely hot rolled steel and cold formed steel. Cold formed steel members are governed by local buckling strength this measure differs cold formed steel from the hot rolled steel. Local buckling is the most essential criteria to be considered in analysis of compression. Different country uses different codes for light gauge sections. In this paper an effort was been made to compare the different codes for the light gauge compression members especially for square hollow sections (SHS). The different country codes compared were Indian code IS 801-1975 based on Allowable Stress Method (ASD), British code BS-5950 Part (5) based on Limit State Method (LSM) and Australian/ New Zealand code 4600-2005 based on Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD). This parametric study helps the practicing engineers in their design works.

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This paper presents a low-frequency ac (LFAC) transmission system for 50/3HZ source. The LFAC system is interfaced with the main power grid with a voltage source inverter. The 50/3 supply voltage is connected to the load through the voltage source inverter. The LFAC system improves the transmission capacity and distance compared to the conventional AC solution at nominal frequency, e.g. 50HZ to 60HZ. And reduces the investment cost compared to the HVDC solution. In this project, comparative analysis is carried out for power transmission, for 1200km length at 50Hz and 50/3Hz. Test system of 765kV and 1200kV are selected as transmission voltage levels. Simulation is carried out on test system over Matlab simulink environment. Load at the receiving end is varied from 0% to 150% of Surge Impedance Loading (SIL) in steps of 25%. Also, computation has been carried out for sending & receiving end voltages, active power transfer capacity, reactive power transfer capacity, and compensation required for 1200km line. Results shows that for 50Hz test system of transmission line, power transfer is not possible without compensation, voltage profile and power transfer efficiency is out of the limit, but in FFTS, it is possible to transmit 5 to 6 times the rated power without any compensation and voltage profile and power transfer efficiency is within the limit.

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This paper presents a low-frequency ac (LFAC) transmission system for 50/3HZ source. The LFAC system is interfaced with the main power grid with a voltage source inverter. The 50/3 supply voltage is connected to the load through the voltage source inverter. The LFAC system improves the transmission capacity and distance compared to the conventional AC solution at nominal frequency, e.g. 50HZ to 60HZ. And reduces the investment cost compared to the HVDC solution. In this project, comparative analysis is carried out for power transmission, for 1200km length at 50Hz and 50/3Hz. Test system of 765kV are selected as transmission voltage level. Simulation is carried out on test system over Matlab simulink environment. Load at the receiving end is varied from 0% to 150% of Surge Impedance Loading (SIL) in steps of 25%. Also, computation has been carried out for sending & receiving end voltages, active power transfer capacity, reactive power transfer capacity, and compensation required for 1200km line. Results shows that for 50Hz test system of transmission line, power transfer is not possible without compensation, voltage profile and power transfer efficiency is out of the limit, but in FFTS, it is possible to transmit 5 to 6 times the rated power without any compensation and voltage profile and power transfer efficiency is within the limit.

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E-Banking appeared when banks planned to capture more customer base and geographical region at the cost of minimal Human intervention. Nowadays this is one of the most important sources for performing bank related operations online. When you will register for Online banking you will get login Id which is generated by system and is Unique across all the registered users of that bank. The most important goal of security enhancement using data hiding in image is to hide messages within the image so the intended receiver of the image get the data of his interest in the form of the image so even if this image fall in wrong hand chances are less that person receiving the image get to know that some data is hidden in the image. This kind of technology is very useful in case of increasing security of the secure system. Through hiding a secret message inside the Image, a simple image is taken as carrier to carry the data to be hidden in it. Once Image is obtained, data that needs to be hidden is taken from user and is placed between the data bytes of actual image such that receiver of the image may consider it as normal image but when supply this image to decoder, can extract the hidden message within it in its entirety.

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Conditional monitoring is a promising technology for monitoring the parameter. Due to temperature variation or high temperature defect can propogate and led to the failure. A framework is developed to address the crack problem in the piston, calculate stress intensity factor, perform crack propogation and life prediction. A quantative study of effect of alloying element on mechanical behavior of Al-Si casting alloy for piston has been conducted.In the condition of minimizing casting effect the influence of compound feature on the high temperature mechanical performance become more pronounced. Depending on Ni and Cu content affecting the strength of the matrix, the tensile strength was increase with Cu and Ni content. With the help of crack arrest phenomenon determining the parameter which are helpful to increase the life of component.

