Deep drawing is a manufacturing process in which sheet metal is progressively formed into a three-dimensional shape through the mechanical action of a die forming the metal around a punch. To reduce various defects in deep drawing process it is necessary to control some parameters of deep drawing process. Sheet-metal drawing is a more complex operation than cutting or bending. Number of defects can occur in a drawn product. To reduce production cost it is necessary to reduce defects accrued during deep drawing process. A punch force, material property of sheet metal, blank holding force, thickness of sheet, velocity of punch are affecting parameters in deep drawing process to regulate defects like wrinkling, tearing, earing and fracture defect. By conducting experiment in hydraulic press we know stress, strain, displacement and load. These results compare with the software for validation.

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The 1st order single-loop single-bit digital sigma-delta modulator is design in this project.1 bit ADC is use in this project along with Difference Amplifier, integrator and DAC in feedback.2Stage comparator is used as a ADC. Oversampling and Noise shaping technology is use because of this design of anti-aliasing filter also reduce. Furthermore, behavioral simulations of the design are verified using Tanner. A top-down system design methodology that can be used to determine the degree of influence of the modulator structure parameters on the performance of the modulator is provided. This approach not only provides important guiding significance on implement of the modulator in an FPGA processor, but also reduces the design complexity and shortens the integrated circuit(IC) design.

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An expert system is software that acts like a human expert on a particular subject area. Expert systems are often used to advice people in situations where a human expert is unavailable. When some child in school is showing some unusual difficulty in learning, remembering, or using material that is taught, the child’s teachers may feel it is necessary to undertake an educational diagnosis. Educational diagnosis is the detection of such unusual behavior like learning difficulty, the determination of the nature and its remediation. It is a complex task that should be taken care by qualified personnel using defined methodologies, in some circumstances, the task can be made easier if the diagnostician is guided and assisted by a computer. This paper presents some of the aspect of educational diagnostics with some representation of certain rules and knowledge in this area.

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In this review work, a low-power pulse-triggered flip-flop (PTFF) design is described. Conventional proposed Flip-Flop (FF) has two new features. First one, the pulse generation control logic and an AND function, is removed from the critical path to facilitate a faster discharge operation. To reduce the circuit complexity a simple two-transistor AND gate design is used. Second one, a conditional pulse-enhancement technique is devised to speed up the discharge along the critical path only when needed. As a result, transistor sizes in pulse-generation circuit and delay inverter can be reduced for power saving. Various post layout simulation results based on CMOS 90-nm technology reveal that the conventional proposed design features the best power-delay-product performance in three FF designs under comparison.

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Skeletonization is one of the most important pre-processing steps used in many digital image processing applications. It is the process of creating unit pixel width skeletons. It plays a very crucial role in many image processing applications such as character recognition, medical imaging, biometric authentication etc. Present paper discusses different neural networks used for performing skeletonization. Feed forward pattern recognition neural networks are used for producing the skeletonized images. Several experiments has been done by taking different parameters for neural networks to produce the skeletonized images.

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this paper presents the results of simulation work performed to enhance the Quality of Service (QoS) of WiFi Network using Internet Gateway Discovery.Ns2 has been used as the simulation tool with NAM support of animation and Tracegraph software to give the output results in the form of graphs. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is having better quality of Service.

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Now a day, an automatic safe landing-site detection system is invented for aircraft emergency landing based on visible related data acquired by aircraft-mounted cameras. In this system, the top-five leading factors of random or unplanned landing, which is also called emergency landing, are engine failure, running out of fuel, extremely bad weather, medical emergency, and aircraft hijack. We concentrate on the detection mechanism of the proposed system and assume that image improvement for increased visibility and image stitching for a bigger field-of-view (FOV) have already been performed on the terrain images acquired by aircraft-mounted cameras(Here we used goggle map images). We focus on the detection mechanism of the proposed system and assume that image stitching for a larger field-of-view(FOV) &image enhancement for increased visibility have been performed on the terrain images acquired by aircraft-mounted cameras (Here we used goggle @Earth Images). Specifically, we propose a horizon detection to identify the ground in the image. Then, Segmentation is used to find out various clusters based on Color, performed by K-Mean Method. Principle component analysis is used for feature extraction & Classification of various clusters done by Cross correlation Classifier. Dimensions are measured by using blob Analysis. Then, sorting (descending order) of detected landing sites are performed, based on size of area. If the dimensions of a candidate region exceed the minimum requirement for safe landing, the potential landing-site is considered a safe candidate and is highlighted on the human machine interface. At the end the pilot makes the final decision by confirming one of the candidates and also by considering other factors such as wind speed and wind direction.

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In chemical processes viscosity of fluid is important fluid property. To maintain viscosity of the fluid stored heat is used. The viscosity of the fluid varies with temperature. If the temperature drops the fluid becomes viscous and can cause considerable damage to the system. However if we heat from below, at time surface cooling occurs and this makes natural convection stop, and the heat never reaches the Top layers. Hence to avoid this heat pipes are inserted from top to ensure efficient distribution of heat. Heat is supplied in these pipes itself so that maximum benefit of heat transfer is achieved. The main objective of paper is finite element analysis of pressure vessel at different boundary condition. The stresses developed in pressure vessel are analyzed by using ANSYS.

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Many high end electronic equipments, rapidly expanding computer control systems and information networks are sensitive to spikes, surges and line transients. Due to power electronic circuits, welders, variable speed drives and SCR controls used in computers and many other electrical systems, electrical noise is introduced in power distribution system which leads to corruption of clean power. The electronic systems must be protected from high voltage surges and made immune to noise. If they are not suppressed they can cause memory loss in computer, component failure, scrambled data transmission etc. For AC systems, electrical noise is a distortion of the normal sine wave. Some effects noise has on electrical systems are data loss, computer lock-up, equipment malfunction, and occasionally destruction .These impulses are of very short duration of the order of the order of a microsecond to very few milliseconds. But their amplitude can range from hundreds to thousands of volts. They can be caused by lightning, mains line switching air conditioning or switching of any heavy duty machinery. Therefore, noise attenuation devices are a necessity. Although it is impossible to totally eliminate electrical noise, it is possible to drastically reduce it to tolerable levels. Electrical noise attenuation devices, such as, TVSS (Transient Voltage Surge Suppression), noise filters and shielded isolation transformers reduce electrical noise to safe levels. The objective of this project is to design a testing unit for ultra-isolation transformer for measuring its common mode noise attenuation capability. Noise attenuation is expressed as a ratio of the output transient energy (Vto) to the input transient energy (Vti), or by decibels (dB). The Common mode noise rejection should be about -100 dB. If this condition is satisfied, then we can conclude that the ultra-isolation transformer under test is able to eliminate common mode noise providing electrostatic shielding and protection against spikes, surges and transient noise.

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This paper discusses the scope of designing and implementing a intelligent hybrid PID control technique to the Twin Rotor Multi-input multi-output System (TRMS). Control of nonlinear system has always been a challenging problem due severe nonlinearities, inaccessibility of some states and output for measurement with significant cross coupling. The control objective is to make this systems move quickly so that it track the given reference inputs accurately. Real time performance of Twin Rotor Multi-input multi-output System (TRMS) with the intelligent controllers has been shown.

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The monthly rainfall data of Dhemaji region, Assam, India for the period of 35 years (1980-2014) had been analyzed using probability distribution methods viz Normal, Log normal, Log Pearson-III and Gumbel distribution. These probability distribution methods were applied to estimate the expected monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall for the period of 1980-2014. Weibull`s plotting position was used for computation of observed monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall separately in 1.03, 1.05, 1.11, 1.25, 1.33, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20 and 25 years return periods. The Observed and expected values were compared using Chi Square Test (ℵ^22) test. The result indicated that Gumbel distribution method was the best fit to predict annual rainfall for different return periods. In case of seasonal analysis, Log-Pearson-III was found to be the best fit. However, the best fit probability distribution of monthly data was found to be different for different months. Log-Pearson-III was determined as the best fit probability distribution for the months of June and July. In case of the month of August, the lowest Chi square value (10.24) obtained by Log normal distribution and for the month of September; the best probability distribution selected by Chi square test was Normal distribution. As per Gumbel distribution, annual rainfall of 2437.76mm can be expected with 90% probability in 1.11 year return period while annual rainfall of 4796.47mm can be expected with 1% probability in return period of 100 years. The magnitude of 2960.18 mm annual rainfall with 50% probability can be expected in every 2 years which is approaching to mean annual of 3050mm. Again the seasonal rainfall of 2121.82 can be expected with 50% probability in same return periods as estimated by Log Pearson-III. In monsoon season, the expected rainfall during July is higher as compared to other monsoon months. On this month, precipitation of 295.22mm is expected with 90% probability in 1.11 years. In every 2 years return period, July month is expected more shower of 741.92mm with 50% probability as compared to other monsoon months June (508.9mm), August (533.18 mm) and September (449.19 mm). The highest average rainfall observed in July was 636.81mm .The developed regression model also indicated the best fitted curve of each monsoon months, seasonal and annual scattered observed rainfalls with R^2value more than 0.90, except in case of July, it was 0.78.