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Stress is very common among the human being is start from the LKG children’s to senior citizens. The peoples are running towards money, they don’t have time to relax themselves. They are restricting themselves in terms of relax themselves from their work load. The work load and the dead line of completion in mean while family related problem all these put to gather made them in confused state, this similar kind situation keeping on creeping up the human being finally it get in to the caused stress.

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The progressive collapse terminology defines as “initial spread of local failure from element to element, results eventually in the collapse of a disproportionately large part of it or collapse of entire structure”. Causes of progressive collapse in the building refocus and researches have been started after the event of 11 September 2001. Damage caused due to unexpected impact, fires, earthquake, explosions, design or construction, overload due to occupant misuses etc in multi-storey building are susceptible. The present study involves 15 storey’s building with floor height of 3m; with rectangular grid containing 5 bays of 4.75m in X direction and 4 bays of 4m in Y direction is modeled using E-TABS v13. The analysis is performed using linear static method. The structure is examining two cases of removal of column at various storeys at different location as suggested by General Services Administration. Bending moment of beams and axial force in columns are the main factors considered in the study. The purpose of this work is to study the behavior of variation in bending moment of beam and axial force in column at different storeys for seismic zone V and medium soil is evaluated for column removal cases.

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This review paper presents the work of various researchers on the performance of solar cooker. In this experiment used double reflector box type solar cooker top cover (Glazing) is tilted at 23.16° corresponding to the latitude of Jabalpur (the location of the test site). In this paper a thorough review of the literature on the box type solar cooker. This review paper contained the various researches attempt on box type solar cooker to increase the performance parameters and the thermal performance parameter such as efficiency, first and second figure of merit, heat loss coefficient, total heat loss by cooker, boiling time of water, optical efficiency of cooker etc. are used to compare the cooker’s performance. A detailed description of various geometry parameter affecting performance of solar cooker such as booster mirrors, glazing, absorber plate, cooking pots and insulating material. This review also covers the detailed literature of the solar cooker’s performance to enhance a two reflector box type solar cooker with a double glazing will be fabricated.

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One of the new Web Technology Node has its own quality Unlike JAVA or PHP, there is no separation between the web server and code, nor do we have to setup different configuration files to get the work we want. With Node.js, We can create our own web server, deliver content , customize and modify it. Very important part t is that all this can do at the code level by writing the lines of code. Here I am going to demonstrates how Node.js Runtime Environment is faster and more sophisticated as compare to other runtime environment.

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Saturation flows, lost times and Passenger Car Units (PCU) is the significant parameters in the planning, design and control of signalized intersection. The accurate estimation of Saturation flow values is prime importance when determining the capacity of signalized intersection. Saturation flow is important for estimating signal green time. This discusses a saturation flow study conducted in Income tax intersection of Ahmedabad city, the commercial city of Gujarat, which lies in the west of India. The Saturation flow rate is calculated based on the observed green time. The objective of this paper is to collect a large sample of field measurements so that reliable saturation flow values could be obtained and the result identified several factors which has significant influence on saturation flow. Models are developed for the saturation flow considering width of approach, traffic compositions and gradient criteria. A formula was recommended for use in estimating an appropriate saturation flow value for a specific lane on an approach to an intersection. Many researchers have developed models for saturation flow. These models do not match with field data. The developed Models of saturation flow give the correct value of saturation flow. These developed models are calibrated & validated with field observed data.

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Spur gear is the simplest & widely used in power transmission system. A spur Gear is generally subjected to bending stress which causes teeth failure. However it is observed that performance of the spur gear is not satisfactory in certain applications and therefore it is required to explore some alternate materials to improve the performance of the spur gears. Composite materials provide adequate strength with weight reduction and are emerging as a better alternative for replacing currently used metallic gears. In this thesis work, a metallic gear of Alloy Steel is replaced by the composite gear of 30% Glass filled Poly-ether-ether-Ketone(PEEK). Such Composite material provides much improved mechanical properties such as better strength to weight ratio, more hardness, and hence less chances of failure which results in improvement in overall performance of machine. In this thesis work, the spur gear of composite material i.e 30% Glass filled Poly-ether-ether- Ketone (PEEK) is modelled using SOLID WORK (Version) supported by Static Analysis for strength aspects followed by Dynamic analysis using ANSYS 14 to determine the natural frequency and mode shape for both materials of spur gear to investigate the usefulness of the suggested alternative composite material i.e 30% Glass filled Poly-ether-ether- Ketone (PEEK) over the metallic gear.