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The paper aims at defining water balance assessment and to probe the water harvesting techniques using remote sensing and GIS. The study area falls in survey of India topo sheet no 46/A/9. The satellite data from GLDAS-NASA are used for calculation of runoff. Also THORNTHWAITE-MATHER (TM) MODEL is used for calculation of soil water status through time. This model was used to calculate Potential evapotranspiration (PET), Accumulated Potential water loss (APWL),Soil Moisture (SM), Change in SM (∆ SM), Actual Evapotranspiration (AET) ,Deficit, Surplus, Storage, Runoff , Detention.

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In the present day, use of composite Material has been extended to a large number of aircraft components which includes structural and non-structural components. During the flight, when the maximum lift is generated, wings of the aircraft will undergo stress at the location of the attachment of wing. The attachment is used to carry all type of wing load to this frame. So, the wing root attachments should be high strength enough to carry the load transferred from wing. Weight reduction is also important factor in aircraft. Composite materials are well known for their excellent combination of high structural stiffness and low weight. The analysis conducted using ANSYS finite element package. From the results of analysis, it is estimated that replacement of Al. alloy by composites results in saving in stress at attachment of wing along with reduction in structural weight of the aircraft wing.

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BEENISH Protocol is used for the Energy efficiency purpose. The WSN network has the various nodes is used for transmit and receive the data or packets. For this transmission, these nodes used the maximum energy. When the maximum energy is used during transmission than the lifetime of the network will be decrease or the stability period of the network will also decrease. Many protocols are used to overcome this problem. BEENISH is one of the energy efficiency protocol which is used for prolong the network lifetime of the network and for save the energy of the nodes. Here, Cluster Heads (CHs) are elected on the bases of maximum energy of nodes. Simulation results show that it performs better than existing clustering protocols in heterogeneous WSNs. Our protocol (BEENISH)achieve longer stability, lifetime and more effective messages than Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering (DEEC), Developed DEEC (DDEEC) and Enhanced DEEC (EDEEC).

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MANETs (Mobile Ad hoc Networks) must have a secure way for transmission and communication and this is a quite challenging and vital issue as there is increasing threats of attack on the Mobile Networks. Security is the cry of the day. In order to provide secure communication and transmission, we must understand different types of attacks and their effects on the MANETs. One of these attacks is the Black Hole Attack against network integrity absorbing all data packets in the network. Since the data packets do not reach the destination node on account of this attack, data loss will occur. A MANET is more open to these kinds of attacks because communication is based on mutual trust between the nodes, there is no central point for network management, no authorization facility, vigorously changing topology and limited resources. Here, a mechanism is proposed for the nodes which are deployed in MANETs in order to detect and prevent black hole attacks. The proposed mechanism is incorporated in AODV routing protocol and is implemented and simulated in Network Simulator 2.

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Everybody appreciates a decent supper, some need to eat healthy, some need to eat for taste and some need to eat for the smell that they can't help it. This paper will help to introduce an advance system which fulfill all the requirement of the restaurant owner as well the consumer who wants to have nice and healthy food, using this system the restaurant owner can manage all the related stuff as managing the Online order, Table Reservation, Reviews etc. And This paper will help the consumer too where the system will proivide facility to find the best restaurant and gives option to order online, reserve a table, give reviews and many more. At the same time, as I headed out to places searching for the best places to eat, I understood that there is a ton more that buyers like me search for. They search for similitude too uniqueness in the climate, smell and taste. They search for cordiality of the staff that serves them on the grounds that they need to feel at home, they search for the estimation of the supper and not simply the aggregate expense, they search for a spot where their family can have a decent discussion without getting occupied by noisy sounds etc. We want to provide the service which can help to the restaurant owner and the consumers who look for the good food, it will be very easy using the proposed system. This paper helps in building an application that will help to the safe where they can directly communicate with the consumer and they can get chance to show their best and they can also get the direct feedback from the consumer.

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The role of the transmission network in the Power System is to transmit the power generated in the power plants to the load centers and the interconnected power systems. The transmission of electric power has to take place in the most efficient way in addition to providing flexibility in the process. Hence Flexible A.C. Transmission System (FACTS) devices are used. A Static VAR Compensator (SVC) is a shunt-connected FACTS controller that is able to exchange reactive power with the power system in a controlled way of static controllers to enhance the controllability and increase the power transfer capability. In this paper the operation of shunt SVC in the 5 bus system with different loading conditions are studied. Dynamic VAR compensation and voltage control at all the buses are analyzed with and without SVC. Losses of transmission lines with and without SVC are compared. Simulation is carried by using Mi-Power software Simulation package.

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DevOps is a practice in which operations and developers work together in each stage of DevOps life cycle (from development stage to production stage).Devops is good for developers. Developers need DevOps because for a better quality of life, pride of ownership and for more relevant work. Devops can be divided into four categories like log monitoring, monitoring, build and test and deployment and configuration. In this paper, authors give the brief introduction to DevOps Build and Test tools, Deployment and configuration and comparisons of tools.

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These networks lack security and are defenseless. Encryption and public key cryptography are essential technologies that are used to conserve data security and integrity, and to reduce information stealing on the public networks. However, the exiting routing protocols are inept of providing secure data transmission on wireless networks. To provides more security transmission data using certificate authentication of digital signature. We say that the cryptography using for data secure transfer in network we use ECC (Elliptic curve cryptography) implemented a prototype of per-hop data encryption protocol on the ns-2 simulator.

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Silos are used to store granular solids, liquids, and metal ores. Due to high height to diameter ratios, silos are prone to failure due to buckling. This research work aims to assess the buckling strength of steel silos containing liquid (water). The silo is designed as per ASME codes for the requirements given in problem, and then validated the design for safety by performing linear and nonlinear analysis using software ANSYS. Water stored in silo acts as loading on surfaces of it. Hence in addition to above analyses, hydrostatic analysis is also performed on silo.

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Pulse compression permits radar signal transmission to use long coded internal modulation waveforms in order to accomplish long range detection and concurrently gets the high range resolution by processing of the reflected echo to accumulate the long coded waveform energy in to narrow pulse. Range resolution is the ability to separate closely spaced targets. The shorter pulse width waveform transmission improved in the range resolution. But, if the pulse width is decrease, the quantity of energy in the pulse is decreased and maximum range finding gets reduced. Hence development of best PC technique to avoid this difficulty.

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Software fault prediction indicates the likelihood of software fault at an early stage of software development process and hence it will be easier to identify and correct them and also reduce faults that would occur at later stages. This will improve the overall quality of the software product. In the recent years, several machine learning techniques which uses examples of faulty and non-faulty modules to build prediction models. Software metric have been used as input to these machine learning techniques to represent the software modules. Support Vector Machines (SVM) is the main algorithm which has been used for classification of faulty and non-faulty modules. But prior to using SVM, A few data pre-processing methods has been proposed such as bootstrapping, clustering and random projection. These methods are needed because of certain problems with metric datasets such as class imbalance, noise, small dataset size and high dimension. It has showed by experiments that when software metrics dataset is pre-processed and transformed using above techniques, the performance of SVM in predicting faulty and non-faulty modules is better. The accuracy measure used for comparing performances of different models was F-measure. F-measure has been used because of its robustness to class imbalance. For some models F-measure has increased by about 40%, which is very encouraging. Experimental results shows that the proposed approach worked better than existing approach using MATLAB and Weka programming.

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Privacy preserving data mining (PPDM) is a method of protecting the privacy of data without sacrificing the utility of the data. In this present world of Internet people have become well aware that they should not share their personal data and sensitive information. This may lead to the negative results of the data mining. This paper provides a detailed review of different techniques and algorithms used in Privacy Preserving Data Mining (PPDM). This paper also presents an overview of PPDM Framework, PPDM techniques, PPDM tools and algorithms.

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This study is done to determine the effects of "Baghouse Fines" in the asphaltic concrete mixes. The analysis includes carrying out Marshall Tests on asphaltic mixes having various filler/baghouse fines ratios. Sieve analysis and hydrometer analysis were used to produce gradations for aggregate mixtures with baghouse fines. Chemical properties of baghouse fines were determined using X-ray fluorescence machine. The results of the study indicate that indicate that baghouse fines can greatly affect the properties of the design mix, such as the stability values, the flow values and the optimum asphalt content. The chemical properties of baghouse fines indicate the absence of any harmful heavy metal in the baghouse fines. It is anticipated that the results of this study will be of great help in the improvement of local mix properties.

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This paper demonstrates the design of Permanent magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) suitable for offshore Wind farms and reviews the state-of-the art and highly applicable mechanical position/speed sensor less control schemes for PMSG-based variable-speed Wind Energy Conversion Systems. In these Voltage Source Converters (VSC) Multi Terminal High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmissions technology is used to integrate with main grid. Due to enormous advantages of VSC system, it facilitates fast Active and Reactive power control and relatively lower losses. VSCs have a limited transmission capacity due to limitations on IGBT and capacitors ratings. For these reasons, a multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) transmission system, which can extract and deliver power from and to several terminals and provide power to more than one terminal, is an attractive method for offshore wind power transmission. MTDC system and the results show that the system can operate effectively under a variety of operating conditions.

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