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The Infrastructure needs of our country is increasing day by day and concrete is a main constituent of construction material in a significant portion of this infrastructural system. It is necessary to enhance its characteristics by means of strength and durability. It is also responsible to compensate concrete in the form of using waste material and saves in cost by the use of admixtures such as fly ash, silica fume etc, as a partial replacement of cement. One of the many ways this could be achieved by developing new concrete composites with the fibres which are locally available that makes even non engineered construction can work well under severe loads like earthquake or sudden vibrations and natural disasters or attacks. Use of fibre to concrete has long been experienced since 1990. In the early 1900’s asbestos fibre were used in concrete and in 1950’s concept of composite materials came into being & fibre reinforced concrete was one of the focus of interest. To bring into focus the use of steel fibre in concrete an experimental programme was planned to study the material characteristics. In this paper M 35 grade of concrete mix design is carried out using fly ash. This present paper deals with the experimental study of steel fibre reinforced concrete. Steel fibre is added in 0.5, 1%, 1.5% dosages and followed by increments of flyash 10%, 20%. M 35 (1:1.44:2.69) grade of concrete is designed with water-cement ratio of 0.45. Physical properties of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, steel fibre is carried out. This study reports the feasibility of use of steel fibres and their effect due to variation in fibre content on structural properties such as cube compressive strength, split tensile strength. The workability tests on fresh concrete and strength tests on hardened concrete are also carried out. Compressive strength v/s mix designation, split tensile strength v/s mix designation are plotted graphically. The optimum dosage and mix designation for higher strength is found.

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We introduce here a multiplication approach for 16 bit input using modified booth algorithm. This reduces the number of digits in a multiplication compared with a binary multiplication. In this paper we will compare the complexity of binary against ternary multi-pliers. The design is simulated using Model Sim 6.5e and synthesized using Xilinx ISE design .Results obtained from proposed design is in terms of area, delay and speed have been compared with conventional multiplier design.

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Power module contains one or more semiconductor switches packaged together for easy connectivity. Power semiconductor modules play a key role in a power electronic system. The module can be used to enclose diodes, FET, IGBT, or similar semiconductor switches. Nowadays, Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors are widely used because of their good switching performance combined with fairly low conduction losses. A lot of effort has been put to develop the next generation IGBT modules of hybrid vehicles. The trend of power electronics miniaturization, both in consumer and military applications, challenges board assembly design, materials, and processes. PEs must meet strict automobile manufacturers’ design criteria like weight, size, reliability, and cost when used in HEVs. Existing designs rely mainly upon over sizing the PEs or by inclusion of large heat sinks, both of which detract from size and cost criteria of automotive design criteria. In this paper, inverter module of Toyota Prius consisting of 12 pairs of IGBT devices and diodes is used. Parametric study is carried out to study the effect of number of channels of cold plate on the performance of module. Also, effect of single sided and double-sided cooling method on the maximum temperature is studied.

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Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are being used in various military and civil applications which includes monitoring of environment, surveillance of target, observation of industrial processes, explorations of space and planets, etc. One important WSN application is tracking the target, where WSN is used for intruder detection. A sensor is limited in its battery life, processing power, and radio strength.

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Water is a natural source which is renewable and easily available to everywhere. Nothing much is hard to find out. As now the sources we are using energy sources which are nonrenewable and will not last much more. So for that we introduce free energy source that’s the Hydrogen. In which water is used as raw material. Present techno economical scenario marked by increase the demand in every sector in the world, the demand of fuel is always goes on increasing day by day, so available resources of an energy are going to be vanished with short time, so use of alternative source is needed to service. So we are using the Hydrogen Gas with small amount of Petrol. The use of hydrogen as fuel is an economical as well as eco-friendly which reduce consumption of regular fuel as well as does not produce air pollution.

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